Effects on Additions on the Physical and Dielectric Properties of Lead Magnesium Niobate PDF Download
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Author: Daniel Joseph Beck
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 71
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Author: Daniel Joseph Beck
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 71
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Author: Wade H. Shafer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461573912
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thougtit that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all con cerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an interna tional publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Cor poration of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 31 (thesis year 1986) a total of 11 ,480 theses titles trom 24 Canadian and 182 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base tor these titles reported will greatly enhance the value ot this important annual reterence work. While Volume 31 reports theses submitted in 1986, on occasion, certain univer sities do re port theses submitted in previousyears but not reported at the time.
Author: James Wilmarth Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Author: Michael Christopher Wagner
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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As the range of applications for electro-optic materials continues to grow, so does the need to identify and characterize new materials with improved electro-optic responses. A promising electro-optic material which has yet to be widely utilized is Lead Magnesium Niobate-Lead Titanate (PMN-PT) ceramic. In an effort to better characterize and understand the material, this work employed FTIR spectroscopy to calculate the refractive index of PMN-PT over a wide range of optical frequencies. Through analysis of interference fringes, the dispersion curve is calculated between 10,500 cm1 and 1200 cm1 (approximately 955 nm and 8.3 Îơm) containing nearly two thousand data points with an assumed accuracy of three decimal places. Additionally, capacitance bridge analysis is used to characterize the effect of temperature on the dielectric constant of PMN-PT. Special attention is given to the relationship of refractive index and dielectric constant so that a temperature study of the dielectric constant can be used to infer additional physical characteristics of PMN-PT.
Author:
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Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 542
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Author: Mohsen Mhadhbi
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1838812040
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
This book examines exciting advancements in the field of ceramics, including nanotechnology, clean energy, and tribology as well as fundamental concepts like defects and structure. It is a comprehensive discussion on how today’s ceramics are processed and used in many of today’s critical technologies. It discusses current techniques for synthesizing durable and cost-effective ceramic components with biocompatibility, complexity, and high precision. This book is a comprehensive reference for researchers, engineers, dental clinicians, biologists, academics, and students interested in ceramics.
Author: C. P.(Ching-Ping) Wong
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303049991X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 582
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Book Description
This book shows how nanofabrication techniques and nanomaterials can be used to customize packaging for nano devices with applications to electronics, photonics, biological and biomedical research and products. It covers topics such as bio sensing electronics, bio device packaging, MEMS for bio devices and much more, including: Offers a comprehensive overview of nano and bio packaging and their materials based on their chemical and physical sciences and mechanical, electrical and material engineering perspectives; Discusses nano materials as power energy sources, computational analyses of nano materials including molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and DFT calculations; Analyzes nanotubes, superhydrophobic self-clean Lotus surfaces; Covers nano chemistry for bio sensor/bio material device packaging. This second edition includes new chapters on soft materials-enabled packaging for stretchable and wearable electronics, state of the art miniaturization for active implantable medical devices, recent LED packaging and progress, nanomaterials for recent energy storage devices such as lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors and their packaging. Nano- Bio- Electronic, Photonic and MEMS Packaging is the ideal book for all biomedical engineers, industrial electronics packaging engineers, and those engaged in bio nanotechnology applications research.
Author: Samuel Taylor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Lead magnesium niobate-titanate, Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT), and lead indium niobate-magnesium niobate-titanate, Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) ferroelectric single crystals are widely used in current and next generation medical ultrasound devices for their high signal strength and high frequency capabilities. With technology innovations, single crystal elements in transducers have become small enough that geometry induced domain clamping can severely limit the dielectric properties of the material and must be taken into consideration. Previous work on single crystal PMN-PT and PIN-PMN-PT has demonstrated that a sample with geometries on the scale of the materials ferroelectric domain size will cause domain clamping. [1] Those studies only evaluated single crystals with polished surface finishes. During preparation of a crystal sample, machining stresses can cause permanent lattice distortions, inducing a surface dead layer, an area of distorted lattice near the surface that is no longer ferroelectric. [2] The geometry induced domain clamping study used samples with essentially no surface dead layer. In medical ultrasounds, the low acoustic impedance of human tissues requires impedance matching layers to be adhered to the crystal surface within the transducer in order to transition the sound wave from the high impedance crystal to the low impedance human tissue. Most bonding techniques require a crystal surface rougher than that obtained from a traditional polishing process. A rougher surface will have high stress introduced deeper into the part due to the machining process. This creates a surface dead layer where the lattice is permanently distorted and no longer exhibits ferroelectric behavior. This will reduce the percent volume of ferroelectric material in the part, reducing overall ferroelectric properties/behavior. In this study, commercial surface finish techniques, including ID saw, wire saw, rough surface grinding and fine surface grinding were used to prepare crystal samples of varying thickness to evaluate the thickness and surface roughness dependence of PMN-PT and PIN-PMT- PT single crystals dielectric properties and ferroelectric behavior. All the samples studied met current commercial matching layer adhesion requirements for surface roughness. The ferroelectric crystals were polarized under both DC and AC fields. Electrical properties were measured after DC poling and AC poling. AC poling response was measured to observe the polarization hysteresis behavior of each sample. The primary electrical properties of interest were the thickness mode electromechanical coupling coefficient (kt), strain free component of the relative dielectric permittivity ([epsilon]r) and the coercive field (Ec), as well as the general shape and evolution of the polarization hysteresis loop through multiple measurements. With the ID sawn, wire sawn and rough surface finishes, both PMN-PT and PIN-PMN-PT crystals exhibited thickness dependent domain impingement. PMN-PT samples showed decreased [epsilon]r and non-characteristic PE hysteresis below 350[mu]m thickness. Although PIN-PMN-PT samples showed degradation in the ferroelectric hysteresis loop at thicknesses just below bulk thickness, [epsilon]r was maintained for samples of at least 400[mu]m thickness. For both crystal compositions, the surface dead layer occupied enough volume to result in a measurable detrimental effect on poling and electrical properties. The effects of the surface dead layer on ferroelectric behavior of the crystal samples were similar to the dimensional pinning of domains in thin polished samples of PMN-PT. With similar surface preparation, PIN-PMN-PT crystals also exhibited low properties, unlike in a polished sample. Using a fine grind technique, thin samples of PIN-PMN-PT could be poled and still maintain normal bulk properties and polarization behavior. This research focused on crystals with compositions near the morphotrophic phase boundary (MPB). This study concluded that in commercially processed PIN-PMN-PT and PMN-PT crystal samples, the main contributing factor to domain impingement is the surface dead layer, not the part geometry. As the surface finish is improved, the lattice damage caused by machining stress is reduced, therefore reducing the depth of the surface dead layer into the sample and reducing the overall volume percent of the sample that cannot be poled. As surface machining techniques are refined, creating a smoother surface, geometry induced domain impingement starts to play a larger role in ferroelectric behavior.
Author: T. F. Connolly
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475706987
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 692
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Book Description
This volume is a joint effort of the Research Materials Information Center (RMIC) of the Solid State Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Libraries and Information Systems Center at Bell Telephone Laboratories (BTL) Murray Hill, N. J. The Research Materials Information Center has, since 1963, been answering inquiries on the avail ability, preparation, and properties of inorganic solid-state research materials. The preparation of bibliographies has been essential to this function, and the interest in ferroelectrics led to the compila tion of the journal and report literature on that subject. The 1962 book Ferroelectric Crystals, by Jona and Shirane, was taken as a cutoff point, and all papers through mid-1969 received by the Center have been included. The Libraries and Information Systems Center of BTL has, over a period of years, developed a proprie tary package of computer programs called BELDEX, which formats and generates indexes to biblio graphic material. This group therefore undertook to process RMIC's ferroelectric references by BELDEX so that both laboratories could have the benefit of an indexed basic bibliography in this important research area.
Author: T. F. Connolly
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468462105
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 713
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Research on ferroelectricity and ferroelectric materials started in 1920 with the discovery by Valasek that the variation of spontaneous polarization in Rochelle salt with sign and magnitude of an applied electric field traced a complete and reproducible hysteresis loop. Activity in the field was sporadic until 1935, when Busch and co-workers announced the observation of similar behavior in potassium dihydrogen phosphate and related compounds. Progress thereafter continued at a modest level with the undertaking of some theoretical as well as further experimental studies. In 1944, von Hippel and co-workers discovered ferroelectricity in barium titanate. The technological importance of ceramic barium titanate and other perovskites led to an upsurge of interest, with many new ferroelectrics being identified in the following decade. By 1967, about 2000 papers on various aspects of ferroelectricity had been published. The bulk of this widely dispersed literature was concerned with the experimental measurement of dielectric, crystallographic, thermal, electromechanical, elastic, optical, and magnetic properties. A critical and excellently organized cpmpilation based on these data appeared in 1969 with the publica tion of Landolt-Bornstein, Volume 111/3. This superb tabulation gave instant access to the results in the literature on nearly 450 pure substances and solid solutions of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric materials. Continuing interest in ferroelectrics, spurred by the growing importance of electrooptic crystals, resulted in the publication of almost as many additional papers by the end of 1969 as had been surveyed in Landolt-Bornstein.
