Effects of Near-term Seawater Acidification and Warming on Ecosystem Processes and Functioning PDF Download
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Author: Jasmin M. Schuster
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
Author: Jasmin M. Schuster
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030916155X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
The ocean has absorbed a significant portion of all human-made carbon dioxide emissions. This benefits human society by moderating the rate of climate change, but also causes unprecedented changes to ocean chemistry. Carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean decreases the pH of the water and leads to a suite of chemical changes collectively known as ocean acidification. The long term consequences of ocean acidification are not known, but are expected to result in changes to many ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean reviews the current state of knowledge, explores gaps in understanding, and identifies several key findings. Like climate change, ocean acidification is a growing global problem that will intensify with continued CO2 emissions and has the potential to change marine ecosystems and affect benefits to society. The federal government has taken positive initial steps by developing a national ocean acidification program, but more information is needed to fully understand and address the threat that ocean acidification may pose to marine ecosystems and the services they provide. In addition, a global observation network of chemical and biological sensors is needed to monitor changes in ocean conditions attributable to acidification.
Author: Natasha Busjeet
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780854036172
Category : Acid rain
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Marine pollution
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9781009157971
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 755
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Book Description
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author: Alexander T. Lowe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
Ocean acidification poses serious threats to coastal ecosystem services, yet few empirical studies have investigated how feedbacks from local ecological processes may modulate global trends of pH from rising atmospheric CO2. Just as microclimatic influences cause departures from long-term warming trends in temperature, local processes may decouple local marine environments from the increased anthropogenic CO2 that dissolves in seawater and reduces pH. Seawater pH has been shown to be an important factor regulating physiological processes of many aquatic organisms, including valuable aquaculture species like Pacific oysters. Understanding 1) whether long-term ocean acidification varies spatially due to local ecological processes, 2) which environmental factors or ecological processes drive variation in seawater pH, and 3) the effects of this pH variation on marine organisms are critical research needs for climate change adaptation and management of important marine resources. In this dissertation, I found that pH exhibits high variability across spatial and temporal scales in the Salish Sea, exhibiting location-specific long-term changes driven by differences in net ecosystem metabolism (Chapter 1). By mapping pH in important shellfish aquaculture regions of Washington state, I showed that shallow-water environments over tidal flats are more variable in pH than surface waters over deeper channels, associated with bentho-pelagic coupling of organic matter production and decomposition, in addition to characteristic physical changes of temperature and salinity up-estuary (Chapter 2). Using interactions with an autotrophic foundation species (eelgrass Zostera marina) along estuarine gradients, I found that growth of two species of oyster were most strongly positively correlated to differences in stable isotope and fatty acid biomarkers of food availability both from river to ocean along the estuarine gradient and in association with eelgrass (Chapter 3). Shell strength, a putative indicator of pH stress, showed a positive response to eelgrass for the native, but negative response for the non-native oyster. Small differences in growth and shell strength were observed in association with eelgrass, but mortality related to predation was much higher in eelgrass. Collectively, these results support the adoption of an ecosystem perspective to ocean acidification as well as other stressors in productive aquatic habitats. Chapter 1: Patterns of pH variability were quantified as a function of atmospheric CO2 and local physical and biological processes at 83 sites over 25 years in the Salish Sea and two NE Pacific estuaries. Mean seawater pH decreased significantly at -0.009 ± 0.0005 pH yr−1 (0.22 pH over 25 years), with spatially variable rates ranging up to 10 times greater than atmospheric CO2-driven ocean acidification. Dissolved oxygen saturation (%DO) decreased by -0.24 ± 0.036% yr−1, with site-specific trends similar to pH. Mean pH shifted from 7.6 in winter to 8.0 in summer concomitant with the seasonal shift from heterotrophy (%DO 100) to autotrophy (%DO100) and dramatic shifts in aragonite saturation state critical to shell-forming organisms (probability of undersaturation was >80% in winter, but
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric carbon dioxide
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Author: Kevin J. Gaston
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0198526407
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
A synthesis of present understanding of the structure of the geographic ranges of species, which is a core issue in ecology and biogeography with implications for many of the environmental issues presently facing humankind.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309145880
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 526
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Book Description
Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.
