Effects of Monensin and Essential Oils on Ruminal Fermentation, Performance, Energy Metabolism and Immune Parameters of Dairy Cows During the Transition Period PDF Download
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Author: Caroline Drong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Caroline Drong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Rogério de Paula Lana
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Author: Ahmed E. Kholif
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889669718
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 189
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Author: Takashi Yasui
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Factors associated with a failure to adapt metabolic and physiological regulation during the transition period include oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, and imbalanced energy status. Those factors are not only correlated to each other, but also related to low performance and immune suppression, which leads to development of periparturient-related diseases such as cytological endometritis (CE). The objectives of this work were to investigate the: 1) effect of source of trace minerals on production, oxidative metabolism, and the incidence of CE; 2) effect of chromium propionate (Cr-Pro) supplementation on production, metabolism, and the incidence of CE; 3) effect of supplemental monensin and varying postpartum fermentable starch level on the incidence of CE and related immune functions; and 4) association of CE with energy metabolism and inflammation. The first experiment found that, compared to inorganic or organic sources, supplemental hydroxy trace minerals (HTM), a recently available source of trace minerals, improved aspects of milk production, modulated plasma indices of oxidative balance, and reduced plasma haptoglobin levels immediately after parturition, suggesting that HTM are more bioavailable and can affect the body system related to production, oxidative metabolism, and inflammatory responses. In experiment two, feeding Cr-Pro resulted in improved prepartum dry matter intake in addition to reduced prepartum plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and decreased incidence of CE along with increased uterine neutrophil influx immediately after parturition. This implies that Cr-Pro can improve periparturient energy metabolism and uterine immunity. The third experiment revealed that innate immune responses were improved during the early postpartum period in cows fed high starch diets for 3 weeks after parturition, and during early lactation in cows fed monensin. Finally, analyses conducted indicated that negative energy balance during the first 3 weeks after parturition was a critical factor to develop CE because cows with CE had higher area under the curve of plasma NEFA and beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and lower calculated energy balance during that period compared to cows without CE. The findings obtained from this work give practical approaches to optimize overall performance in transition dairy cows and provide partial mechanisms for how oxidative status, metabolism, and energy balance interrelate.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN: 0309049970
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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In the past decade, animal scientists have learned that administering recombinantly derived somatotropin (growth hormone) to cows improves milk production and that giving beta-adrenergic agonists to meat animals improves productivity and leanness. In order for these metabolic modifiers to yield benefits, however, sound management of the animals' nutrition is necessary. This volume reports on how these substances work in the animals' metabolism, what effects they might have on nutrient requirements of domestic livestock, and what information should be developed further by investigators. The book explores the current understanding of the biology, structure, mechanisms of action, and treatment effects of somatotropin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and anabolic steroids. A companion volume to the Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals series, this authoritative volume will be required reading for animal scientists, researchers, veterinarians, livestock farmers, and faculty and students in university animal veterinary science programs.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309069971
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions. The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs.
Author: Chris McSweeney
Publisher: Burleigh Dodds Agricultural Sc
ISBN: 9781786763327
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Book Description
Part 1 summarises advances in analysing the rumen microbiome. Part 2 reviews recent research on different types of rumen microbiota. Part 3 discusses the way the rumen processes nutrients whilst Part 4 explores nutritional strategies to optimise rumen function.
Author: Keiji Ogimoto
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Author: Sara Elisabeth Place
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267759795
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The US dairy industry generates nutritional and economic value, but simultaneously causes undesirable environmental impacts including emissions of greenhouse gases (e.g. methane (CH4) and other air pollutants (e.g. volatile organic compounds (VOC) and ammonia (NH3)). The dairy industry's CH4 emissions largely occur from enteric fermentation processes within the rumen of cattle. Quantifying baseline emissions and testing emissions mitigation strategies requires proper measurement equipment to capture high quality data for estimation of emissions. Two ventilated hoods were developed and tested at University of California, Davis. The hood system can capture emissions that occur from rumen fermentation and respiration processes in cattle and has recovery rates ranging from 97.6 to 99.3%. One of the CH4 emission mitigation strategies for dairy cattle is to feed ionophores such as monensin, which has been fed to lactating dairy cattle in the US since 2004 primarily to improve feed efficiency. Its ability to reduce CH4 emissions has been demonstrated in beef and dairy cattle previously; however, there have been considerably variable effects with some studies showing no effect on CH4 emissions. No studies have examined if the dose of monensin affects CH4 emissions from dairy cattle; therefore, a study was conducted that compared a low (LOW), medium (MED), and high (HIGH) dose of monensin providing 175, 368, and 518 mg cow−1d−1 of monensin, respectively, to a control (CON) with 5 cows per treatment. The study had three periods: PRE, where all cows were fed the same basal total mixed ration (TMR) and CON top dress for at least 19 d; MON, where all cows were fed the same basal TMR and their assigned top dress for 21 d; and POST, where the cows were returned to the CON top dress and fed the same basal TMR for 21 d. Gas sampling was conducted on the last day of each period using the ventilated hood system. Rumen fluid samples were collected for volatile fatty acid (VFA), NH3-N, and pH analysis, in addition to quantification of total protozoa and methanogenic archaea with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were monitored daily for each cow throughout the study, and milk composition was determined from a representative AM and PM milk sample for each period. Methane emissions, DMI, milk yield, milk composition, rumen VFA, NH3-N, pH, total protozoa, and methanogenic archaea were not different across treatments in the MON period. The VOCs, ethanol, methanol, and acetic acid, were detected, but below the limit of quantification for the gas analyzers. Comparing the change over time from the PRE to the MON period, the MED treatment cows had a lower change in CH4 emissions compared to those in the CON and LOW treatments. The change in milk yield and DMI were lower for the MED treatment cows compared to CON over the same time frame. None of the major VFA or NH3-N was found to have differences over time, and over time comparisons across treatments for total protozoa and methanogenic archaea could not be made due to the nature of the qPCR analysis. In summary, monensin dose responses "over time" were found, but they were not linear in nature and the results of the present study cannot be translated to a % change in emissions per cow. Capturing high quality data is essential for proper evaluation of emission mitigation strategies that can reduce the US dairy industry's environmental impact.
Author: David G. Pugh
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323624642
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 578
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**Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 in Veterinary Medicine** Get practical answers from the only guide on the care of sheep, goats, and cervids! Authoritative yet easy to read, Sheep, Goat and Cervid Medicine, 3rd Edition covers all the latest advances in the field, including diseases and medical treatment, surgery, pain management, theriogenology, and nutrition. Clear instructions and hundreds of full-color photographs guide you step by step through common procedures including restraint for examination, administration of drugs, blood collection, and grooming. New to this edition is coverage of deer and elk medicine, reflecting the growing interest in these ruminants. Written by an expert team led by Dr. D.G. Pugh, this comprehensive reference is ideal for veterinarians and also for owners of sheep and goats. - Clear writing style and consistent organization makes the book easy to understand and use, with disease chapters including pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. - Coverage of both surgery and medicine in each body systems chapter makes it easier to choose between treatment options for specific disorders. - Superbly illustrated surgical procedures clearly demonstrate the steps to follow in performing medical and reproductive surgery. - Diverse, expert contributors include the most experienced authorities, each providing current information on the care of valuable breeding stock as well as pets. - Useful appendixes, now including veterinary feed directives, offer convenient access to information on drugs and drug dosages, fluid therapy, and normal values and conversions. - Consistent, logical format in each body systems chapter makes information easy to find by beginning with physical examination and diagnostic procedures, followed by discussions of common diseases that involve the system. - Comprehensive Feeding and Nutrition chapter covers diet evaluation, method of balancing rations, total parenteral nutrition, and examples of nutritious diets. - Explanation of the differences in normal behavior between sheep and goats shows how they are not the same, and require different methods of treatment. - NEW! Coverage of cervids has been added to chapters throughout the book, reflecting the growing popularity of deer and elk. - NEW! Thorough content updates are made throughout the book and reflect the latest research evidence. - NEW! 170 new clinical photos have been added. - NEW! Anesthesia and Pain Management chapter includes a new section on pain management strategies, reflecting the emphasis on controlling pain in small ruminants. - NEW! Expert Consult website offers an online version of the book, making it easy to search the entire book electronically. - NEW! Two new authors are respected and well-known veterinary medicine experts and educators: Dr. Misty Edmondson and Dr. Thomas Passler.
