Effects of Folic Acid and Pantothenic Acid Supplementation to Two Rations on Rumen Fermentation, Duodenal Nutrient Flow and Serum and Milk Variables of Dairy Cows PDF Download
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Author: Veronika Ragaller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
Author: Veronika Ragaller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
Author: Inka-Donata Niehoff
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736931352
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
Due to the incorporation of niacin into the coenzymes NAD and NADP, niacin is of great importance for the metabolism of man and animals. Apart from niacin in feed and endogenous formation, microbial niacin synthesis in the rumen is an important source for dairy cows. But the amount synthesized seems to differ greatly, which might be influenced by the ration fed. Many studies revealed a positive impact of a niacin supplementation on rumen protozoa, but microbial protein synthesis or volatile fatty acid production in the rumen showed inconsistent reactions to supplemental niacin. The amount of niacin reaching the duodenum is usually higher when niacin is fed. But not the whole quantity supplemented reaches the duodenum, indicating degradation or absorption before the duodenal cannula. Furthermore, supplementation of niacin did not always lead to a higher niacin concentration in blood. Effects on other blood parameters have been inconsistent, but might be more obvious when cows are in a tense metabolic situation, for example, ketosis or if high amounts are infused post-ruminally, since ruminal degradation appears to be substantial. The same is valid for milk parameters. In the few studies where blood niacin and milk parameters have been investigated, enhanced niacin concentrations in blood did not necessarily affect milk production or composition. These results are discussed in the present review, gaps of knowledge of niacin’s mode of action on the metabolism of dairy cows are identified and directions for future research are suggested.
Author: Chad James Robert Jenkins
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
Metabolizable protein (MP) is protein that reaches the small intestine and is available for absorption and utilization by the cow. Dairy rations may be limited in the supply of MP essential to meeting the demands of milk synthesis, however as much as half of the MP flowing to the small intestine may be attributed to microbial origins and is referred to as microbial CP (MCP). Experiment 1 utilized a technique in which DNA was used as a microbial marker to estimate the concentration of bacterial CP (BCP) in the solid and liquid portions of rumen digesta. Rumen digesta was sampled and separated into solid and liquid fractions and microbes were isolated from whole ruminal digesta. Targeting bacterial DNA in samples using real-time PCR, in addition to N analysis, allowed for estimates of the concentration of BCP in the solid and liquid fractions to be attained. The concentration of BCP tended to be higher in the solid portion, highlighting the need to consider both particle and liquid associated bacteria when conducting experiments involving the microbial community. Experiment 2 focused on the ruminal effects of a commercial feed additive when fed with diets low or high in MP. The feed additive, 2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid (HMTBa) molecule (Alimet, Novus Internation, St. Charles, MO), a methionine analog, is believed to result in several positive effects on rumen fermentation, including increased MCP yield. Rumen pH was decreased in response to the additive, while rumen VFA and ammonia were increased. The MCP yield was unaffected across treatments. Nutrient digestibility was increased in cows fed the diet low in MP. Rumen bacterial DNA was sequenced and analyzed bioinformatically; the proportion of Fibrobacteres were increased in cows receiving the additive, and a number of associations of the relative abundance of microorganisms with ruminal observations and treatments were observed..
Author: Merck & Co
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Animal nutrition
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Author: Jimmy Lynn Horner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairy cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Author: Maxine Rae Cameron
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN: 0309049970
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Book Description
In the past decade, animal scientists have learned that administering recombinantly derived somatotropin (growth hormone) to cows improves milk production and that giving beta-adrenergic agonists to meat animals improves productivity and leanness. In order for these metabolic modifiers to yield benefits, however, sound management of the animals' nutrition is necessary. This volume reports on how these substances work in the animals' metabolism, what effects they might have on nutrient requirements of domestic livestock, and what information should be developed further by investigators. The book explores the current understanding of the biology, structure, mechanisms of action, and treatment effects of somatotropin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and anabolic steroids. A companion volume to the Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals series, this authoritative volume will be required reading for animal scientists, researchers, veterinarians, livestock farmers, and faculty and students in university animal veterinary science programs.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309069971
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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Book Description
This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions. The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs.
Author: Lee Russell McDowell
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470376686
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 793
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Book Description
Vitamins in Animal and Human Nutrition contains concise, up-to-date information on vitamin nutrition for both animals and humans. The author defines these nutrients and describes their fascinating discovery, history and relationship to various diseases and deficiencies. Discussion of vitamins also includes their chemical structure, properties and antagonists; analytical procedures; metabolism; functions; requirements; sources; supplementation and toxicity. Vitamin-like substances, essential fatty acids and vitamin supplementation considerations are also examined. This book will be useful worldwide as a textbook and as an authoritative reference for research and extension specialists, feed manufacturers, teachers, students and others. It provides a well-balanced approach to both animal and clinical human nutrition and compares chemical, metabolic and functional aspects of vitamins and their practical and applied considerations. A unique feature of the book is its description of the implications of vitamin deficiencies and excesses and the conditions that might occur in human and various animal species.
Author: Young W. Park
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118534204
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1063
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Book Description
Milk is nature’s most complete food, and dairy products are considered to be the most nutritious foods of all. The traditional view of the role of milk has been greatly expanded in recent years beyond the horizon of nutritional subsistence of infants: it is now recognized to be more than a source of nutrients for the healthy growth of children and nourishment of adult humans. Alongside its major proteins (casein and whey), milk contains biologically active compounds, which have important physiological and biochemical functions and significant impacts upon human metabolism, nutrition and health. Many of these compounds have been proven to have beneficial effects on human nutrition and health. This comprehensive reference is the first to address such a wide range of topics related to milk production and human health, including: mammary secretion, production, sanitation, quality standards and chemistry, as well as nutrition, milk allergies, lactose intolerance, and the bioactive and therapeutic compounds found in milk. In addition to cow’s milk, the book also covers the milk of non-bovine dairy species which is of economic importance around the world. The Editors have assembled a team of internationally renowned experts to contribute to this exhaustive volume which will be essential reading for dairy scientists, nutritionists, food scientists, allergy specialists and health professionals.
