Effect of Water-deficit Stress on Cotton During Reproductive Development PDF Download
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Author: Dimitra Loka
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267311016
Category : Cotton
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
Water deficit is a major abiotic factor limiting plant growth and crop productivity around the world. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is considered to be relatively tolerant to drought and the effects of water stress on leaf physiology and metabolism have been extensively documented. However, information is lacking on the effect of water-deficit stress on the cotton flower. It was hypothesized that water-deficit stress would impair gas exchange functions which consequently would result in perturbation of carbohydrates of cotton reproductive units. To investigate this hypothesis growth room studies and field studies were conducted with the objectives being to document the physiological and biochemical changes that take place in cotton flowers and their subtending leaves when subjected to limited water supply. Additionally, the effect of the ethylene inhibitor 1-Methylcyclopropene under conditions of water stress was investigated as well as the response of leaf and ovary polyamine metabolism of two cotton cultivars differing in drought tolerance. Results indicated that water-deficit stress during flowering significantly compromised leaf gas exchange functions resulting in decreased stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, respiration and water potential. However, cotton reproductive units appeared to be less drought-sensitive compared to the leaves possibly due to higher water potential and glutathione reductase activity. Limited supply of water significantly affected carbohydrate metabolism of both leaf and pistil resulting in carbohydrate accumulation. Contrary to expectations, application of the ethylene inhibitor 1-MCP had no effect on leaf gas exchange function, however, it reversed the effect of water stress on pistil sucrose concentrations. Finally, water-deficit stress during flowering had a significant effect on polyamine metabolism of both leaf and pistil, resulting in increases in putrescine, spermidine and spermine in drought-sensitive cultivars. The differential response of polyamine metabolism between drought-sensitive and tolerant cultivars suggests that polyamines could be effective tools not only in selection of drought-tolerant cultivars, but also in drought tolerance engineering, however further research is needed in order to elucidate the exact pathways of their action.
Author: Dimitra Loka
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267311016
Category : Cotton
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
Water deficit is a major abiotic factor limiting plant growth and crop productivity around the world. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is considered to be relatively tolerant to drought and the effects of water stress on leaf physiology and metabolism have been extensively documented. However, information is lacking on the effect of water-deficit stress on the cotton flower. It was hypothesized that water-deficit stress would impair gas exchange functions which consequently would result in perturbation of carbohydrates of cotton reproductive units. To investigate this hypothesis growth room studies and field studies were conducted with the objectives being to document the physiological and biochemical changes that take place in cotton flowers and their subtending leaves when subjected to limited water supply. Additionally, the effect of the ethylene inhibitor 1-Methylcyclopropene under conditions of water stress was investigated as well as the response of leaf and ovary polyamine metabolism of two cotton cultivars differing in drought tolerance. Results indicated that water-deficit stress during flowering significantly compromised leaf gas exchange functions resulting in decreased stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, respiration and water potential. However, cotton reproductive units appeared to be less drought-sensitive compared to the leaves possibly due to higher water potential and glutathione reductase activity. Limited supply of water significantly affected carbohydrate metabolism of both leaf and pistil resulting in carbohydrate accumulation. Contrary to expectations, application of the ethylene inhibitor 1-MCP had no effect on leaf gas exchange function, however, it reversed the effect of water stress on pistil sucrose concentrations. Finally, water-deficit stress during flowering had a significant effect on polyamine metabolism of both leaf and pistil, resulting in increases in putrescine, spermidine and spermine in drought-sensitive cultivars. The differential response of polyamine metabolism between drought-sensitive and tolerant cultivars suggests that polyamines could be effective tools not only in selection of drought-tolerant cultivars, but also in drought tolerance engineering, however further research is needed in order to elucidate the exact pathways of their action.
Author: Christiane Pilon
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321948950
Category : Cotton
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Drought stress is one of the major abiotic factors affecting crop growth and limiting production worldwide. Cotton genotypes vary in drought tolerance, and the effects of drought stress on the anatomy and physiology of cotton leaves and roots have been reported. However, information on physiological and metabolic processes of leaves and flowers of modern cotton cultivars under water-deficit stress during reproductive development is not well elucidated. It was hypothesized that water-deficit stress during squaring and flowering stages would impair stomatal conductance and photosynthetic efficiency of leaves, which consequently would result in osmotic adjustment through accumulation of compatible solutes, increased activity of enzymes, and perturbation of carbohydrates metabolism in leaves and flowers of cotton plants, and differences in drought tolerance among the genotypes would exist. Therefore, field and growth room experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of water-deficit stress during reproductive development on the physiology and metabolism of leaves and flowers of a diverse range of cotton genotypes. Results indicated that water-deficit stress significantly decreased stomatal conductance of cotton plants. Water-deficit stress during the early squaring stage increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased photosynthetic efficiency and concentrations of pigments of cotton leaves. Carbohydrate metabolism in cotton flowers and subtending leaves was also compromised by water-deficit conditions, with a shift in the carbohydrate partitioning being promoted by the stress, with subtending leaves and bracts as main sources and pistils as main sinks, mainly for sucrose and soluble sugars. In addition, osmotic adjustment through proline accumulation and changes in osmotic potential is a mechanism used by cotton plants to tolerate drought stress. Leaves are more sensitive to water-deficit stress than ovaries, thus with higher osmotic adjustment. Finally, genotypes varied in tolerance to drought, with genotypes that showed higher osmotic adjustment in leaves and flowers indicating higher tolerance to drought episodes. Osmotic adjustment through accumulation of compatible solutes could be used as an effective tool for drought-tolerant genotypes in plant biotechnology. However, further research is needed for complete elucidation of osmotic adjustment and carbohydrate metabolism in flower tissues of cotton genotypes under drought conditions during the flower development.
Author: Jack R. Mauney
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cotton
Languages : en
Pages : 840
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Book Description
Author: James McD. Stewart
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048131952
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 573
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Book Description
Cotton production today is not to be undertaken frivolously if one expects to profit by its production. If cotton production is to be sustainable and produced profitably, it is essential to be knowledgeable about the growth and development of the cotton plant and in the adaptation of cultivars to the region as well as the technology available. In addition, those individuals involved in growing cotton should be familiar with the use of management aids to know the most profitable time to irrigate, apply plant growth regulators, herbicides, foliar fertilizers, insecticides, defoliants, etc. The chapters in this book were assembled to provide those dealing with the production of cotton with the basic knowledge of the physiology of the plant required to manage the cotton crop in a profitable manner.
Author: Victor Sadras
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128191953
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 780
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Book Description
Crop Physiology: Case Histories of Major Crops updates the physiology of broad-acre crops with a focus on the genetic, environmental and management drivers of development, capture and efficiency in the use of radiation, water and nutrients, the formation of yield and aspects of quality. These physiological process are presented in a double context of challenges and solutions. The challenges to increase plant-based food, fodder, fiber and energy against the backdrop of population increase, climate change, dietary choices and declining public funding for research and development in agriculture are unprecedented and urgent. The proximal technological solutions to these challenges are genetic improvement and agronomy. Hence, the premise of the book is that crop physiology is most valuable when it engages meaningfully with breeding and agronomy. With contributions from 92 leading scientists from around the world, each chapter deals with a crop: maize, rice, wheat, barley, sorghum and oat; quinoa; soybean, field pea, chickpea, peanut, common bean, lentil, lupin and faba bean; sunflower and canola; potato, cassava, sugar beet and sugarcane; and cotton. A crop-based approach to crop physiology in a G x E x M context Captures the perspectives of global experts on 22 crops
Author: Aydın Unay
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The cotton crop is adversely affected by the combination of salinity, drought, and heat stress during all growth stages in cultivated areas. The negative impacts of salinity together with water scarcity on osmotic stress dramatically increased the sensitivity of reproductive development. After membrane integrity and signaling networks are depressed under stress at the cell level, the metabolic and physiological processes are disrupted in the next stage. The restricted root growth, ion and water uptake, phloem, photosynthetic and respiratory capacity, incompatible hormonal balance, and reduction in yield due to lower boll retention are the most important symptoms. The seed treatments and foliar applications of osmoprotectant and fertilization appear to reduce multiple stress factors in possible climate change conditions. The osmotic adjustment, antioxidative ability, electrolyte leakage in the membrane, and chlorophyll fluorescence are evaluated as selection criteria for improving genotypes. Direct selection of plants with high yield under stress conditions may increase the success of cotton breeding. It is important to know the molecular approaches and gene functions responsible for abiotic stress. In this chapter, the effects of high temperature, salinity, and drought on cotton plants and characteristics associated with tolerance were focused on cotton improvement. The classical breeding methods and molecular approaches should be combined for breeding new cotton varieties.
Author: Hans Lambers
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402035896
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
Respiration in plants, as in all living organisms, is essential to provide metabolic energy and carbon skeletons for growth and maintenance. As such, respiration is an essential component of a plant’s carbon budget. Depending on species and environmental conditions, it consumes 25-75% of all the carbohydrates produced in photosynthesis – even more at extremely slow growth rates. Respiration in plants can also proceed in a manner that produces neither metabolic energy nor carbon skeletons, but heat. This type of respiration involves the cyanide-resistant, alternative oxidase; it is unique to plants, and resides in the mitochondria. The activity of this alternative pathway can be measured based on a difference in fractionation of oxygen isotopes between the cytochrome and the alternative oxidase. Heat production is important in some flowers to attract pollinators; however, the alternative oxidase also plays a major role in leaves and roots of most plants. A common thread throughout this volume is to link respiration, including alternative oxidase activity, to plant functioning in different environments.
Author: Peter Hedden
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1405173068
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
Plant growth is regulated by developmental programmes that can be modified by environmental cues acting through endogenous signaling molecules including plant hormones. This volume provides an overview of the biosynthesis, catabolism, perception and signal transduction of the individual hormone classes, followed by chapters on hormone distribution and transport, and the roles of hormone signaling in specific developmental processes. Particular attention is paid to the regulation of hormone signaling by environmental and developmental cues, sites of hormone metabolism and action, and interactions between hormone signaling pathways. The book is directed at researchers and professionals in plant biochemistry and molecular biology.
Author: Lajpat Ahuja
Publisher: ASA-CSSA-SSSA
ISBN: 9780891181675
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
Water stress and heat stress are considered to be two primary factors that limit crop production in many parts of the world. Global warming appears to be increasing the water requirements of plants. Understanding the impact of water deficit on plant physiological processes and efficient water management are of great concern in maintaining food production to meet ever increasing world food demand. The book addresses various climatic soil and plant factors that contribute to the water use efficiency in plants subjected to water stress. It covers all issues related to soil, plant and climatic factors that contribute to the crop responses to water stress. The books advances the knowledge in improving and sustaining crop yields in ever increasing unpredictable climatic fluctuations This book uses crop simulation models for response of crops to limited water under various management and climatic conditions.
Author: Emidio Cantidio Oliveira Filho
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cotton
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Book Description
Status of water in plants; growth and productivity affected by water deficits; plant adaptation to water streess and drought resistance; osmotic adjustments; general view of the experiments; methodology; diurnal and seasonal trends in leaf water potential; changes in water potential versus relative water content (moisture release) curves of leaves induced by restricting water supply; tissue water relations;parameters accounting for observed changes in MRC.; Solute potential modulation in response to drought; leaf dry matter dulation in respouse to drought; leaf diffusive resistance; carbon dioxide assimilation; dry matter accumulation; responses of adapted plants upon release of water stress; root estraction of soil moisture.
