Effect of Preparation Method on the Properties of Cu/ZnO Catalyst in Steam Reforming of Methanol PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Catalysts
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
Several methods (sol-gel method, co-precipitation, homogeneous-precipitation) have been comparatively examined for the preparation of binary Cu/ZnO-based catalysts with Cu/Zn molar ratios in 70/30, 50/50 and 30/70 copper acetate (Cu(CH3COO)2H2O) and zinc acetate (Zn(CH3COO)2 2H2O) and ethanol were used as precursor for preparation of Cu/ZnO catalyst by sol-gel method. For co-precipitation method were prepared by the addition rate of a mixed copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2) and zince nitrate (Zn(NO3)2) solution with a sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. For homogeneous precipitation method were prepared by urea instead of Na2CO3 solution. All Cu/ZnO catalysts were applied for the catalytic production of hydrogen by steam reforming of methanol (SRM). Homogeneous precipitation method is preferable for this reaction. Then, study effect of calcinations conditions. Cu/ZnO catalysts are calcined by various atmospheres. Gases were used as atmosphere as follows: nitrogen, oxygen, air and hydrogen. Cu/ZnO catalyst was calcined by hydrogen, is the higher activity than the other atmospheres. Physical and chemical properties of Cu/ZnO catalyst were characterized by various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area, N2O chemisorption, Thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Catalysts
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
Several methods (sol-gel method, co-precipitation, homogeneous-precipitation) have been comparatively examined for the preparation of binary Cu/ZnO-based catalysts with Cu/Zn molar ratios in 70/30, 50/50 and 30/70 copper acetate (Cu(CH3COO)2H2O) and zinc acetate (Zn(CH3COO)2 2H2O) and ethanol were used as precursor for preparation of Cu/ZnO catalyst by sol-gel method. For co-precipitation method were prepared by the addition rate of a mixed copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2) and zince nitrate (Zn(NO3)2) solution with a sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. For homogeneous precipitation method were prepared by urea instead of Na2CO3 solution. All Cu/ZnO catalysts were applied for the catalytic production of hydrogen by steam reforming of methanol (SRM). Homogeneous precipitation method is preferable for this reaction. Then, study effect of calcinations conditions. Cu/ZnO catalysts are calcined by various atmospheres. Gases were used as atmosphere as follows: nitrogen, oxygen, air and hydrogen. Cu/ZnO catalyst was calcined by hydrogen, is the higher activity than the other atmospheres. Physical and chemical properties of Cu/ZnO catalyst were characterized by various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area, N2O chemisorption, Thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
Author: László Guczi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461403448
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 543
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Book Description
The increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the decrease of the available amount of fossil fuels necessitate finding new alternative and sustainable energy sources in the near future. This book summarizes the role and the possibilities of catalysis in the production of new energy carriers and in the utilization of different energy sources. The main goal of this work is to go beyond those results discussed in recent literature by identifying new developments that may lead to breakthroughs in the production of alternative energy. The book discusses the use of biomass or biomass derived materials as energy sources, hydrogen formation in methanol and ethanol reforming, biodiesel production, and the utilization of biogases. Separate sections also deal with fuel cells, photocatalysis, and solar cells, which are all promising processes for energy production that depend heavily on catalysts.
Author: Robert Schlögl
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110608596
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 685
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Book Description
Energy – in the headlines, discussed controversially, vital. The use of regenerative energy in many primary forms leads to the necessity to store grid dimensions for maintaining continuous supply and enabling the replacement of fossil fuel systems. Chemical energy storage is one of the possibilities besides mechano-thermal and biological systems. This work starts with the more general aspects of chemical energy storage in the context of the geosphere and evolves to dealing with aspects of electrochemistry, catalysis, synthesis of catalysts, functional analysis of catalytic processes and with the interface between electrochemistry and heterogeneous catalysis. Top-notch experts provide a sound, practical, hands-on insight into the present status of energy conversion aimed primarily at the young emerging research front.
Author: Flora T. T. Ng
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 303936040X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
Catalysis, in the industrial production of chemicals, fuels, and materials, accounts for more than half of gross material production worldwide. Heterogeneous catalysis enables fast and selective chemical transformations, resulting in superior product yield and facilitating catalyst separation and recovery. The synthesis of novel catalysts has emerged as a hot topic for process and product development with numerous research publications and patents. Hence, development of efficient catalysts and their applications is important for sustainable energy production and use, green chemicals production and use, and economic growth. This Special Issue discusses recent developments related to catalysis for the production of sustainable fuels and chemicals and traverses many new frontiers of catalysis including synthesis, characterization, catalytic performances, reaction kinetics and modelling, as well as applications of catalysts for the production of biofuels, synthesis gas, and other green products. This covers the current state-of-the-art catalysis research applied to bioenergy, organic transformation, carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatoms, reforming, hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodemetalization, Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, to name a few. This book highlights new avenues in catalysis including catalyst preparation methods, analytical tools for catalyst characterization, and techno-economic assessment to enhance a chemical or biological transformation process using catalysts for a betterment of industry, academia and society.
Author: James A. Kent
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319522876
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2217
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Book Description
This widely respected and frequently consulted reference work provides a wealth of information and guidance on industrial chemistry and biotechnology. Industries covered span the spectrum from salt and soda ash to advanced dyes chemistry, the nuclear industry, the rapidly evolving biotechnology industry, and, most recently, electrochemical energy storage devices and fuel cell science and technology. Other topics of surpassing interest to the world at large are covered in chapters on fertilizers and food production, pesticide manufacture and use, and the principles of sustainable chemical practice, referred to as green chemistry. Finally, considerable space and attention in the Handbook are devoted to the subjects of safety and emergency preparedness. It is worth noting that virtually all of the chapters are written by individuals who are embedded in the industries whereof they write so knowledgeably.
Author: Jerzy Skrzypek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Catalysis
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Author: Dragica Minic
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535108123
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Book Description
Hydrogen economy represents the future of human civilization. Limited resources of our planet are compelling us to turn to renewable clean energy resources and hydrogen figures prominently as the energy carrier of a future sustainable energy system. There are significant challenges to be overcome in order to make hydrogen viable, in production, storage and power generation, while safety of operation is an ever-present factor that determines success or failure of a proposed solution. Recent developments in all of these aspects are reviewed in this book, along with some latest research in the field of hydrogen energy and use.
Author: Robert Schlögl
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110266326
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
The use of regenerative energy in many primary forms leads to the necessity to store grid dimensions for maintaining continuous supply and enabling the replacement of fossil fuel systems. Chemical energy storage is one of the possibilities besides mechano-thermal and biological systems. This work starts with the more general aspects of chemical energy storage in the context of the geosphere and evolves to dealing with aspects of electrochemistry, catalysis, synthesis of catalysts, functional analysis of catalytic processes and with the interface between electrochemistry and heterogeneous catalysis. Top-notch experts provide a sound, practical, hands-on insight into the present status of energy conversion aimed primarily at the young emerging research front.
Author: Morris D. Argyle
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038975311
Category : Chemical engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 149
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Book Description
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Commemorative Issue in Honor of Professor Emeritus Calvin H. Bartholomew in Anticipation of His 75th Birthday" that was published in Catalysts
Author: Annemie Bogaerts
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038977500
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
