Effect of Pipe Diameter on Horizontal Annular Two-phase Flow PDF Download
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Author: Lawrence Robert Williams
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
The effect of pipe diameter on horizontal annular flow is examined. Measurements of the local film height, the local droplet flux, the local velocity, and the entrained fraction for annular flow in a 9.53 cm horizontal pipe have been obtained. The measurements are compared with the results from previous investigators for horizontal annular flow in pipes with diameters of 2.54 cm and 5.08 cm. A new large scale two-phase flow facility has been designed and constructed. The facility has the ability to incline a 26.5 m pipe at angles between positive and minus 2.5 degrees from the horizontal. Local film height measurements show that the film distribution becomes increasingly asymmetric with increasing pipe diameter. The effect of pipe diameter on the asymmetries of the liquid film distribution is predicted approximately by a Froude number. At Froude numbers below 50, the liquid is stratified as a pool at the pipe bottom. A turbulent diffusion model developed by a co-researcher for the droplet concentration distribution is in good agreement with measurements at low gas velocities and low droplet concentrations. At higher droplet concentrations, velocity measurements suggest the existence of a secondary flow in the gas which inhibits droplet settling. Entrainment correlations developed from experiments in small diameter pipes, over predict the entrained fraction in large diameter pipes. A generalized entrainment correlation based on an equilibrium rate balance between the rate of atomization of droplets from the liquid film and the rate of deposition of droplets back to the liquid film is developed. The correlation is easily interpreted for two extremes of the liquid film distribution. When the film is distributed uniformly around the pipe wall, the entrainment relation reduces to a form developed by previous researchers. For conditions where the liquid film is stratified as a pool at the pipe bottom, a new entrainment relation is developed which is in good agreement with the results.
Author: Lawrence Robert Williams
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
The effect of pipe diameter on horizontal annular flow is examined. Measurements of the local film height, the local droplet flux, the local velocity, and the entrained fraction for annular flow in a 9.53 cm horizontal pipe have been obtained. The measurements are compared with the results from previous investigators for horizontal annular flow in pipes with diameters of 2.54 cm and 5.08 cm. A new large scale two-phase flow facility has been designed and constructed. The facility has the ability to incline a 26.5 m pipe at angles between positive and minus 2.5 degrees from the horizontal. Local film height measurements show that the film distribution becomes increasingly asymmetric with increasing pipe diameter. The effect of pipe diameter on the asymmetries of the liquid film distribution is predicted approximately by a Froude number. At Froude numbers below 50, the liquid is stratified as a pool at the pipe bottom. A turbulent diffusion model developed by a co-researcher for the droplet concentration distribution is in good agreement with measurements at low gas velocities and low droplet concentrations. At higher droplet concentrations, velocity measurements suggest the existence of a secondary flow in the gas which inhibits droplet settling. Entrainment correlations developed from experiments in small diameter pipes, over predict the entrained fraction in large diameter pipes. A generalized entrainment correlation based on an equilibrium rate balance between the rate of atomization of droplets from the liquid film and the rate of deposition of droplets back to the liquid film is developed. The correlation is easily interpreted for two extremes of the liquid film distribution. When the film is distributed uniformly around the pipe wall, the entrainment relation reduces to a form developed by previous researchers. For conditions where the liquid film is stratified as a pool at the pipe bottom, a new entrainment relation is developed which is in good agreement with the results.
Author: James Edwin Laurinat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fluid dynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 428
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Book Description
Author: Nikolaos Andritsos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
Author: Geoffrey Hewitt
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483285235
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 327
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Book Description
Annular Two-Phase Flow presents the wide range of industrial applications of annular two-phase flow regimes. This book discusses the fluid dynamics and heat transfer aspects of the flow pattern. Organized into 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the classification of the various types of interface distribution observed in practice. This text then examines the various regimes of two-phase flow with emphasis on the regions of occurrence of the annular flow regime. Other chapters consider the single momentum and energy balances, which illustrate the differences and analogies between single- and two-phase flows. This book discusses as well the simple modes for annular flow with consideration to the calculation of the profile of shear stress in the liquid film. The final chapter deals with the techniques that are developed for the measurement of flow pattern, entrainment, and film thickness. This book is a valuable resource for chemical engineers.
Author: Afshin J. Ghajar
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030416267
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
This book provides design engineers using gas-liquid two-phase flow in different industrial applications the necessary fundamental understanding of the two-phase flow variables. Two-phase flow literature reports a plethora of correlations for determination of flow patterns, void fraction, two- phase pressure drop and non-boiling heat transfer correlations. However, the validity of a majority of these correlations is restricted over a narrow range of two -phase flow conditions. Consequently, it is quite a challenging task for the end user to select an appropriate correlation/model for the type of two-phase flow under consideration. Selection of a correct correlation also requires some fundamental understanding of the two-phase flow physics and the underlying principles/assumptions/limitations associated with these correlations. Thus, it is of significant interest for a design engineer to have knowledge of the flow patterns and their transitions and their influence on two-phase flow variables. To address some of these issues and facilitate selection of appropriate two-phase flow models, this volume presents a succinct review of the flow patterns, void fraction, pressure drop and non-boiling heat transfer phenomenon and recommend some of the well scrutinized modeling techniques.
Author: Volfango Bertola
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3709125383
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 433
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Book Description
This is an up-to-date review of recent advances in the study of two-phase flows, with focus on gas-liquid flows, liquid-liquid flows, and particle transport in turbulent flows. The book is divided into several chapters, which after introducing basic concepts lead the reader through a more complex treatment of the subjects. The reader will find an extensive review of both the older and the more recent literature, with abundance of formulas, correlations, graphs and tables. A comprehensive (though non exhaustive) list of bibliographic references is provided at the end of each chapter. The volume is especially indicated for researchers who would like to carry out experimental, theoretical or computational work on two-phase flows, as well as for professionals who wish to learn more about this topic.
Author: Thomas J. Hanratty
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107041201
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 359
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Book Description
A unified theory of multiphase flows, providing tools for practical applications.
Author: Sadik Kakaç
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1268
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Book Description
Very Good,No Highlights or Markup,all pages are intact.
Author: Stephen Jarvis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fluid dynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
Author: Essaied Masoud Ali
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This study investigates the behaviour of two-phase flow in large diameter horizontal pipelines. The study was divided into two main parts: (i) General two-phase flow in 203 mm diameter pipeline, where the pressure drop and void fraction were measured. The pressure drop was measured using 23 bottom tapping points along a 34 m test section. The results were compared with six well known pressure drop models; these models did not allow for diameter size effect, it was therefore not surprising that good agreement was not achieved. A traversing y-ray apparatusw as designed and constructed for the measurements of void fraction. Void fraction measurements were compared with geometrical void fraction calculation, and very satisfactory agreements were obtained. The apparatus was also tested under a different number of chordal positions (steps) to determine the influence of the number of steps on the accuracy of the results. The void fraction results were compared with nine correlations found in the literature; the effect of pipe size was clear. A flow pattern map was also drawn for a 203 mm pipeline, which covered all the possible flow patterns (annular flow could not be obtained in this size of pipe, with the available air supply), and compared with three well known flow pattern maps, where a little agreement was found. (ii) The measurement of interfacial level gradient in the smooth stratified flow conditions. Two depth gauges (probes) were designed, constructed and calibrated for the measurement of the water level change along the test section. The two probes were placed 12 metres apart in the test section, where the flow conditions considered settled. The measurement accuracy of the probes was within 1 mm of liquid height, i. e. less than 1%. Two theoretical models in the field of stratified flow were tested and then modified to improve their ability to predict the present data, and perhaps 11 other data obtained from large diameter pipelines. A model based on the present set of data, following Bishop et. al (1986) approach was proposed, which predicts the present data within RMS of 8%.
