Effect of 7 Days Aerobic Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity, Oxidative Stress, TLR2/TLR4 Cell Surface Expression and Cytokine Secretion in Sedentary Obese Adults PDF Download
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Author: Amy J. Patrick-Melin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerobic exercises
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Aerobic exercise training (AEX) has been well documented to improve glucose tolerance and insulin action in patients who are obese (Goodpaster & Kelley, 2003), insulin resistant (Rodgers, M.A., 1988) and in patients with T2DM (Bruce, 2004; Kirwan et al., 1990; Kirwan, Solomon, Wojta, Staten, Holloszy, 2009; Kirwan, Kohrt et al., 2002; Kirwan, et al., 1990) in the absence of weight loss. Mononuclear cells (MNC) are immune mediators of inflammation that are known to be elevated in diseases such as obesity and insulin resistance. Toll like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2, TLR4) are predominantly found on the plasma membrane of MNCs and play a key role in the innate immune response. However, it is not known whether improvements in glucose tolerance resulting from short term AEX is due to reductions in proinflammatory mediators. Thirteen sedentary obese (34.38 ± 1.13 kg/m2) adults, age 58.71 ± 3.21 yr, underwent Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests (OGTT's), before and after 7 days of supervised AEX at 70% VO2 max. Insulin sensitivity was assessed via the OGTT, TLR2/TLR4 cell surface expression by flow cytometry, ROS production by chemiluminescense, and MNC derived cytokine (TNF-alpha, IL-6) secretion by ELISA. Seven days of AEX resulted in improvements in Matsuda insulin sensitivity (p= 0.04) in the absence of weight loss and increased VO2max, (p = 0.004). Metabolic improvements were also noted in CHOOX and FatOX (p = 0.02, 0.03), Gluc120 and Ins120 responses (p = 0.002, 0.007) and tAUC for Gluc120 and Ins120 (p = 0.04, 0.01). ROS (p= 0.05) and IL-6 production at Gluc120 (p= 0.05) were also significantly reduced. No changes were observed in either CD14 or CD14 CD16 TLR2 or TLR4 response for any time points. Seven days of aerobic exercise training is sufficient to produce changes in insulin sensitivity in obese adults and these changes are associated with reductions in ROS and improvements in insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues. However, because there were no changes in innate response, it is likely that a longer training duration greater than seven days may be required to reduce chronic inflammation in obese sedentary humans.
Author: Amy J. Patrick-Melin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerobic exercises
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Aerobic exercise training (AEX) has been well documented to improve glucose tolerance and insulin action in patients who are obese (Goodpaster & Kelley, 2003), insulin resistant (Rodgers, M.A., 1988) and in patients with T2DM (Bruce, 2004; Kirwan et al., 1990; Kirwan, Solomon, Wojta, Staten, Holloszy, 2009; Kirwan, Kohrt et al., 2002; Kirwan, et al., 1990) in the absence of weight loss. Mononuclear cells (MNC) are immune mediators of inflammation that are known to be elevated in diseases such as obesity and insulin resistance. Toll like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2, TLR4) are predominantly found on the plasma membrane of MNCs and play a key role in the innate immune response. However, it is not known whether improvements in glucose tolerance resulting from short term AEX is due to reductions in proinflammatory mediators. Thirteen sedentary obese (34.38 ± 1.13 kg/m2) adults, age 58.71 ± 3.21 yr, underwent Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests (OGTT's), before and after 7 days of supervised AEX at 70% VO2 max. Insulin sensitivity was assessed via the OGTT, TLR2/TLR4 cell surface expression by flow cytometry, ROS production by chemiluminescense, and MNC derived cytokine (TNF-alpha, IL-6) secretion by ELISA. Seven days of AEX resulted in improvements in Matsuda insulin sensitivity (p= 0.04) in the absence of weight loss and increased VO2max, (p = 0.004). Metabolic improvements were also noted in CHOOX and FatOX (p = 0.02, 0.03), Gluc120 and Ins120 responses (p = 0.002, 0.007) and tAUC for Gluc120 and Ins120 (p = 0.04, 0.01). ROS (p= 0.05) and IL-6 production at Gluc120 (p= 0.05) were also significantly reduced. No changes were observed in either CD14 or CD14 CD16 TLR2 or TLR4 response for any time points. Seven days of aerobic exercise training is sufficient to produce changes in insulin sensitivity in obese adults and these changes are associated with reductions in ROS and improvements in insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues. However, because there were no changes in innate response, it is likely that a longer training duration greater than seven days may be required to reduce chronic inflammation in obese sedentary humans.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Toluene
Languages : en
Pages : 366
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Book Description
Author: Manfred Lamprecht
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466567570
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
The use of antioxidants in sports is controversial due to existing evidence that they both support and hinder athletic performance. Antioxidants in Sport Nutrition covers antioxidant use in the athlete ́s basic nutrition and discusses the controversies surrounding the usefulness of antioxidant supplementation. The book also stresses how antioxidants may affect immunity, health, and exercise performance. The book contains scientifically based chapters explaining the basic mechanisms of exercise-induced oxidative damage. Also covered are methodological approaches to assess the effectiveness of antioxidant treatment. Biomarkers are discussed as a method to estimate the bioefficacy of dietary/supplemental antioxidants in sports. This book is useful for sport nutrition scientists, physicians, exercise physiologists, product developers, sport practitioners, coaches, top athletes, and recreational athletes. In it, they will find objective information and practical guidance.
Author: María P. Portillo
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039212753
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
In recent years, great attention has been paid to polyphenols due to their positive effects on health. One of the most widely-studied phenolic compounds is resveratrol. This molecule, which is naturally present in some foods, shows beneficial effects on various physiological and biochemical processes, thus representing a potential tool for the prevention or the treatment of diseases highly prevalent in our society. Several of these beneficial effects have been observed in human beings, but others only in pre-clinical studies so far, and therefore, it is mandatory to continue with the scientific research in this field. Indeed, new knowledge concerning these issues could enable the development of novel functional foods or nutraceuticals, incorporating resveratrol, suitable for preventing or treating diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, dislipemia, insulin resistance and diabetes, liver diseases, etc.
Author: Robert Hofstra
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351804189
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
Advances in Biomolecular Medicine contains the selected papers presented at the 4th BIBMC (Bandung International Biomolecular Medicine Conference) and the 2nd ACMM (ASEAN Congress on Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Biosciences), hosted by the Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, 4-6 October 2016. In line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, the theme of the joint scientific meeting is ‘Medical innovation & translational research to ensure healthy lives & promote well-being for all at all ages’. Authors include scientists, academics, practitioners, regulators and other key individuals with expertise and experience relevant to biomolecular medicine, medical biotechnology and molecular biosciences. Topics of the papers cover various aspects of infection, oncology, tuberculosis, genetics, thalassemia, nutrition, cardiovascular, wound healing and endocrinology. This book is essential reading for academics, scientist, practitioners and regulators involved in the area of biomolecular medicine, medical biotechnology and molecular biosciences.
Author: Aharon Mordechai Cohen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
Author: Irene Dankwa-Mullan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119374812
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 548
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Book Description
Integrates the various disciplines of the science of health disparities in one comprehensive volume The Science of Health Disparities Research is an indispensable source of up-to-date information on clinical and translational health disparities science. Building upon the advances in health disparities research over the past decade, this authoritative volume informs policies and practices addressing the diseases, disorders, and gaps in health outcomes that are more prevalent in minority populations and socially disadvantaged communities. Contributions by recognized scholars and leaders in the field—featuring contemporary research, conceptual models, and a broad range of scientific perspectives—provide an interdisciplinary approach to reducing inequalities in population health, encouraging community engagement in the research process, and promoting social justice. In-depth chapters help readers better understand the specifics of minority health and health disparities while demonstrating the importance of advancing theory, refining measurement, improving investigative methods, and diversifying scientific research. In 26 chapters, the book examines topics including the etiology of health disparities research, the determinants of population health, research ethics, and research in African American, Asians, Latino, American Indian, and other vulnerable populations. Providing a unified framework on the principles and applications of the science of health disparities research, this important volume: Defines the field of health disparities science and suggests new directions in scholarship and research Explains basic definitions, principles, and concepts for identifying, understanding and addressing health disparities Provides guidance on both conducting health disparities research and translating the results Examines how social, historical and contemporary injustices may influence the health of racial and ethnic minorities Illustrates the increasing national and global importance of addressing health disparities Discusses population health training, capacity-building, and the transdisciplinary tools needed to advance health equity A significant contribution to the field, The Science of Health Disparities Research is an essential resource for students and basic and clinical researchers in genetics, population genetics, and public health, health care policymakers, and epidemiologists, medical students, and clinicians, particularly those working with minority, vulnerable, or underserved populations.
Author: Toshikazu Yoshikawa
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3805590970
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
Food factors are considered to be critical for human health promotion and play an important role in the prevention of life-style related diseases. One of the major challenges in this context is to determine the multiple factors associated with the causes of these diseases, as well as to develop a method of detecting changes in the initial stage and to establish a diagnostic approach that can be used in prevention studies of food factors.This publication features chapters on genomics, proteomics, bioavailability and safety, antioxidants, life-style related diseases and on chemoprevention and cancer. Basic scientists with a focus on food factors, clinicians planning a prospective preventive study of food factors in life-style-related diseases, as well as company researchers studying health promotional effects of food or food ingredients will find a wealth of information in this book.
Author: Sujit Kumar Bhutia
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811569304
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
This book deals with the paradoxical role of autophagy in tumor suppression and tumor promotion in cancer cells. Autophagy plays opposing, context-dependent roles in tumors; accordingly, strategies based on inhibiting or stimulating autophagy could offer as potential cancer therapies. The book elucidates the physiological role of autophagy in modulating cancer metastasis, which is the primary cause of cancer-associated mortality. Further, it reviews its role in the differentiation, development, and activation of multiple immune cells, and its potential applications in tumor immunotherapy. In addition, it examines the effect of epigenetic modifications of autophagy-associated genes in regulating tumor growth and therapeutic response and summarizes autophagy’s role in the development of resistance to a variety of anti-cancer drugs in cancer cells. In closing, it assesses autophagy as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable asset for all oncologists and researchers who wish to understand the potential role of autophagy in tumor biology.
Author: Hubertus Himmerich
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1839625422
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 333
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Book Description
Weight management is a multi- and cross-disciplinary challenge. This book covers many etiological and diagnostic aspects of weight-related disorders and their treatment. This book explains how body weight influences and is influenced by the brain, hormones and immune system, diet, physical activity, posture and gait, and the social environment. This book also elucidates the health consequences of significantly low or pathologically increased body weight. Furthermore, ideas on how to influence and manage body weight including anti-obesity medical devices, diet counselling, artificial sweeteners, prebiotics and probiotics, proanthocyanidins, bariatric surgery, microbiota transplantation, warming, physical exercise, music and psychological therapy are discussed.
