Ecuador Poverty Report: Working Papers PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Poverty
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Poverty
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821336656
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
"Valuable report based on the Ecuador Living Standard Measurement Survey (1994). Uses total consumption expenditures. Provides a baseline reference for future work. Contrast with INEC's basic needs survey (item #bi 97002637#)"--Handbook of Latin AmericanStudies, v. 57.
Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Weltbank
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Ecuador's poor economic performance is not solely nor mainly the result of high volatility, but rather the result of poor economic management and, especially, weak productivity growth. This connection between productivity and economic growth has become even more relevant in recent years, after Ecuador decided to adopt the US dollar as the national currency in 2000, hence forgoing the option of using exchange rate policy to generate temporary increases in competitiveness and growth. Although the decision to dollarize undoubtedly improved the investment climate, reassured potential investors and hence, potentially increased the capacity of the economy to create employment and reduce poverty, sustained increases in productivity will be required to maintain positive growth rates and declining poverty rates in the future. As a consequence, the focus of this report is on productivity growth and its effect on employment, income and, most importantly, poverty. The report pays special attention to the relationship between poverty and the productive sectors, both from a macroeconomic and a microeconomic point of view, and both in urban and rural areas. In following this approach, it not only complements the previous Ecuador Poverty Assessment (World Bank, 2000c), which focused mainly on poverty and social services, but also provides important insights regarding the relationship between economic growth, productivity and employment generation on the one hand, and poverty reduction on the other. Moreover, in thinking about poverty, the report concentrates on monetary, rather than on non- monetary aspects of well-being, since it is the former that appears to be more intimately linked to the evolution of GDP and productivity growth and, hence, has exhibited little improvement over the past years - namely, while social outcomes and access to basic services in Ecuador have improved slowly but continuously since 1980, the national consumption-based poverty rate increased from 40 to 45 percent between 1990 and 2001, as discussed below, with much larger increases in urban areas. . Finally, the report makes use of a variety of sources, both quantitative and qualitative, as well as of existing work in order to provide policy recommendations that will help Ecuador and its government design an effective poverty reduction strategy based on economic and productivity growth.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Poverty
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Author: Sara A. Wong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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This research quantifies the effects on poverty in Ecuador of bilateral trade liberalization with the U.S. and fiscal changes (value added tax and direct taxes) which seek to compensate tariff revenue losses, so that the government deficit remains constant. This is a very important issue for Ecuador because it adopted the U.S. dollar as its currency in 2000, forgoing the use of monetary and exchange rate policy instruments. This paper highlights labor market effects and fiscal policies as the main mechanisms through which trade impacts poverty. The paper combines a reduced-form micro household income and occupational choice model (using the 2005/6 Ecuadorian household survey) with a standard single-country computable general equilibrium model (employing a 2004 Social Accounting Matrix). A sequential approach that simulates the full income and distributional impact of trade and tax policies is followed. The impact of these policy changes on the economy is small. Indigence and in- come distribution effects are small but positive. There are mixed results on poverty. The best poverty reduction outcomes are attained when only direct taxes are used for making up tariff revenue losses and the worst when a flat VAT rate is employed, including the elimination of current VAT exemptions (mostly for agricultural goods). A key contribution of this research is to illustrate the significance for poverty of policy choices available to the government.
Author: Christopher B. Barrett
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022657430X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 425
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Book Description
What circumstances or behaviors turn poverty into a cycle that perpetuates across generations? The answer to this question carries especially important implications for the design and evaluation of policies and projects intended to reduce poverty. Yet a major challenge analysts and policymakers face in understanding poverty traps is the sheer number of mechanisms—not just financial, but also environmental, physical, and psychological—that may contribute to the persistence of poverty all over the world. The research in this volume explores the hypothesis that poverty is self-reinforcing because the equilibrium behaviors of the poor perpetuate low standards of living. Contributions explore the dynamic, complex processes by which households accumulate assets and increase their productivity and earnings potential, as well as the conditions under which some individuals, groups, and economies struggle to escape poverty. Investigating the full range of phenomena that combine to generate poverty traps—gleaned from behavioral, health, and resource economics as well as the sociology, psychology, and environmental literatures—chapters in this volume also present new evidence that highlights both the insights and the limits of a poverty trap lens. The framework introduced in this volume provides a robust platform for studying well-being dynamics in developing economies.
Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821362569
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 283
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Book Description
This publication reviews Ecuador's fiscal management and public expenditure policies in the context of its development and poverty reduction goals. Findings include that the country's impressive fiscal performance of 2003 is encouraging but fragile, as several structural bottlenecks could impede fiscal discipline and recovery. Reversing poverty trends is critical for the country's stability, and this can only be achieved with well-targeted, effective and efficient pro-poor programmes.
Author: Gillette H. Hall
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107379717
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 425
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Book Description
This book documents poverty systematically for the world's indigenous peoples in developing regions in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The volume compiles results for roughly 85 percent of the world's indigenous peoples. It draws on nationally representative data to compare trends in countries' poverty rates and other social indicators with those for indigenous sub-populations and provides comparable data for a wide range of countries all over the world. It estimates global poverty numbers and analyzes other important development indicators, such as schooling, health and social protection. Provocatively, the results show a marked difference in results across regions, with rapid poverty reduction among indigenous (and non-indigenous) populations in Asia contrasting with relative stagnation - and in some cases falling back - in Latin America and Africa.
Author: Caroline O.N. Moser
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 0815704208
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 401
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Book Description
Fifty years after Oscar Lewis's famous depiction of five Mexican families caught in a "culture of poverty," Caroline Moser tells a very different story of five neighborhood women and their families strategically accumulating assets to escape poverty in the Ecuadoran city of Guayaquil. In Ordinary Families, Extraordinary Lives, Moser shows how a more sophisticated understanding of the complexities of asset accumulation as well as poverty itself can help counter inaccurate stereotypes about global poverty. It provides invaluable insight into strategies that may help people in developing countries improve their wellbeing. The similar socioeconomic characteristics and economic circumstances of the Guayaquil families in 1978, when Moser began her research, set the stage for a natural experiment. By 2004, these circumstances varied widely. Moser captures the causes and consequences of these developments through economic data, anthropological narrative, and personal photos. She then places this compelling story within the broader context of political, economic, and spatial changes in Guayaquil and Ecuador. Moser describes how households in a Third World urban slum relentlessly and systematically fought to accumulate human, social, and financial capital assets. Her longitudinal account of their odyssey captures long-term trends and changes in perception that are missed in snapshot assessments. Chapters in this holistic story cover diverse issues such as housing and infrastructure, community mobilization and political negotiation, employment, family dynamics, violence, and emigration.
