Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251377154
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
This working paper is the update of an earlier cross-country study on household income sources using an expanded harmonized dataset. The analysis presented covers a total of 93 surveys representing 41 countries – nearly double that of the previous study – to depict rural and urban households’ livelihood strategies across different levels of economic development. The findings shed light on the relationship between household livelihood activity portfolios and per capita gross domestic product, confirming a picture of multiple livelihood activities across the rural and urban space, at different levels of development. However, we find an emerging divergence between countries from sub-Saharan Africa and those from the rest of the world regarding employment and income generation.
Author: Roehlano Briones
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This paper examines the transformation and diversification of the rural economy in Asia, focusing on the role and importance of the rural non-farm economy and employment in economic transformation and related diversification of employment and income opportunities for rural communities. Looking at the linkages across sectors (agriculture and others) and across regions (urban and rural), the paper stresses the role of agriculture and urban centers as key drivers of the rural non-farm economy. It considers strategic directions to be pursued to leverage diversification opportunities for rural economies to reduce rural poverty and inequality.
Author: Lire Ersado
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Income
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
"The author examines, taking into account the urban-rural divides, the changes and welfare implications of income diversification in Zimbabwe following macroeconomic policy changes and droughts of the early 1990s. Data from two comparable national income, consumption and expenditure surveys in 1990-91 and 1995-96, which straddled a period of economic volatility and natural disasters, show that the percentage of households earning income from private and informal sources grew considerably, while that from government and formal sources declined in the aftermath of the drought and policy changes. The author finds that, in general, rural households tend to have a more diversified portfolio of income compared with their urban counterparts, and the degree of diversification decreases with the level of urbanization. However, there are important differences in the level of diversification within the rural and urban areas depending on wealth: While the relatively better-off households have a more diversified income base in rural areas, it is the poor who pursue multiple income sources in urban areas. A decomposition of changes in welfare indicates that the total contribution of income diversification is large and increased between 1990-91 and 1995-96 in both urban and rural areas. On the other hand, there were significant declines in returns to human and physical capital assets during the same period. The findings suggest that households with a more diversified income base are better able to withstand the unfavorable impacts of the policy and weather shocks. The fact that relatively better-off households have a more diversified income base following the shocks implies that the poor are more vulnerable to economic changes unaccompanied by well-designed safety nets. "--World Bank web site.
Author: John A. Dixon
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9789251046272
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 424
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Book Description
A joint FAO and World Bank study which shows how the farming systems approach can be used to identify priorities for the reduction of hunger and poverty in the main farming systems of the six major developing regions of the world.
Author: Bruno Losch
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821395122
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 307
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Book Description
"This final report was prepared by Bruno Losch, Sandrine Fraeguin-Gresh and Eric White (World Bank), with contributions of Thierry Giordano and Jean-Franocois Baeliaeres (Cirad). It was peer-reviewed by Derek Byerlee, Don Larson (World Bank), and Andrae Pouilles-Duplaix (AFD). The report draws extensively on two sets of seven country reports and data work developed by the national teams during the two phases of the RuralStruc Program."
Author: Roehlano Mariano Briones
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789290727941
Category : Diversification in industry
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
"This paper seeks to analyse the transformation and diversification of the rural economy in Asia, focusing on the implications for income and employment opportunities for rural communities. Rural non-farm employment is a sizeable component of rural employment, tends to concentrate in services, and over time has grown more quickly than agricultural demployment. Non-farm income accounts for a significant share of rural household incomes. This paper suggests a role for a cluster-based industrial policy to further support the rapid expansion of rural non-farm employment. In some areas, this will be composed of rural industries; services will nonetheless continue to comprise the bulk of the rural non-farm economy, drawing its impetus primarily from interaction with existing or emerging urban centres."--Page 4.
Author: Schmidt, Emily
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 23
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Book Description
The Government of Rwanda continues to work to accelerate structural transformation to expand and diversify the country’s economy. High rural population density and small agricultural landholdings are driving workers from agricultural households to seek employment outside of farming. Using representative data on agricultural production and employment for rural households in Rwanda from 2022, this research evaluates the opportunities rural households have to diversify their labor portfolios. We find that, rather than nonfarm household enterprises developing to meet greater rural service and goods demand, agriculture wage labor is the dominant source of off-own-farm employment. However, such informal agricultural wage labor is seen as low-productivity work and is among the lowest paid. Among nonfarm employment options, nonfarm businesses generate less income than nonagricultural wage labor, likely reflecting high barriers to entrepreneurship and low demand for off-farm services in rural areas. In contrast to employment profiles from other low-income countries, we find that the probability of a worker from an agricultural household in Rwanda engaging in rural, off-farm wage labor decreases as household welfare increases. Agricultural households that have workers seeking to hire out their labor tend to have the smallest landholdings, while households that hire in labor have the largest landholdings. Additionally, households with a higher share of members who completed primary education are less likely to hire out their labor, especially for agriculture wage work. These results suggest that programs that offer support services to agricultural households, such as financial services and affordable and relevant education, may be important in incentivizing these households to engage in entrepreneurship and form their own businesses or to seek wage employment in more remunerative sectors than agriculture.
Author: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
The socio-economic development of rural areas has become an important issue for agricultural policy design in many OECD countries. Yet there is still a lack of comprehensive analysis of the inter-linkages between the agro-food sector and the rural economy. What consequences have ongoing structural changes in agriculture have for rural areas? What is the role of agricultural policies? This report, comprising a main report and case studies on Canada, France, Greece, Japan, New Zealand, Norway and Switzerland, addresses these questions. How to strike the right balance between the need for greater economic efficiency, and social and environmental concerns in rural areas is a key challenge facing policy makers.
Author: Gudrun Kochendörfer-Lucius
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821371282
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 245
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Book Description
The book highlights proceedings from the Berlin 2008: Agriculture and Development conference held in preparation for the World Development Report 2008.
Author: Prabhu Pingali
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030144097
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Book Description
This open access book examines the interactions between India’s economic development, agricultural production, and nutrition through the lens of a “Food Systems Approach (FSA).” The Indian growth story is a paradoxical one. Despite economic progress over the past two decades, regional inequality, food insecurity and malnutrition problems persist. Simultaneously, recent trends in obesity along with micro-nutrient deficiency portend to a future public health crisis. This book explores various challenges and opportunities to achieve a nutrition-secure future through diversified production systems, improved health and hygiene environment and greater individual capability to access a balanced diet contributing to an increase in overall productivity. The authors bring together the latest data and scientific evidence from the country to map out the current state of food systems and nutrition outcomes. They place India within the context of other developing country experiences and highlight India’s status as an outlier in terms of the persistence of high levels of stunting while following global trends in obesity. This book discusses the policy and institutional interventions needed for promoting a nutrition-sensitive food system and the multi-sectoral strategies needed for simultaneously addressing the triple burden of malnutrition in India.
