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Author: Xiyi Yang
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781361014004
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This dissertation, "Economic Analysis of Industrial Clustering in China" by Xiyi, Yang, 杨锡怡, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: One of the most striking developments during China's economic reforms is the emergence of specialized industrial clusters in rural towns and villages with each contributing to a substantial share of the global product market. Different from the concepts of "clustering" or "geographical agglomeration" defined in existing studies, these clusters are developed under the unique institutional constraints to factor mobility and to entrepreneurship in China. Given the shortcomings of existing measurements, I construct an original measure of clustering which indeed can capture the major features from the reality. Based on this measurement, by using a combination of firm-level and county-level datasets from 1998-2007, I systematically test the economic impacts of clustering on regional growth and inequality, and on firm innovation and exporting. Along with the record-breaking growth, income inequality in China has increased so rapidly that China has become one of the most unequal economies in the world. How the development of clusters interacts with local economic growth and inequality, however, is unknown in the literature. Based on panel estimations, I find that industrial clusters, especially strong clusters or those with a more developed non-state sector, can enhance local economic and employment growth. More importantly, the higher growth does not lead to enlarged income inequality. Instead, counties with clusters consisting of a more developed non-state sector will have a substantially lower urban-rural inequality, driven by the increased income of local rural residents. The results stay robust after addressing the endogeneity issues by thepropensity score matching approach and the instrumental variable (IV) regression approach. On the other hand, though China has long been the factory floor that churns out popular gadgets for companies world-wide, the country's own technology were rarely viewed as leading edge. However, agrowing literature has pointed to the existence of distinctforms of industrial innovationin China that usually involvethe redefinition of existing technologies and the commercialization of new inventions.Given that a large proportion of the country's manufacturing is concentrated within these specialized industrial clusters, how this clustering environment interacts with industrial innovation and exporting of firms is an important but unanswered question. Using a combination of data from the State Intellectual Property Office Patent Database and the Chinese Manufacturing Firm Survey Database, I find that firms within industrial clusters are more likely to generate patent and this effect is amplified if there is a higher density of firms within the cluster, or if there are state-owned enterprises operating in the cluster. Moreover, firms located in industrial clusters will have a higher probability of exporting, especially if there are more private firms or foreign-invested firms within the clusters. Moreover, this effect of clustering on export is likely to operate through the channel of improved firm productivity. Finally, I use instrument variable regression to address the identification issue and establish causality between clustering and improved firm productivity. Subjects: Industrial clusters - China
Author: Xiyi Yang
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781361014004
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
This dissertation, "Economic Analysis of Industrial Clustering in China" by Xiyi, Yang, 杨锡怡, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: One of the most striking developments during China's economic reforms is the emergence of specialized industrial clusters in rural towns and villages with each contributing to a substantial share of the global product market. Different from the concepts of "clustering" or "geographical agglomeration" defined in existing studies, these clusters are developed under the unique institutional constraints to factor mobility and to entrepreneurship in China. Given the shortcomings of existing measurements, I construct an original measure of clustering which indeed can capture the major features from the reality. Based on this measurement, by using a combination of firm-level and county-level datasets from 1998-2007, I systematically test the economic impacts of clustering on regional growth and inequality, and on firm innovation and exporting. Along with the record-breaking growth, income inequality in China has increased so rapidly that China has become one of the most unequal economies in the world. How the development of clusters interacts with local economic growth and inequality, however, is unknown in the literature. Based on panel estimations, I find that industrial clusters, especially strong clusters or those with a more developed non-state sector, can enhance local economic and employment growth. More importantly, the higher growth does not lead to enlarged income inequality. Instead, counties with clusters consisting of a more developed non-state sector will have a substantially lower urban-rural inequality, driven by the increased income of local rural residents. The results stay robust after addressing the endogeneity issues by thepropensity score matching approach and the instrumental variable (IV) regression approach. On the other hand, though China has long been the factory floor that churns out popular gadgets for companies world-wide, the country's own technology were rarely viewed as leading edge. However, agrowing literature has pointed to the existence of distinctforms of industrial innovationin China that usually involvethe redefinition of existing technologies and the commercialization of new inventions.Given that a large proportion of the country's manufacturing is concentrated within these specialized industrial clusters, how this clustering environment interacts with industrial innovation and exporting of firms is an important but unanswered question. Using a combination of data from the State Intellectual Property Office Patent Database and the Chinese Manufacturing Firm Survey Database, I find that firms within industrial clusters are more likely to generate patent and this effect is amplified if there is a higher density of firms within the cluster, or if there are state-owned enterprises operating in the cluster. Moreover, firms located in industrial clusters will have a higher probability of exporting, especially if there are more private firms or foreign-invested firms within the clusters. Moreover, this effect of clustering on export is likely to operate through the channel of improved firm productivity. Finally, I use instrument variable regression to address the identification issue and establish causality between clustering and improved firm productivity. Subjects: Industrial clusters - China
Author: 杨锡怡
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Industrial clusters
Languages : en
Pages : 123
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Author: Zhu Yingming
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 142008920X
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 245
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Taking a close look at the national economic system of China, this book defines industrial clusters, then summarizes their measurement indices and identifies their methods. The author identifies 11 industrial clusters and analyses their structural relationships. He studies the relationships between structures and characters of industrial clusters u
Author: Cheryl Long, Xiaobo Zhang
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Author: Pontus Braunerhjelm
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191525839
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
Clusters - regional concentrations of related firms and organizations - are seen as being an important element of economic growth and innovation. But there is little understanding of how clusters come into existence, and little guidance provided on the role of policies that are conducive to the formation of clusters. Cluster Genesis focuses on these early origins of clusters. The case histories of well-known, established clusters, as well as more recently-developed clusters are discussed, including: · The Hollywood motion picture cluster, · Silicon Valley, · Boston and San Francisco biotech regions, · The Biotech industry in China, · Medicon Valley in Scandinavia, · The Irish ITC sector. Leading scholars contribute chapters examining cluster genesis, the divergent processes by which clusters arise, how multinationals contribute to cluster development, and how economic development policy may promote or hinder cluster genesis. Cluster Genesis uses a variety of methodological perspectives, examines a range of policy options, and draws on a number of rich case histories, and will be key reading for academics, researchers, and students of Economics, Innovation, Sociology, Geography, and Management Studies, as well as economic development officials and policy makers.
Author: Saša Šarić
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3834935549
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Book Description
The world over, clusters are home to leading firms and institutions that compete on the edge of technology. They can be found in developed and developing countries alike and comprise such famous ones as Silicon Valley, London ‟s financial center, ceramic tile and fashion in north Italy, wine in Bordeaux, automotive in Stuttgart and Munich, software in Bangalore, and manufacturing in China ‟s Pearl-river delta. Today they are studied by a variety of scholars from different fields including economists, social scientists, and strategists, but also by a growing number of business practitioners and policy makers.3 As a result, knowledge on the capacity of clusters to promote regional economic development and national prosperity and the role of local industrial policy in creating new clusters has increased rapidly in recent years The present research is best described as being exploratory in nature. It elaborates and extends existing theory. By doing so, it takes up a distinct position within scientific theory that is defined by three levels of analysis: (1) the meta-methodological level, (2) the methodological level, and (3) the theoretical level.
Author: Bei Zhao
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
ISBN: 9781374727328
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
This dissertation, "Embeddedness and Competitiveness: Regional Clusters in China" by Bei, Zhao, 趙蓓, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: ABSTRACT Embeddedness and Competitiveness: Regional Clusters in China Submitted by Bei Zhao For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong in October, 2003. Research on regional clusters in the past few decades has suggested that geographic concentration and local embeddedness can enhance competitiveness. Economic embeddedness is believed to have a direct impact on competitiveness by reducing total costs and improving efficiency and profitability. Institutional embeddedness is believed to result in multidimensional inter-firm network formation and joint problem solving. Social embeddedness nurtures trust and may be beneficial for more elaborate coordination among the firms and institutions. It is therefore not surprising to find industrial clusters throughout industries and nations. Clustering is not only the natural state for many industries, but has also in many cases been deliberately fostered as a matter of government policy. Despite the assumptions in the literature, the hypothesis that embeddedness enhances competitiveness has never been systematically examined, and no attempt has been made to measure economic, institutional or social embeddedness. This thesis attempts to test the claims that have been made for embeddedness both qualitatively with case studies and quantitatively with data at the company level. It attempts to develop workable measurements of embeddedness in each of its three dimensions. The data used in this study were derived from field research in China, where a planned economy has given way to a more market-oriented economy and the emphasis has shifted from egalitarian distribution to efficiency. Aggregate data analysis shows that the clustering of industries in China increased as a result of changing industrial policies and the introduction of the market mechanism. A high concentration of some industries developed in the coastal provinces. This was mainly because the central and local authorities opened up the economy along the coastal areas, and lured firms with incentives and promises of operational freedom, but the particular factor advantages in the coastal areas were also relevant. In-depth field investigations in Jinjiang have shown that several regional clusters have developed since the reform process began, and that economic, institutional, and social embeddedness have deepened both naturally and as a result of deliberate local government stimulation. An econometric analysis of the footwear and clothing industries has suggested that economic and institutional embeddedness have a positive impact on firm performance, while the influence of social embeddedness is less easy to discern. ii DOI: 10.5353/th_b2987215 Subjects: Industrial concentration - China - Fujian Sheng Industrial policy - China Industrial efficiency - China
Author: Di Guo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : China
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Book Description
This study examines the effects of China's industrial clusters on its economic growth and urban-rural income inequality. A density-based index (DBI) is developed to capture the unique features of such clusters in China. From a county-level DBI panel data constructed based on firm-level and county-level datasets, we find that strong clusters and entrepreneurial clusters substantially enhance economic growth. Moreover, entrepreneurial clusters reduce urban-rural income inequality by increasing the income of rural residents. Identification issues are carefully addressed by deploying an instrumental variable approach.
Author: Branko Milanovi?
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Equality
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Book Description
"Inequality in world income is very high, according to household surveys, more because of differences between mean country incomes than because of inequality within countries. World inequality increased between 1988 and 1993, driven by slower growth in rural per capita incomes in populous Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, and India) than in large, rich OECD countries, and by increasing income differences between urban China on the one hand and rural China and rural India on the other"--Cover.
Author: Tao Meng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
What is missing in the literature on industrial clusters is the quantitative and empirical statement of the network structure of industrial cluster. In order to further the research of the structure of cooperative and coordinated relations among all kinds of organizations in cluster, the paper presents a research design which employs some quantitative measures and mapping tools from the theory of social network analysis. Using the cluster of electrical equipment and component manufacturing cluster in Liu Shi town, Yue Qing city in Zhe Jiang province in China as a practical example, the paper maps and measures the network structure of this cluster and discusses the disequilibrium and variability are important structure properties of interfirm networks. The research also presents the interaction and integration of social network and economic network in the typical Chinese industrial clusters.