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Author: Joseph Dumit
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
By showing us the human brain at work, PET (positron emission tomography) scans are subtly--and sometimes not so subtly--transforming how we think about our minds. Picturing Personhood follows this remarkable and expensive technology from the laboratory into the world and back. It examines how PET scans are created and how they are being called on to answer myriad questions with far-reaching implications: Is depression an observable brain disease? Are criminals insane? Do men and women think differently? Is rationality a function of the brain? Based on interviews, media analysis, and participant observation at research labs and conferences, Joseph Dumit analyzes how assumptions designed into and read out of the experimental process reinforce specific notions about human nature. Such assumptions can enter the process at any turn, from selecting subjects and mathematical models to deciding which images to publish and how to color them. Once they leave the laboratory, PET scans shape social debates, influence courtroom outcomes, and have positive and negative consequences for people suffering mental illness. Dumit follows this complex story, demonstrating how brain scans, as scientific objects, contribute to our increasing social dependence on scientific authority. The first book to examine the cultural ramifications of brain-imaging technology, Picturing Personhood is an unprecedented study that will influence both cultural studies and the growing field of science and technology studies.
Author: Joseph Dumit
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
By showing us the human brain at work, PET (positron emission tomography) scans are subtly--and sometimes not so subtly--transforming how we think about our minds. Picturing Personhood follows this remarkable and expensive technology from the laboratory into the world and back. It examines how PET scans are created and how they are being called on to answer myriad questions with far-reaching implications: Is depression an observable brain disease? Are criminals insane? Do men and women think differently? Is rationality a function of the brain? Based on interviews, media analysis, and participant observation at research labs and conferences, Joseph Dumit analyzes how assumptions designed into and read out of the experimental process reinforce specific notions about human nature. Such assumptions can enter the process at any turn, from selecting subjects and mathematical models to deciding which images to publish and how to color them. Once they leave the laboratory, PET scans shape social debates, influence courtroom outcomes, and have positive and negative consequences for people suffering mental illness. Dumit follows this complex story, demonstrating how brain scans, as scientific objects, contribute to our increasing social dependence on scientific authority. The first book to examine the cultural ramifications of brain-imaging technology, Picturing Personhood is an unprecedented study that will influence both cultural studies and the growing field of science and technology studies.
Author: Денис Сивков
Publisher: Litres
ISBN: 5040067003
Category : Social Science
Languages : ru
Pages : 11
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Book Description
Одной из важнейших тем в исследованиях биомедицинских технологий является проблема репрезентации. В позитивистской модели науки считалось, что научные репрезентации выражают состояние дел в природе, отражают саму природу и истину. Различные репрезентации являются всего лишь «метками» и / или «иллюстрациями» и в этом смысле не обладают самостоятельным существованием. В 70‐х и 80‐х годах ХХ века в этнографических исследованиях естественнонаучных лабораторий было показано, что ученые не имеют дело непосредственно с природой, а работают с многочисленными репрезентациями, которые зачастую выдаются за природу. В ставшей уже классической работе «Лабораторная жизнь» Бруно Латур и Стив Вулгар открыли: то, что называется научными фактами, представляет собой различного рода записи [Latour, 1986]. «Физический процесс» или «вещество» проявляется или делается видимым, а на деле конструируется в лаборатории в виде репрезентаций. В дальнейшем в исследованиях науки и технологий (STS) рассматривались различные аспекты, связанные с репрезентацией, визуализацией и математизацией в науке и технологии [Coopmans, Vertesi, Lynch, Woolgar, 2014].
Author: Chiara Ambrosio
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128142588
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 343
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Book Description
Progress in Brain Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Progress of Brain Research series Updated release includes the latest information on the Imagining the Brain: Episodes in the Visual History of Brain Research
Author: Franklin G. Miller
Publisher: OUP USA
ISBN: 019973917X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
This book challenges conventional medical ethics by exposing the inconsistency between the reality of end-of-life practices and established ethical justifications of them.
Author: Jean Decety
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199711828
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The complexities of the brain and nervous system make neuroscience an inherently interdisciplinary pursuit, one that comprises disparate basic, clinical, and applied disciplines. Behavioral neuroscientists approach the brain and nervous system as instruments of sensation and response; cognitive neuroscientists view the same systems as a solitary computer with a focus on representations and processes. The Oxford Handbook of Social Neuroscience marks the emergence of a third broad perspective in this field. Social neuroscience emphasizes the functions that emerge through the coaction and interaction of conspecifics, the neural mechanisms that underlie these functions, and the commonality and differences across social species and superorganismal structures. With an emphasis on the neural, hormonal, cellular, and genetic mechanisms underlying social behavior, social neuroscience places emphasis on the associations and influences between social and biological levels of organization. This complex interdisciplinary perspective demands theoretical, methodological, statistical, and inferential rigor to effectively integrate basic, clinical, and applied perspectives on the nervous system and brain. Reflecting the diverse perspectives that make up this field, The Oxford Handbook of Social Neuroscience brings together perspectives from across the sciences in one authoritative volume.
Author: Nicola Mößner
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1351966448
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
This collection offers a new understanding of the epistemology of measurement. The interdisciplinary volume explores how measurements are produced, for example, in astronomy and seismology, in studies of human sexuality and ecology, in brain imaging and intelligence testing. It considers photography as a measurement technology and Henry David Thoreau's poetic measures as closing the gap between mind and world. By focusing on measurements as the hard-won results of conceptual as well as technical operations, the authors of the book no longer presuppose that measurement is always and exclusively a means of representing some feature of a target object or entity. Measurement also provides knowledge about the degree to which things have been standardized or harmonized – it is an indicator of how closely human practices are attuned to each other and the world.
Author: Jonna Brenninkmeijer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137533862
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 169
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Book Description
Taking care of oneself is increasingly interpreted as taking care of one’s brain. Apart from pills, books, food, and games for a better brain, people can also use neurotechnologies for self-improvement. This book explores how the use of brain devices to understand or improve the self changes people’s subjectivity. This book describes how the effects of several brain devices were and are demonstrated; how brains and selves interact in the work of early brainwave scientists and contemporary practitioners; how users of neurofeedback (brainwave training) constitute a new mode of self that is extended with a brain and various other (physiological, psychological, material, and sometimes spiritual) entities, and; how clients, practitioners and other actors (computers, brain maps, brainwaves) perform a dance of agency during the neurofeedback process. Through these topics, Jonna Brenninkmeijer provides a historical, ethnographical, and theoretical exploration of the mode of being that is constituted when people use a brain device to improve themselves.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128125586
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
Vital Models: The Making and Use of Models in the Brain Sciences, Volume 233, a new volume in the Progress of Brain Research series, explores the history and use of 3D models of the brain in research and teaching, the development of digital models and simulations of the brain and the development and use of animal models. New to this volume are chapters on the Epistemic virtues of visualization: The Living Brain Revisited, Slicing the Cortex to Study Mental Illness: Alois Alzheimer’s Pictures of Equivalence, and Opaque Models: Using Drugs and Dreams to Explore the Neurobiological Basis of Mental Phenomena. This timely volume helps both scientists and students better understand the variety, strengths, weaknesses and applicability of models in neuroscience and psychiatry. Presents a timely update on the topic of brain research and modeling techniques Contains sections from true authorities in the field
Author: Ross B. Emmett
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN: 184855656X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 342
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Book Description
Contains refereed articles on constrasting relational conceptions of the individual in economics. This book also covers the development of Adam Smith's style of lecturing; a comparison of problems encountered in the historian's work as editor, based upon editing Harrod's papers and Haberler's "Prosperity and Depression".
Author: Neil Carrier
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000895556
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
From khat to kava to ketamine, drugs are constitutive parts of cultures, identities, economies and livelihoods. This much-needed book is a clear introduction to the anthropology of drugs, providing a cutting-edge and accessible overview of the topic. The authors examine and assess the following key topics: How drugs feature in anthropology and the work of anthropologists and the general role of drugs in society Comparison between biochemical and pharmacological approaches to drugs and bio-socio-cultural models of understanding drugs Evolutionary origins of psychotropic drug sensitivity and archaeological evidence for the spread of psychoactive substances in pre-history Drugs in spiritual and religions contexts, considering their role in altered states of consciousness, divination and healing Stimulant drugs and the ambivalence with which they are treated in society Addiction and dependency Drug economies, livelihoods and the production and distribution segments of drug commodity chains Drug policies and drug wars Drugs, race and gender The future of the study of drugs and anthropological professional engagements with solving drug problems With the inclusion of chapter summaries and many examples, further reading and case studies – including drug tourism, drug industries in the Philippines and Mexico, Afghanistan and the ‘Golden Triangle’ and the opioid crisis in North America – The Anthropology of Drugs is an ideal introduction for those coming to the topic for the first time, and also for those working in the professional and health sectors. It will be of interest to students of anthropology and to those in related disciplines including sociology, psychology, health studies and religion.
