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Author: Ulrike Messbacher
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638449475
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
Essay from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1, University of Applied Sciences Kempten (University of Ulster), language: English, abstract: In accordance with the Signalling model by Ross (1977) an increase in gearing represents, in term of a company’s prospective cash flows, a positive signal to external investors. Because, due to the higher risk of financial distress, companies with less optimistic market prospective tend to avoid additional financial obligations. This implies that an increasing indebtedness means a higher quality of business and therefore better valuation. This leads, in turn, to the assumption that the corporate management can influence a firm’s value by changing its capital structure. If capital structure can affect value, how can firms identify an optimal capital structure and what will it look like? It is that mix of debt and equity that maximises the value of a firm and, at the same time, minimise overall cost of capital. In their seminal article, published in 1958 and 1963, Modigliani and Miller argue that under certain assumptions the value of a firm i s independent of its capital structure, but with tax-deductible interest payments, they are positively related. Moreover, there are other approaches with partly contradictory perceptions. For instance, Myers (1998, cited in Fairchild 2003, p.6) argues that there is no universal optimal mix of debt and equity; in fact it depends on firms or industries, and therefore should be considered on a case-by-case basis. Other researchers have added market imperfections, such as bankruptcy costs, agency costs, and gains from leverage- induced tax shields to the analysis and have maintained that an optimal capital structure may exist (Hatfieldet al.1994, p.1). First, this paper shows the basic determinants of a firm’s value in association with the impact of financial leverage on payoffs to stockholders. Secondly, it considers some arguments of capital structure theories, particularly the Modigliani and Miller theorem and the Traditional approach and contrasts them. Finally, the underlying factors of the model assumptions are examined and shown that they are important in the choice of a firm’s debt-equity ratio.
Author: Ulrike Messbacher
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638449475
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
Essay from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1, University of Applied Sciences Kempten (University of Ulster), language: English, abstract: In accordance with the Signalling model by Ross (1977) an increase in gearing represents, in term of a company’s prospective cash flows, a positive signal to external investors. Because, due to the higher risk of financial distress, companies with less optimistic market prospective tend to avoid additional financial obligations. This implies that an increasing indebtedness means a higher quality of business and therefore better valuation. This leads, in turn, to the assumption that the corporate management can influence a firm’s value by changing its capital structure. If capital structure can affect value, how can firms identify an optimal capital structure and what will it look like? It is that mix of debt and equity that maximises the value of a firm and, at the same time, minimise overall cost of capital. In their seminal article, published in 1958 and 1963, Modigliani and Miller argue that under certain assumptions the value of a firm i s independent of its capital structure, but with tax-deductible interest payments, they are positively related. Moreover, there are other approaches with partly contradictory perceptions. For instance, Myers (1998, cited in Fairchild 2003, p.6) argues that there is no universal optimal mix of debt and equity; in fact it depends on firms or industries, and therefore should be considered on a case-by-case basis. Other researchers have added market imperfections, such as bankruptcy costs, agency costs, and gains from leverage- induced tax shields to the analysis and have maintained that an optimal capital structure may exist (Hatfieldet al.1994, p.1). First, this paper shows the basic determinants of a firm’s value in association with the impact of financial leverage on payoffs to stockholders. Secondly, it considers some arguments of capital structure theories, particularly the Modigliani and Miller theorem and the Traditional approach and contrasts them. Finally, the underlying factors of the model assumptions are examined and shown that they are important in the choice of a firm’s debt-equity ratio.
Author: Arvin Ghosh
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351530178
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Capital structure theory is one of the most dynamic areas of finance and forms the basis for modern thinking on the capital structure of firms. Much controversy has resulted from comparisons of the theory of capital structure originally developed by Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller to real-world situations. Two competing theories have emerged over the years, the optimal capital structure theory and the pecking order theory.Arvin Ghosh begins with an overview of the controversies regarding capital structure theories, and then statistically tests both the optimal capital structure and pecking order theories. Using the binomial approach he analyzes the determinants of capital structure while discussing the role of market power in determining capital structure decisions. Ghosh probes the questions of new stock offerings and stockholders' returns, and analyzes capital structure and executive compensation. He then looks into debt financing ownership structure, and the controversal relationship between capital structure and firm profitability. Finally, he discusses the latest developments in the field of capital structure.A concise overview of a major issue in business economics and finance, this volume provides a fuller understanding of capital structure influence on the financial performance of firms, and will certainly stimulate further debate. While hundreds of scholarly articles have been written on the subject this is the first book to test competing theories against measurements of firms' performance and their underlying capital structure.
Author: Dr. Maloth Raghu Ram
Publisher: Readworthy
ISBN: 9381510830
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
Capital Structure decision is one of the crucial decisions to be taken by a company. There are divergent views regarding Capital Structure and Firm Value. There is dearth of studies in the area of Pharma Industry regarding Capital Structure and Firm Value. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer the following questions: what are the factors determining the Capital Structure decision in Pharma sector in India? What is the relationship between select variable and company value? What is the impact of leverage on stock price volatility of Pharma Companies? Period of the study is eleven years from 2005 to 2015. The panel data regression model has been employed. It can be concluded that Debt-Equity Ratio has negative impact on capital structure of a company. It was revealed from the findings that majority of the select variables have significant impact on the capital structure. The study also brings to light the fact that leverage effect is dominant in the stock market. Findings of the present study are useful in gaining valuable insights into the intricacies of capital structure, firm value and leverage effect. The study is useful to finance managers, investors, researchers and also to academicians doing research in the area of corporate finance.
Author: Benjamin M. Friedman
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226264238
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
The research reported in this volume represents the second stage of a wide-ranging National Bureau of Economic Research effort to investigate "The Changing Role of Debt and Equity in Financing U.S. Capital Formation." The first group of studies sponsored under this project, which have been published individually and summarized in a 1982 volume bearing the same title (Friedman 1982), addressed several key issues relevant to corporate sector behavior along with such other aspects of the evolving financial underpinnings of U.S. capital formation as household saving incentives, international capital flows, and government debt management. In the project's second series of studies, presented at the National Bureau of Economic Research conference in January 1983 and published here for the first time along with commentaries from that conference, the central focus is the financial side of capital formation undertaken by the U.S. corporate business sector. At the same time, because corporations' securities must be held, a parallel focus is on the behavior of the markets that price these claims.
Author: Sharjil M. Haque
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1589064127
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Book Description
We study the impact of the COVID-19 recession on capital structure of publicly listed U.S. firms. Our estimates suggest leverage (Net Debt/Asset) decreased by 5.3 percentage points from the pre-shock mean of 19.6 percent, while debt maturity increased moderately. This de-leveraging effect is stronger for firms exposed to significant rollover risk, while firms whose businesses were most vulnerable to social distancing did not reduce leverage. We rationalize our evidence through a structural model of firm value that shows lower expected growth rate and higher volatility of cash flows following COVID-19 reduced optimal levels of corporate leverage. Model-implied optimal leverage indicates firms which did not de-lever became over-leveraged. We find default probability deteriorates most in large, over-leveraged firms and those that were stressed pre-COVID. Additional stress tests predict value of these firms will be less than one standard deviation away from default if cash flows decline by 20 percent.
Author: Kevin Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
In this paper, we will try to empirically test the influence of the debt structure on the company value given different growth opportunities with the companies incorporated in Netherlands. It is well accepted that the market value of any firm is independent of its capital structure, given the assumptions of capital markets are quot;perfectquot;. It is observed that the optimal capital structures are closely related to the growth potential of the firms and some other variables, such as: the size and the industry characteristics. Building on the argument that high-growth firms corporate value is negatively correlated with leverage, whereas for quot;low-growthquot; firms corporate value is positively correlated with leverage, we should observe that the growth opportunities may influence the optimal capital structure. The reason is that the optimal leverage may shift with the changes of growth opportunities that lead to the changes of agency costs of debt and cost of managerial discretion. In this context, we will try to empirically test 1: The correlation between Tobin's Q and leverage will be positive given the differences in growth opportunities; and 2: The correlation between Tobin's Q and leverage will be negative for high-growth firms and positive for low-growth firms. We expect that the signalling function of the debt will overweight the influence of the growth opportunities on the debt structure if hypothesis one is proved. Otherwise, the influence of the growth opportunities on the shift of the agency cost of debt and agency cost of managerial discretion will dominate the model. Finally, the influence of zero-debt capital structure is tested and discussed.
Author: Endri Endri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 11
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Book Description
This study intends to prove empirically the effect of the proxy capital structure with the ratio of debt to equity and the ratio of debt to assets to company value, both directly and indirectly through corporate tax factors and company size as an intervention. variable in the consumer industry of Indonesian manufacturing companies. with the year of observation in 2018. The population in this study were all manufacturing companies of the consumer goods subsector which were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, totaling 52 companies. Determination of the number of samples was carried out using a non probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique and 42 companies were selected as samples. Data analysis method used is path analysis and rechecking using the Linear Structural Relationship (Lisrel) program. The results showed that the two capital structures were not proven to have a direct effect on firm value, corporate tax and firm size could not moderate the indirect effect of capital structure on firm value.
Author: Harold Bierman Jr.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461510376
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
In 1958 an academic paper on corporate finance written by two professors (Merton Miller and Frances Modigliani, who were later awarded the Nobel prize for their research efforts) was published in The American Economic Review. One prime conclusion of their paper was that the exact form of a firm's capital structure did not affect the firm's value. Later papers by the same two authors and by many others modified the assumptions and changed this conclusion. We now think that capital structure decisions do affect a firm's value and corporate managers should understand better the financing alternatives that are available. One of the most important financial decisions is the decision to buy or lease assets. The leasing industry is large and getting larger. Unfortunately, it is very easy for a firm to evaluate incorrectly lease alternatives (see Chapter 12). The capital structure decision is one of the three most important financial decisions that management make (the distribution of earnings and the capital budgeting decisions are the other two contenders). Managers should increase their understanding of capital structure alternatives and remember that choosing the best capital structure is an art and not an exact simple calculation. But applying the art can be improved with understanding.
Author: William M. Gouge
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Banks and banking
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
Nos. 1-13 include installments of "An inquiry into the principles..."; no. 13-26, installments of "A short history of paper money ..."
Author: Ludwig M. Lachmann
Publisher: Ludwig von Mises Institute
ISBN: 1610165276
Category : Capital
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
