Dispersal Behavior of Neonate European Corn Borer, Ostrinia Nubilalis, on Transgenic Bt Corn PDF Download
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Author: Jessica Ann Goldstein
Publisher: ProQuest
ISBN: 9780549182382
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Most Lepidoptera disperse as adults, but in some groups the larvae disperse as well. Larval dispersal takes the form of ballooning; larvae use silk to hang off of plant surfaces and some get picked up by the wind. The longer the silk length, the greater the drag and the more likely the larva is to get picked up by the wind and the farther the larva will travel. The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis, has been observed ballooning and is currently the target of a large control effort using transgenic Bt corn. I examined the differences between ECB larval dispersal on Pioneer 34K78 Mon 810 event Bt corn and Pioneer 34K77 non-Bt isoline corn. I tested plant abandonment, larval dispersal in artificial plots and ECB silking behavior. My results suggest that ECB larvae that hatch on a Bt corn plant abandon that plant with a higher frequency than ECB larvae that hatch on a non Bt corn plant and that ECB larvae are capable of reaching neighboring corn plants by ballooning. This dispersal behavior may play a significant role in resistance management, particularly in the spacing of non-Bt refuges. These experiments help us to better understand ECB neonate behavior and may apply to other insects under Bt selection pressure.
Author: Jessica Ann Goldstein
Publisher: ProQuest
ISBN: 9780549182382
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Most Lepidoptera disperse as adults, but in some groups the larvae disperse as well. Larval dispersal takes the form of ballooning; larvae use silk to hang off of plant surfaces and some get picked up by the wind. The longer the silk length, the greater the drag and the more likely the larva is to get picked up by the wind and the farther the larva will travel. The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis, has been observed ballooning and is currently the target of a large control effort using transgenic Bt corn. I examined the differences between ECB larval dispersal on Pioneer 34K78 Mon 810 event Bt corn and Pioneer 34K77 non-Bt isoline corn. I tested plant abandonment, larval dispersal in artificial plots and ECB silking behavior. My results suggest that ECB larvae that hatch on a Bt corn plant abandon that plant with a higher frequency than ECB larvae that hatch on a non Bt corn plant and that ECB larvae are capable of reaching neighboring corn plants by ballooning. This dispersal behavior may play a significant role in resistance management, particularly in the spacing of non-Bt refuges. These experiments help us to better understand ECB neonate behavior and may apply to other insects under Bt selection pressure.
Author: Janine Razze
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacillus thuringiensis
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), is an economically important insect pest of corn in the US and Canada. The development of genetically modified corn expressing genes derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) that encodes insecticidal crystalline (Cry) proteins has proven to be effective in controlling this insect. The purpose of this study was to assess dispersal and feeding behavior of neonate ECB on Bt corn. I examined differences in neonate ECB dispersal behavior for the first four hours following eclosion in the field among stacked pyramid (DAS 59122-7 x TC1507 x MON810) Bt corn, non-Bt near isoline, and non-Bt sweet corn; and in the laboratory among Bt corn hybrids TC1507, MON810, a pyramid combining TC1507 and MON810, and non-Bt near isoline corn. I also examined differences in feeding behavior between MON810 Bt corn and non-Bt near isoline corn for four intervals over a 48-hour period. In field experiments, I found that dispersal was significantly higher on non-Bt near isoline and Bt corn when compared to sweet corn. In laboratory experiments, dispersal was significantly higher on MON810 and stacked pyramid Bt corn than on non-Bt near isoline corn. Finally, feeding experiments suggested that there was a significant difference in feeding behavior between MON810 Bt corn and non-Bt near isoline corn. The findings from the feeding experiment also suggested that more than 50% of the larvae abandoned the plant before there was evidence of feeding for both Bt and non-Bt corn. Results indicated that a mixed refuge method could prove to be an effective solution for managing ECB resistance on Bt corn. However, additional research needs to be conducted on ECB larval movement between Bt and non-Bt corn to fully assess the efficacy of the mixed refuge strategy.
Author: Barbra Ria Barrido
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author: Jörg Romeis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402083734
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 451
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Book Description
Insect pests remain one of the main constraints to food and fiber production worldwide despite farmers deploying a range of techniques to protect their crops. Modern pest control is guided by the principles of integrated pest management (IPM) with pest resistant germplasm being an important part of the foundation. Since 1996, when the first genetically modified (GM) insect-resistant maize variety was commercialized in the USA, the area planted to insect-resistant GM varieties has grown dramatically, representing the fastest adoption rate of any agricultural technology in human history. The goal of our book is to provide an overview on the role insect-resistant GM plants play in different crop systems worldwide. We hope that the book will contribute to a more rational debate about the role GM crops can play in IPM for food and fiber production.
Author: Chris A. Wozniak
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400721552
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 399
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Book Description
Written in a practical, didactic format designed to deliver point-of-care information to practitioners of cardiology as well as assist non-cardiologists with the efficient management of cardiac disease, this highly illustrated manual is an essential reference.
Author: David W. Onstad
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123972337
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 561
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Book Description
Neither pest management nor resistance management can occur with only an understanding of pest biology. For years, entomologists have understood, with their use of economic thresholds, that at least a minimal use of economics was necessary for proper integrated pest management. IRM is even more complicated and dependent on understanding and using socioeconomic factors. The new edition of Insect Resistance Management addresses these issues and much more. Many new ideas, facts and case studies have been developed since the previous edition of Insect Resistance Management published. With a new chapter focusing on Resistance Mechanisms Related to Plant-incorporated Toxins and heavily expanded revisions of several existing chapters, this new volume will be an invaluable resource for IRM researchers, practitioners, professors and advanced students. Authors in this edition include professors at major universities, leaders in the chemical and seed industry, evolutionary biologists and active IRM practitioners. This revision also contains more information about IRM outside North America, and a modeling chapter contains a large new section on uncertainty analysis, a subject recently emphasized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The final chapter contains a section on insecticidal seed treatments. No other book has the breadth of coverage of Insect Resistance Management, 2e. It not only covers molecular to economic issues, but also transgenic crops, seed treatments and other pest management tactics such as crop rotation. Major themes continuing from the first edition include the importance of using IRM in the integrated pest management paradigm, the need to study and account for pest behavior, and the influence of human behavior and decision making in IRM. - Provides insights from the history of insect resistance management (IRM) to the latest science - Includes contributions from experts on ecological aspects of IRM, molecular and population genetics, economics, and IRM social issues - Offers biochemistry and molecular genetics of insecticides presented with an emphasis on recent research - Encourages scientists and stakeholders to implement and coordinate strategies based on local social conditions
Author: G. Gurr
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401140146
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 433
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Book Description
As well as examining successful biological control programmes this book analyses why the majority of attempts fail. Off-target and other negative effects of biological control are also dealt with. Chapters contributed by leading international researchers and practitioners in all areas of biological control afford the book a breadth of coverage and depth of analysis not possible with a single author volume. Combined with the use of other experts to review chapters and editorial oversight to ensure thematic integrity of the volume, this book provides the most authoritative analysis of biological control published. Key aspects addressed include how success may be measured, how successful biological control has been to date and how may it be made more successful in the future. With extensive use of contemporary examples, photographs, figures and tables this book will be invaluable to advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as being a `must' for all involved in making biological control successful.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309437385
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 607
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Book Description
Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Author: Benjamin E. Hodgson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251322937
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
Climate change is causing unprecedented damage to our ecosystem. Increasing temperatures, ocean warming and acidification, severe droughts, wildfires, altered precipitation patterns, melting glaciers, rising sea levels and amplification of extreme weather events have direct implications for our food systems. While the impacts of such environmental factors on food security are well known, the effects on food safety receive less attention. The purpose of Climate change: Unpacking the burden on food safety is to identify and attempt to quantify some current and anticipated food safety issues that are associated with climate change. The food safety hazards considered in the publication are foodborne pathogens and parasites, harmful algal blooms, pesticides, mycotoxins and heavy metals with emphasis on methylmercury. There is also, a dedicated section on the benefits of forward-looking approaches such as horizon scanning and foresight, which will not only aid in anticipating future challenges in a shifting global food safety landscape, but also help build resilient food systems that can be continually updated as more knowledge is assimilated. By building a more widespread and better understanding of the consequences climate change has on food safety, it is hoped that this document will aid in fostering stronger international cooperation in making our food safer by reducing the global burden of these concerns.
