Direct Injection Gasoline Fuel Injector Characterization PDF Download
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Author: Gasoline Fuel Injection Standards Committee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This SAE Recommended Practice promotes uniformity in the evaluation and qualification tests conducted on GDI fuel injectors used in gasoline engine applications, where fuel pressures are typically well above 1 MPa. The document scope is limited to electrically-actuated fuel injection devices used in automotive GDI systems and is primarily restricted to bench tests. The use of uniform and standardized testing and evaluation procedures for fuel injectors is important to the worldwide automotive community. Standardized test procedures provide both injector manufacturers and end-users with one accepted test for each of the key injector performance parameters, instead of a specialized test protocol for each of many customers and applications. The use of these procedures for test configurations, testing methods, data reduction and reporting that are contained in this document will significantly enhance the ability of one test laboratory to accurately repeat and verify the results of another.Gasoline direct injection (GDI) differs substantially from port fuel injection (PFI), hence the existing PFI recommended practice document (SAE J1832) cannot be employed. The application of GDI has rapidly expanded worldwide. Prior to this document, a recommended practice for GDI injectors was not available. This recommended practice will permit the automotive industry to evaluate, characterize and compare GDI hardware.
Author: Gasoline Fuel Injection Standards Committee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This SAE Recommended Practice promotes uniformity in the evaluation and qualification tests conducted on GDI fuel injectors used in gasoline engine applications, where fuel pressures are typically well above 1 MPa. The document scope is limited to electrically-actuated fuel injection devices used in automotive GDI systems and is primarily restricted to bench tests. The use of uniform and standardized testing and evaluation procedures for fuel injectors is important to the worldwide automotive community. Standardized test procedures provide both injector manufacturers and end-users with one accepted test for each of the key injector performance parameters, instead of a specialized test protocol for each of many customers and applications. The use of these procedures for test configurations, testing methods, data reduction and reporting that are contained in this document will significantly enhance the ability of one test laboratory to accurately repeat and verify the results of another.Gasoline direct injection (GDI) differs substantially from port fuel injection (PFI), hence the existing PFI recommended practice document (SAE J1832) cannot be employed. The application of GDI has rapidly expanded worldwide. Prior to this document, a recommended practice for GDI injectors was not available. This recommended practice will permit the automotive industry to evaluate, characterize and compare GDI hardware.
Author: Gasoline Fuel Injection Standards Committee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This SAE Recommended Practice promotes uniformity in the characterization tests conducted on sprays generated by automotive fuel injectors used in both port fuel injection and gasoline-direct injection engine applications. SAE J2715 contains the detailed background, procedures and data reduction protocols for nearly all fuel spray characterization metrics that are applicable to automotive applications. It is intended to be utilized in conjunction with other SAE J documents that address injector performance metrics. These are SAE J1832 for Port Fuel Injection and the forthcoming SAE J2713 for Gasoline Direct Injectors. The rationale for this document is that fuel spray measurement and characterization continues to become increasingly critical to the automotive industry; whereas no comprehensive, industry-wide set of measurement and reporting procedures has been available. This has led to a situation in which many spray parameters and test procedures have, of necessity, been created and utilized within individual original equipment manufacturer (OEM) companies, and even among third-party testing laboratories and universities. This non-uniformity regarding test and reporting procedures has resulted in a lack of repeatability and traceability for many claimed spray parameters. It has also made it very difficult for any laboratory to check the values of spray-characterization parameters that are reported by another laboratory. The lack of standardization has also resulted in considerable confusion and obfuscation regarding the names and definitions of spray parameters as they apply to port fuel injection and gasoline-direct injection. The current situation regarding the term "cone angle" for these two classes of injectors is a prime example.The use of the uniform and well-defined procedures for test configuration, testing, data reduction and reporting that are contained in this document should significantly enhance the ability of one spray-test laboratory to accurately repeat and verify the results of another. The very detailed procedures and test specifications for all of the spray parameters should also serve to reduce the variation of spray parameter values that are reported, even for the same injector model. This should, in turn, reduce the overall time and overhead for obtaining a proven fuel system for an engine, as OEMs could ultimately conduct one set of spray tests per J2715 as opposed to a separate set of tests for each customer. This document should also supply the industry with a neutral, unbiased test for each defined spray parameter.
Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Abstract : The characteristics of gasoline sprayed directly into combustion chambers are of critical importance to engine out emissions and combustion system development. The optimization of the spray characteristics to match the in-cylinder flow field, chamber geometry, and spark location are vital tasks during the development of an engine combustion strategy. Furthermore, the presence of liquid fuel during combustion in Spark-Ignition (SI) engines causes increased hydrocarbon (HC) emissions [1]. Euro 6, LEVIII, and US Tier 3 emissions regulations reduce the allowable particulate mass significantly from the previous standards. LEVIII standards reduce the acceptable particulate emission to 1 mg/mile [2]. A good Direct Injection Spark Ignited (DISI) strategy vaporizes the correct amount of fuel at the proper point in the engine cycle with the proper in-cylinder air flow for optimal power output with minimal emissions. The opening and closing phases of DISI injectors is crucial to this task as the spray produces larger droplets during both theses phases. This work focuses on the results from a novel method to investigate fuel behavior upon closing of the fuel injector. A Design of Experiments (DOE) was used to determine the effect of pressure, temperature, and pulse-width of the fuel spray after the closing event. Experiments determined that the primary source of controlling the droplet size and the mass post injector closing for a given injector was the temperature. It was found that the end of injection behavior is a highly dynamic, complex event including, but not limited to, effects from the injector design, deposit concentration, and fuel type.
Author: Mohit Atul Mandokhot
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Book Description
Gasoline direct fuel injection systems have gained importance due to the increasing level of emissions regulation on SI combustion systems. Direct fuel injection delivery to cylinder provides better atomization and fuel mixing performance, enabling homogeneous mixture and better in-cylinder combustion. Increasing focus over the last few decades has been on better characterization of such gasoline direct fuel injection systems. Solenoid powered injectors act as actuators and enable accurate fuel delivery into the cylinder for a combustion event. Characterization of injector’s fuel delivery performance is an important aspect of achieving improved in-cylinder combustion performance. The objective of the current thesis is to develop a numerical physics based fuel injector model that provides a reliable prediction of flow rate and needle lift, in order to be used to improve in-cylinder combustion performance using 3D CFD model methodology. The developed model provides a reliable estimate of flow rate of developed injector, which is experimentally verified against instantaneous flow rate data provided by typical suppliers. In cases where inadequate prediction performance was noted, the errors arise out of lack of high fidelity electromagnetic modeling data, damping characteristics inside model and lack of geometry data to capture performance of highest accuracy.
Author: F. Zhao
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 008055279X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 129
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Book Description
The process of fuel injection, spray atomization and vaporization, charge cooling, mixture preparation and the control of in-cylinder air motion are all being actively researched and this work is reviewed in detail and analyzed. The new technologies such as high-pressure, common-rail, gasoline injection systems and swirl-atomizing gasoline fuel injections are discussed in detail, as these technologies, along with computer control capabilities, have enabled the current new examination of an old objective; the direct-injection, stratified-charge (DISC), gasoline engine. The prior work on DISC engines that is relevant to current GDI engine development is also reviewed and discussed. The fuel economy and emission data for actual engine configurations have been obtained and assembled for all of the available GDI literature, and are reviewed and discussed in detail. The types of GDI engines are arranged in four classifications of decreasing complexity, and the advantages and disadvantages of each class are noted and explained. Emphasis is placed upon consensus trends and conclusions that are evident when taken as a whole; thus the GDI researcher is informed regarding the degree to which engine volumetric efficiency and compression ratio can be increased under optimized conditions, and as to the extent to which unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), NOx and particulate emissions can be minimized for specific combustion strategies. The critical area of GDI fuel injector deposits and the associated effect on spray geometry and engine performance degradation are reviewed, and important system guidelines for minimizing deposition rates and deposit effects are presented. The capabilities and limitations of emission control techniques and after treatment hardware are reviewed in depth, and a compilation and discussion of areas of consensus on attaining European, Japanese and North American emission standards presented. All known research, prototype and production GDI engines worldwide are reviewed as to performance, emissions and fuel economy advantages, and for areas requiring further development. The engine schematics, control diagrams and specifications are compiled, and the emission control strategies are illustrated and discussed. The influence of lean-NOx catalysts on the development of late-injection, stratified-charge GDI engines is reviewed, and the relative merits of lean-burn, homogeneous, direct-injection engines as an option requiring less control complexity are analyzed.
Author: Gasoline Fuel Injection Standards Committee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The scope of this SAE Recommended Practice is limited to gasoline fuel pumps used in automotive direct fuel injection systems. It is primarily restricted to bench tests.This SAE Recommended Practice also defines the minimum design verification testing that is recommended to verify the suitability of gasoline direct injection (GDI) high-pressure fuel pumps used for pumping gasoline or gasoline-blend fuels to direct injection gasoline injectors. Additional tests not specified in SAE J2714 will be required for non-automotive pump applications or pumps, such as those intended for use on aircraft, motorcycles, or marine equipment. The pump and the gasoline direct injector are complementary components, and the direct injector component is fully described in SAE J2713, which provides a full range of test procedures for the characterization of such injectors.Except where specifically stated otherwise, test results are recorded for individual parts under recommended test conditions. Where population characteristics are reported, the sample size, selection method, and statistical analysis technique shall be explicitly stated. The continued use of direct injection systems in gasoline internal combustion engines, along with the use of direct injection pumps in those systems, requires a document that provides for standardized testing, performance evaluation, and characterization of such pumps. The SAE Recommended Practice is updated to reflect current best practices in test procedures and latest-use conditions in industry.
Author: Gasoline Fuel Injection Standards Committee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This SAE Recommended Practice Document promotes uniformity in the evaluation tests and performance measurements that are conducted on fuel injectors that are used in low-pressure gasoline engine applications. The scope of this document is limited to electronically-actuated fuel injection devices that are utilized in automotive gasoline port fuel injection systems where the fuel supply pressure is usually below 1000 kPa (low-pressure). Detailed test procedures are provided for determining numerous PFI injector parameters, including, but not limited to, flow curves, leakage, electromechanical performance, fluid compatibility and corrosion susceptibility, durability, the effects of vibration and torsional deflection, thermal cycling effects and noise. The standardized measurement procedures in this document are all bench tests. Characterization of the fuel spray from a low-pressure gasoline port fuel injector is quite important; however, these spray characterization tests are not addressed in this document, but are covered in a companion publication: SAE J2715.Tests and references to low-pressure gasoline injectors that are no longer commonly used in modern production are not included in the main body of this document. Superseded systems such as throttle body injection (TBI), central port injection (CPI), Pressure-Drop-Ratio (PDR), bottom-feed injectors and eight-ring patternation are examples of this older technology. Those fuel system components and diagnostic tests were extensively utilized in prior decades, but find little application in the industry today. The historical detailed measurement procedures that applied to the tests on these types of injectors have been removed from the main sections of the updated J1832; however, the associated overall descriptions of these hardware items that were in previous versions of J1832 have been retained in the Appendix for archival purposes. The use of uniform and standardized testing and evaluation procedures for port fuel injectors is important to the worldwide automotive community. The use of standardized test procedures provides an option to both injector manufacturers and end-users to have one defined test for each of the key injector performance parameters, instead of a specialized test protocol for each of many customers and applications. Although the direct injection system is growing in importance and application, the port fuel injection system continues to be the dominant method of gasoline metering in automotive engines throughout the world. Therefore, the many port fuel injector testing procedures that are detailed in this fully revised and expanded document will continue to have significant application.
Author: David Michael Bevan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
Author: Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0857096044
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
This book presents the papers from the latest conference in this successful series on fuel injection systems for internal combustion engines. It is vital for the automotive industry to continue to meet the demands of the modern environmental agenda. In order to excel, manufacturers must research and develop fuel systems that guarantee the best engine performance, ensuring minimal emissions and maximum profit. The papers from this unique conference focus on the latest technology for state-of-the-art system design, characterisation, measurement, and modelling, addressing all technological aspects of diesel and gasoline fuel injection systems. Topics range from fundamental fuel spray theory, component design, to effects on engine performance, fuel economy and emissions. - Presents the papers from the IMechE conference on fuel injection systems for internal combustion engines - Papers focus on the latest technology for state-of-the-art system design, characterisation, measurement and modelling; addressing all technological aspects of diesel and gasoline fuel injection systems - Topics range from fundamental fuel spray theory and component design to effects on engine performance, fuel economy and emissions
Author: Fuquan Zhao
Publisher: SAE International
ISBN: 1468603388
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
This book covers the latest global technical initiatives in the rapidly progressing area of gasoline direct injection (GDI), spark-ignited gasoline engines and examines the contribution of each process and sub-system to the efficiency of the overall system. Including discussions, data, and figures from many technical papers and proceedings that are not available in the English language, Automotive Gasoline Direct Injection Systems will prove to be an invaluable desk reference for any GDI subject or direct-injection subsystem that is being developed worldwide.
