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Author: Ronald Angelo Johnson
Publisher: University of Georgia Press
ISBN: 0820347698
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
From 1798 to 1801, during the Haitian Revolution, President John Adams and Toussaint Louverture forged diplomatic relations that empowered white Americans to embrace freedom and independence for people of color in Saint-Domingue. The United States supported the Dominguan revolutionaries with economic assistance and arms and munitions; the conflict was also the U.S. Navy's first military action on behalf of a foreign ally. This cross-cultural cooperation was of immense and strategic importance as it helped to bring forth a new nation: Haiti. Diplomacy in Black and White is the first book on the Adams-Louverture alliance. Historian and former diplomat Ronald Angelo Johnson details the aspirations of the Americans and Dominguans--two revolutionary peoples--and how they played significant roles in a hostile Atlantic world. Remarkably, leaders of both governments established multiracial relationships amid environments dominated by slavery and racial hierarchy. And though U.S.-Dominguan diplomacy did not end slavery in the United States, it altered Atlantic world discussions of slavery and race well into the twentieth century. Diplomacy in Black and White reflects the capacity of leaders from disparate backgrounds to negotiate political and societal constraints to make lives better for the groups they represent. Adams and Louverture brought their peoples to the threshold of a lasting transracial relationship. And their shared history reveals the impact of decisions made by powerful people at pivotal moments. But in the end, a permanent alliance failed to emerge, and instead, the two republics born of revolution took divergent paths.
Author: Ronald Angelo Johnson
Publisher: University of Georgia Press
ISBN: 0820342122
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 263
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Book Description
"This will be the first monograph-length study of U.S. diplomacy toward Saint-Domingue during the Adams administration. The book offers a detailed examination of the relationship between U.S. President John Adams and Toussaint Louverture, military commander of the French colony Saint-Domingue. Ronald Johnson presents the complex history of the bilateral relations between these two Atlantic leaders representing the first diplomatic relationship the United States had with a government of black leaders. Over the course of seven chapters, Johnson looks beyond the diplomacy itself to find the long lasting effects it had on the evolving meanings of race, the struggles over emancipation, and the formation of an African identity in the Atlantic world. Johnson argues that this brief moment of cross-cultural cooperation, while not changing racial traditions immediately, helped to set the stage for incremental changes in American and Atlantic world discussions of race well into the twentieth-century. Diplomacy in Black and White suggests that President John Adams and his administration abetted the idea of independence for people of color on the island of Hispaniola. This proposal represents an interpretative shift in the historiography. The book illuminates U.S. diplomacy in Saint-Domingue to explain how Americans and Dominguans worked together as relatively equal partners, occupying a similar position within a volatile Atlantic context"--
Author: Michael L. Krenn
Publisher: M.E. Sharpe
ISBN: 9780765633316
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 450
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Book Description
A fascinating look at a previously ignored piece of our nation's history, Black Diplomacy covers integration of the State Department after 1945 and the subsequent appointments of Black ambassadors to Third World and African nations. In seven illuminating chapters, Krenn covers the efforts to integrate the State Department; the setbacks during the Eisenhower years; and the gains achieved during the administrations of JFK and LBJ. Not content with simply using traditional sources (federal and other governmental agency records), he gained fresh insights from the papers of the NAACP, African American newspapers, and journals of the period. He also conducted original interviews with Edward Dudley (America's first black ambassador), Richard Fox, Horace Dawson, Ronald Palmer, and Terrence Todman (never before interviewed--ambassador to six nations beginning in 1952, and an assistant secretary of state). This unique look at the period will be of interest to anyone attempting to understand both the history of the civil rights movement in the U.S. and America's Cold War relations with underdeveloped nations during the quarter century after World War II.
Author: Michael Krenn
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317475828
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
This text covers integration of the State Department after 1945 and the subsequent appointments of Black ambassadors to Third World and African nations. Other topics include: the setbacks during the Eisenhower years and the gains achieved during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations.
Author: Brandon R. Byrd
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN: 0812296540
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
In The Black Republic, Brandon R. Byrd explores the ambivalent attitudes that African American leaders in the post-Civil War era held toward Haiti, the first and only black republic in the Western Hemisphere. Following emancipation, African American leaders of all kinds—politicians, journalists, ministers, writers, educators, artists, and diplomats—identified new and urgent connections with Haiti, a nation long understood as an example of black self-determination. They celebrated not only its diplomatic recognition by the United States but also the renewed relevance of the Haitian Revolution. While a number of African American leaders defended the sovereignty of a black republic whose fate they saw as intertwined with their own, others expressed concern over Haiti's fitness as a model black republic, scrutinizing whether the nation truly reflected the "civilized" progress of the black race. Influenced by the imperialist rhetoric of their day, many African Americans across the political spectrum espoused a politics of racial uplift, taking responsibility for the "improvement" of Haitian education, politics, culture, and society. They considered Haiti an uncertain experiment in black self-governance: it might succeed and vindicate the capabilities of African Americans demanding their own right to self-determination or it might fail and condemn the black diasporic population to second-class status for the foreseeable future. When the United States military occupied Haiti in 1915, it created a crisis for W. E. B. Du Bois and other black activists and intellectuals who had long grappled with the meaning of Haitian independence. The resulting demand for and idea of a liberated Haiti became a cornerstone of the anticapitalist, anticolonial, and antiracist radical black internationalism that flourished between World War I and World War II. Spanning the Reconstruction, post-Reconstruction, and Jim Crow eras, The Black Republic recovers a crucial and overlooked chapter of African American internationalism and political thought.
Author: Gordon S. Brown
Publisher: Univ. Press of Mississippi
ISBN: 9781578067114
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 350
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Book Description
"Toussaint's Clause: The Founding Fathers and the Haitian Revolution narrates the intricate history of one of America's early foreign policy balancing acts. Supporters of Toussaint's rebellion at first engineered a bold policy of intervention in favor of the rebels. But Southern slaveholders eyed the revolution with fear and eventually obtained a reversal of the policy - even while taking advantage of the rebellion to make the fateful Louisiana Purchase."--Jacket.
Author: Allan Nevins
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Paris Peace Conference
Languages : en
Pages : 576
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Book Description
This book provides a biography of Henry White, a diplomat for England and the United States under several presidents and during major military events, including World War I.
Author: Joel Mowbray
Publisher: Regnery Publishing
ISBN: 9780895261106
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
A journalist and former congressional staffer exposes the inherent contradictions and internal conflicts that hamper the State Department and could stymie the war on terrorism.
Author: William Joseph Burns
Publisher:
ISBN: 0525508864
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 522
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Book Description
As a distinguished and admired American diplomat of the last half century, Burns has played a central role in the most consequential diplomatic episodes of his time: from the bloodless end of the Cold War and post-Cold War relations with Putin's Russia to the secret nuclear talks with Iran. Here he recounts some of the seminal moments of his career, drawing on newly declassified cables and memos to give readers a rare, inside look at American diplomacy in action, and of the people who worked with him. The result is an powerful reminder of the enduring importance of diplomacy. -- adapted from jacket
Author: Shannon Rose Riley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cuba
Languages : en
Pages : 684
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Book Description
Author: William Lowrey Bishop
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
This dissertation examines how Zimbabwe achieved independence under majority rule in April 1980. Drawing on recently-declassified archival materials from South Africa, the United Kingdom, the United States, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, this dissertation highlights the underappreciated role that successive US administrations played in facilitating Zimbabwe's transition from white minority rule to black majority rule. In particular, this dissertation highlights the connection between the global Cold War and the decolonization process in sub-Saharan Africa, arguing that the Ford and Carter administrations saw facilitating Zimbabwe's transition to majority rule as a strategy to improve US-African relations at a moment when the Soviet Union and its allies seemed to be gaining ground in Africa. While this dissertation highlights America's contribution to the Zimbabwean cause, it also contextualizes the US role by showing that the United States was just one of the actors that helped to facilitate Zimbabwe's transition to majority rule. Moreover, the US was far from the most important player in this process. As this dissertation demonstrates, it took the combined efforts of the Frontline States, the Organization of African Unity, the Commonwealth, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Patriotic Front to compel Rhodesia's white minority to hand over the reins of power. This dissertation also argues that the settlement which paved the way for Zimbabwean independence was a diplomatic success--despite the fact that it enabled Robert Mugabe to come to power. It argues that foreign diplomats could not have foreseen Mugabe's presidency extending more than three decades, nor could they have predicted the Zimbabwean meltdown of the early 21st century. Moreover, this dissertation maintains that the Zimbabwean settlement is significant because it marked the beginning of the end of white rule in southern Africa.
