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Author: Nicoli Nattrass
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781770112612
Category : Clothing trade
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
"The South African clothing industry is the most labour-intensive segment of South Africa's manufacturing industry, but it is far from monolithic, encompassing a set different sub-sectors with different market niches and production technologies. These encompass a higher-wage, less labour- intensive, mostly metro-based sector producing relatively high value-added top quality garments for upper income niche markets; and a lower-wage, more labour-intensive sector, mostly in KwaZulu-Natal and parts of the Free State, producing standardised basic clothing items for middle- and low-income consumers in a highly competitive international market. The more labour-intensive bottomed end of the industry has been competing successfully against imports from low-wage countries- thus confounding the prevalent policy view that South Africa simply cannot compete with China- but it does so only by paying wages below the legal minima. The different segments of the clothing industry co-exist at different wage rates (i.e. there has been no single 'race to the bottom') because they cater to different product markets. Forcing all producers to pay the bargained minimum wage will result in the migration of low-wage jobs from South Africa to China, Lesotho and other low-wage areas, without any gain to producers or workers in other parts of the South African clothing industry, or to South African consumers." -- Abstract.
Author: Nicoli Nattrass
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781770112612
Category : Clothing trade
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
"The South African clothing industry is the most labour-intensive segment of South Africa's manufacturing industry, but it is far from monolithic, encompassing a set different sub-sectors with different market niches and production technologies. These encompass a higher-wage, less labour- intensive, mostly metro-based sector producing relatively high value-added top quality garments for upper income niche markets; and a lower-wage, more labour-intensive sector, mostly in KwaZulu-Natal and parts of the Free State, producing standardised basic clothing items for middle- and low-income consumers in a highly competitive international market. The more labour-intensive bottomed end of the industry has been competing successfully against imports from low-wage countries- thus confounding the prevalent policy view that South Africa simply cannot compete with China- but it does so only by paying wages below the legal minima. The different segments of the clothing industry co-exist at different wage rates (i.e. there has been no single 'race to the bottom') because they cater to different product markets. Forcing all producers to pay the bargained minimum wage will result in the migration of low-wage jobs from South Africa to China, Lesotho and other low-wage areas, without any gain to producers or workers in other parts of the South African clothing industry, or to South African consumers." -- Abstract.
Author: Nicoli Nattrass
Publisher: Critical Frontiers of Theory
ISBN: 0198841469
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 229
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Book Description
W. Arthur Lewis, the founding father of development economics, proposed a dualist model of economic development in which 'surplus' (predominantly under-employed) labour shifted from lower to higher productivity work. In practice, historically, this meant that labour was initially drawn out of subsistence agriculture into low-wage, labour-intensive manufacturing, including in clothing production, before shifting into higher-wage work. This development strategy has become unfashionable. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) worries that low-wage, labour-intensive industry promises little more than an impoverishing 'race to the bottom'. Inclusive Dualism: Labour-intensive Development, Decent Work, and Surplus Labour in Southern Africa argues that decent work fundamentalism, that is the promotion of higher wages and labour productivity at the cost of lower-wage job destruction, is a utopian vision with potentially dystopic consequences for countries with high open unemployment, many of which are in Southern Africa. Using the South African clothing industry as a case study Inclusive Dualism argues that decent work fundamentalism ignores the inherently differentiated character of industry resulting in the unnecessary destruction of labour-intensive jobs and the bifurcation of society into highly-paid, high-productivity insiders and low-paid or unemployed outsiders. It demonstrates the broader relevance of the South Africa case, examining the growth in surplus labour across Africa. It shows that low- and high-productivity firms can co-exist, and challenges the notion that a race to the bottom is inevitable. Inclusive Dualism instead favours multi-pronged development strategies that prioritise labour-intensive job creation as well as facilitating productivity growth elsewhere without destroying jobs.
Author: Uchenna R. Efobi
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319788434
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
This edited volume provides a critical evaluation of financing options for sustainable development in Africa. While sustainability has long been the watchword for development programs, and while many African countries have taken initiatives to develop integrated frameworks that tackle developmental challenges—including poverty, education, and health—financing has remained a challenge. In this book, an expert team of chapter authors examines new financing options while also exploring how traditional financing means, such as foreign aid and foreign direct investment, can be more effective for sustainability. The authors discuss how African nations can build adequate structures and productive capacity to create a platform that can meet present economic, social, and environmental needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Practical case studies and scientific evidence give this book a unique approach that is both qualitative and quantitative. This book will be of interest to students, practitioners, and scholars of development studies, public policy and African economics.
Author: Jeremy Seekings
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137452692
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 315
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Book Description
Seekings and Nattrass explain why poverty persisted in South Africa after the transition to democracy in 1994. The book examines how public policies both mitigated and reproduced poverty, and explains how and why these policies were adopted. The analysis offers lessons for the study of poverty elsewhere in the world.
Author: Anthony Black
Publisher: Juta and Company (Pty) Ltd
ISBN: 1775820076
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 397
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Book Description
South Africa’s high rate of unemployment (26.4%) makes it a complete outlier compared with other middle-income countries. Indeed, the unemployment rate rises to 36% if discouraged workers are taken into account. It underpins extreme poverty and inequality and is a major contributor to social dislocation. If it were not for increased social payments, poverty would have continued to increase since the advent of democracy in 1994. Unemployment also represents a huge cost to growth. This book focuses on the growth path of the economy. The starting point is that while more rapid economic expansion is an important objective, at any given level of growth, the economy as a whole needs to become more labour-absorbing. The central question posed is how to bring about changes in the economic structure and pattern of development, which would lead to the attainment of this objective. The authors argue that employment needs to be much more centrally positioned within the economic and social policy arena. They emphasise innovative approaches within a broader focus on the growth path, and employment-intensive growth. And they posit that the negative impact of previous ‘distortions’ requires much more than a levelling of the playing field via market-based reforms. Apart from presenting an alternative growth path which could start to shift the economy in new directions, the book tackles themes which have received only limited attention, such as wage subsidies, youth unemployment and employment growth in rural areas.
Author: Uwe Becker
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134647107
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
In the past ten to twenty years the global political economy picture has dramatically changed with the emergence of the economies of Brazil, Russia, India and, notably, China (BRICs) as big players and competitors of the advanced economies in the West and Eastern Asia. The book comparatively analyses institutional change in the BRICs. This book examines the BRICs by analysing their institutional development, their main continuities and changes, and their differences. It provides a comparative analysis of the political economies of the BRICs, but also considers South Africa and Turkey. The contributors provide a systematic comparison of the state-economy and the capital-labour relationships and explore whether they liberalized or followed a specific trajectory. The book also addresses debates on the varieties of capitalism and explores whether the emerging economies fit into the dichotomous construction of liberal and coordinated capitalism or whether they require a more differentiated typological approach. Moving away from rigid conceptions and the static classification of political economies as either liberal or coordinated and presenting a more open approach, The BRICs and Emerging Economies in Comparative Perspective will be vital reading for students and scholars of comparative political economy, international relations, capitalism, the BRICs, emerging markets and the role of the state in the economy.
Author: Franck Billé
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
ISBN: 0824876016
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
China’s meteoric rise and ever expanding economic and cultural footprint have been accompanied by widespread global disquiet. Whether admiring or alarmist, media discourse and representations of China often tap into the myths and prejudices that emerged through specific historical encounters. These deeply embedded anxieties have shown great resilience, as in recent media treatments of SARS and the H5N1 virus, which echoed past beliefs connecting China and disease. Popular perceptions of Asia, too, continue to be framed by entrenched racial stereotypes: its people are unfathomable, exploitative, cunning, or excessively hardworking. This interdisciplinary collection of original essays offers a broad view of the mechanics that underlie Yellow Peril discourse by looking at its cultural deployment and repercussions worldwide. Building on the richly detailed historical studies already published in the context of the United States and Europe, contributors to Yellow Perils confront the phenomenon in Italy, Australia, South Africa, Nigeria, Mongolia, Hong Kong, and China itself. With chapters based on archival material and interviews, the collection supplements and often challenges superficial journalistic accounts and top-down studies by economists and political scientists. Yellow Peril narratives, contributors find, constitute cultural vectors of multiple kinds of anxieties, spanning the cultural, racial, political, and economic. Indeed, the emergence of the term “Yellow Peril” in such disparate contexts cannot be assumed to be singular, to refer to the same fears, or to revolve around the same stereotypes. The discourse, even when used in reference to a single country like China, is therefore inherently fractured and multiple. The term “Yellow Peril” may feel unpalatable and dated today, but the ethnographic, geographic, and historical breadth of this collection—experiences of Chinese migration and diaspora, historical reflections on the discourse of the Yellow Peril in China, and contemporary analyses of the global reverberations of China’s economic rise—offers a unique overview of the ways in which anti-Chinese narratives continue to play out in today’s world. This timely and provocative book will appeal to Chinese and Asian Studies scholars, but will also be highly relevant to historians and anthropologists working on diasporic communities and on ethnic formations both within and beyond Asia. Contributors: Christos Lynteris David Walker Kevin Carrico Magnus Fiskesjö Romain Dittgen Ross Anthony Xiaojian Zhao Yu Qiu
Author: Zainub Moolla
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This research was inspired by an exceeding number of global calls for action to limit global warming and combat climate change. This research aimed to investigate South African consumers' overall consciousness of sustainable production and consumption practices, related concern for the environment, and their willingness to purchase sustainably produced clothing merchandise. The researcher was particularly interested in identifying market segments (income groups) that are conscious, concerned and willing to purchase, as they could be key to drive a call for more responsible purchase and consumption behaviour in the future. The theoretical perspective that guided this research was Rational Choice Theory (RCT) that attended to consumers' conscious deliberation of product alternatives based on specific product information. RCT was an effective solution to guide the differentiation of consumer decisions across different income levels for this research. A survey was carried out in a single electronic phase by distributing a structured, quantitative questionnaire. A total of 325 completed questionnaires were collected through non-probability sampling techniques and analysed thereafter. The findings indicated that South African consumers are only moderately conscious and concerned about environmental practices, and specifically that they are less concerned about the future implications of their clothing consumption behaviour. These findings reveal a need for concerted effort to inform and educate consumers as many prominent retailers have already begun to do. This study could not indisputably confirm that consumers are discouraged from choosing sustainably produced merchandise over similar, more affordable items. A pertinent outcome of this research is that in South Africa, income level does not seem to influence consumers' consciousness and concern about the sustainability of clothing production practices, as well as their willingness to purchase sustainably produced clothing. The implication for retailers is that they can therefore strategise to incorporate more extensive ranges of sustainably produced clothing in their stores, knowing that consumers, irrespective of the income category, are not unwilling to pay for it.
Author: H. A. F. Barker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clothing trade
Languages : en
Pages : 674
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Book Description
Author: Erica Prinsloo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clothing trade
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
