Development of a Multi-Beam Laser Ultrasonic Inspection System and Its Application on Flaw Sizing PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher: Contentsworks Inc.
ISBN: 4862163351
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 25
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: Contentsworks Inc.
ISBN: 4862163351
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 25
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Book Description
Author: Abel Valdes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Laser interferometers
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The objectives of this thesis are to develop and validate laser ultrasonic inspection methods for on-line testing of microelectronic devices. Electronic packaging technologies such as flip chips and BGAs utilize solder bumps as electrical and mechanical connections. Since they are located hidden from view between the device and the substrate, defects such as cracks, voids, misalignments, and missing bumps are difficult to detect using non-destructive methods. Laser ultrasonic inspection is capable of detecting such defects by utilizing a high power laser pulse to induce vibrations in a microelectronic device while measuring the out of plane displacement using an interferometer. Quality can then be assessed by comparing the vibration response of a known-good device to the response of the sample under inspection. The main limitation with the implementation of laser ultrasonic inspection in manufacturing applications is the requirement to establish a known-good reference device utilizing other non-destructive methods. My work will focus on developing a method to inspect flip chip devices without requiring a previously established reference. The method will automatically examine measurement data from a large sample set to identify those devices which are most similar. The selected devices can then be utilized to compose a hybrid reference signal which can be used for comparison and defect detection.
Author: Lester W. Schmerr Jr.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319304631
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 765
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Book Description
This extensively revised and updated second edition of a widely read classic presents the use of ultrasound in nondestructive evaluation (NDE) inspections. Retaining the first edition's use of wave propagation /scattering theory and linear system theory, this volume also adds significant new material including: the introduction of MATLAB® functions and scripts that evaluate key results involving beam propagation and scattering, flaw sizing, and the modeling of ultrasonic systems. elements of Gaussian beam theory and a multi-Gaussian ultrasonic beam model for bulk wave transducers. a new chapter on the connection between ultrasonic modeling and probability of detection (POD) and reliability models. new and improved derivations of ultrasonic measurement models. updated coverage of ultrasonic simulators that have been developed around the world. Students, engineers, and researchers working in the ultrasonic NDE field will find a wealth of information on the modeling of ultrasonic inspections and the fundamental ultrasonic experiments that support those models in this new edition.
Author: Ryan Chaplin
Publisher: FriesenPress
ISBN: 1460295676
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 429
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Book Description
Ultrasonic testing (UT) has been an accepted practice of inspection in industrial environments for decades. This book, Industrial Ultrasonic Inspection, is designed to meet and exceed ISO 9712 training requirements for Level 1 and Level 2 certification. The material presented in this book will provide readers with all the basic knowledge of the theory behind elastic wave propagation and its uses with the use of easy to read text and clear pictorial descriptions. Discussed UT concepts include: - General engineering, materials, and components theory - Theory of sound waves and their propagation - The general uses of ultrasonic waves - Comprehensive lab section - Methods of ultrasonic wave generation - Different ultrasonic inspection techniques - Ultrasonic flaw detectors, scanning systems, and probes - Calibration fundamentals - General scanning techniques - Flaw sizing techniques - Basic analysis for ultrasonic, phased array ultrasonic, and time of flight diffraction inspection techniques - Codes and standards - Principles of technical documentation and reporting It is my intention that this book is used for general training purposes. It is the ideal classroom textbook. -Ryan Chaplin
Author: Chaitanya Bakre
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This research contributes to the development of an in-situ laser ultrasonic inspection system to ensure a defect-free fabrication of additive manufacturing (AM) parts. AM process is hailed as one of the most innovative technologies of industry 4.0. due to the many unique advantages over the subtractive manufacturing methods. The increased design freedom due to the layer-wise manufacturing also allows significant weight reductions and enhanced component performance with little or no specialized tooling. However, the lack of understanding of the process makes it prone to defects inhibiting its use in safety-critical applications such as power generation and aerospace industries. In the absence of defects, subtle changes in the process parameters can lead to undesired microstructure that can be detrimental to the part performance. Thus, in-situ material state monitoring techniques are urgently needed to realize the full benefits of additive manufacturing. The majority of the current process monitoring systems are vision-based, limiting them from monitoring the internal defects, and are incapable of providing information about the mechanical properties. X-ray computed tomography is being used extensively to detect volumetric AM defects, but it is not amenable for in-situ inspections and is limited by size. Thus, laser ultrasound is considered as a viable solution for in-situ monitoring of AM as it is non-contact and offers benefits of ultrasonic testing, such as detecting volumetric defects and estimating strength-related properties. This research presents a laser ultrasonic system integrated into a directed-energy-deposition additive manufacturing system and demonstrates the in-situ detection of realistic AM defects and microstructural sensing. Laser generation of both narrowband and broadband Rayleigh waves is exploited to detect localized defects created by altering the process parameters in Ti-6Al-4V depositions. Furthermore, the nonlinear waveform distortion of broadband Rayleigh waves is used to detect changes instilled by marginally varying the process parameters for Ti-6Al-4V and IN718 depositions. The AM surface roughness is a key challenge for laser ultrasound-based in-situ monitoring because it affects both wave reception and the Rayleigh wave propagation. Results demonstrate the influence of AM surface roughness and unique microstructure on nonlinear distortions of Rayleigh waves. Furthermore, the capability of the laser ultrasonic system to carry out artificial flaw detection using narrowband and broadband Rayleigh waves and microstructure monitoring using nonlinear distortion of broadband Rayleigh waves is demonstrated for Ti-6Al-4V and IN-718 specimens within the directed energy deposition additive manufacturing chamber.
Author: Lester W. Schmerr Jr
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781441943156
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Using a systems level approach, this book employs aspects of linear systems theory and wave propagation and scattering theory to develop a comprehensive model of an entire ultrasonic measurement system. This integrated approach leads to a new model-based engineering technology for designing, using and optimizing ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation inspections. In addition, the book incorporates MATLAB examples and exercises.
Author: Wolf Kleinert
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319328360
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Book Description
This book presents a precise approach for defect sizing using ultrasonics. It describes an alternative to the current European and American standards by neglecting their limitations. The approach presented here is not only valid for conventional angle beam probes, but also for phased array angle beam probes. It introduces an improved method which provides a significant productivity gain and calculates curves with high accuracy. Its content is of interest to all those working with distance gain size (DGS) methods or are using distance amplitude correction (DAC) curves.
Author: Frank O. Reed
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bridges, Iron and steel
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
Author: Hossam Selim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
This PhD thesis is devoted to the design, development and implementation of a non-contact hybrid non-destructive testing (NDT) method applied to the analysis of metallic objects that contain embedded defects or fractures. We propose a hybrid opto-acoustic technique that combines laser generated ultrasound as exciter and ultrasound transducers as receivers. This work envisages a detailed study of the detection and one, two or three-dimensional reconstruction of defects, using the proposed hybrid technique and its application as a remotely controlled non-contact NDT. Our device combines several advantages of both photonic and ultrasonic techniques, while reduces some of the drawbacks of both individual methods. Our method relay on the combination of experimental results with high-resolution signal processing procedures based on different mathematical algorithms. Our basic experimental setup uses a nanosecond pulsed laser at 532nm wavelength that impacts onto the surface of the object under study. The laser pulse is rapidly absorbed into a shallow volume of material and creates a localized thermo-elastic expansion inducing a broadband ultrasound pulse that propagate inside the material. The laser beam scans a selected area of the object surface, being remotely controlled by means of a programmable XY scanner. For each excitation point, the ultrasound waves propagate through the object are reflected or scattered by material 3D defects. They are detected by ultrasound transducers and recorded with a PC data-acquisition system for a further process and analysis. As a first step, the time of flight analysis provides enough data for the location and size of the defect in 1D view. The detection capabilities of internal defects in a metallic sample are studied by means of wavelet transform, chosen due to its multi-resolution time-frequency characteristics. A novel algorithm using a density-based spatial clustering is applied to the resulting time frequency maps to estimate the defect's position. For the 2D visualization and reconstruction of the defects we extended the signal analysis using the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). We implement a novel 2D apodization window filtering applied along with the SAFT, and we show it removes undesired effects of the side lobes and wide-angle reflections of ultrasound waves, enhancing the reconstructed image of the defect. We move then towards the 3D analysis and reconstruction of defects and in this case we achieve and implement a fully non-contact and automatized experimental configuration allowing the scan areas on different object's faces. The defect details are recorded from different angles/perspectives and a complete 3D reconstruction is achieved. Finally, we show our results on a complementary topic related to a particular case of the ultrasound propagation in solids. We were concerned on the physical understanding of the propagation and diffraction of ultrasound waves in solid materials from the first moment. The control of the diffraction pattern in solids, using an ultrasonic lens, would help focus/collimate the ultrasound reducing echoes and boundary reflections, resulting in a further improve NDT process. Phononic crystals have been used to regulate the diffraction and frequency response of ultrasonic waves traveling in fluids. However, they were much less studied in solid materials due to the difficulty of building the crystal and to high coupling losses. We perform detailed numerical simulations of the ultrasound propagation in a solid phononic crystal and we show focusing and the self-collimation effects. We further extend our analysis and couple our phononic crystal lens to a solid under study, showing that the diffraction control is preserved inside the target solid object trough the coupling material.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
Laser-ultrasonics refers to a range of technologies involving the use of laser electrooptical systems both to generate and to detect ultrasonic signals in and on materials and structures. Such systems have been developed to permit classical ultrasonic measurements for materials characterization and defect identification and measurement. From the point of view of one concerned with practical applications of ultrasonic inspection and measurement methods, laser-ultrasonic systems offer the flexibility which, in principle, should permit remote ultrasonic measurements to be performed on objects at elevated temperatures or in hostile environments. Laser-ultrasonic systems can be designed and constructed with extremely wide and flat detection bandwidth so that ultrasonic vibrational displacements can be recorded with high fidelity. In addition, there is no mechanical loading of the surface to damp, absorb, or otherwise distort the propagating acoustic energy. This feature has been used to great advantage in performing ultrasonic measurements in thin plates and films. In spite of the great advantages offered by laser-ultrasonics, there are severe limitations which restrict its application. In fact, based upon the performance of current state-of-the-art laser-ultrasonic systems, it is almost always more advantageous to use conventional ultrasonic transduction methods, if possible for a given application, than it is to apply laser-ultrasonics. In short, the main reason leading to this conclusion is the poor system detection sensitivity of laser-ultrasonic systems compared with piezoelectric transducer systems. The ramifications of this limited sensitivity are many.
