Developing Molecular Markers for a Hessian Fly Resistance Gene in Wheat & Studying the Effects of the Wheat Bread Making Gene (WBM) on Soft White Wheat Quality PDF Download
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Author: Tavin Marie Schneider
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hessian fly
Languages : en
Pages :
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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important agricultural commodity crops in Washington. Each year, farmers face various production challenges, including Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)], which can lead to devastating crop losses. Resistance genes are the most successful methods to manage and control this insect. Although there are at least 37 known Hessian fly resistance genes (HFR genes), few are deployed in the region, mostly due to a lack of molecular tools to support breeding efforts. Seahawk, a popular soft white spring wheat, contains resistance, but the gene identity is unknown. Using two recombinant inbred populations made from crossing soft white spring wheat cultivar Seahawk to spring club wheat cultivars JD and Melba, we set out to identify the source of resistance in Seahawk and to develop molecular markers that can be used to select for the gene in breeding populations. After acquiring the genetic marker information using Illumina’s 90K SNP technology, we were able to map the resistance gene to the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 6B and created three kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers that are effective in selecting for this gene in diverse backgrounds. Utilizing the Seahawk/JD population, we also studied how the wheat bread-making locus (wbm) affects the quality of soft white and club wheat. Soft white wheat and club wheat are produced and milled for their weak gluten properties and high starch contents that result in delicate crumb structures when baked. The wbm gene, however, is known to be associated with increased gluten strength properties and was identified in elite bread-making cultivars. At Washington State, the wbm gene is found at higher than expected frequencies among elite club and soft white wheat varieties. After testing the quality parameters of wbm isolines, we found that the locus does not negatively impact soft white wheat flour or dough properties.
Author: Tavin Marie Schneider
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hessian fly
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important agricultural commodity crops in Washington. Each year, farmers face various production challenges, including Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)], which can lead to devastating crop losses. Resistance genes are the most successful methods to manage and control this insect. Although there are at least 37 known Hessian fly resistance genes (HFR genes), few are deployed in the region, mostly due to a lack of molecular tools to support breeding efforts. Seahawk, a popular soft white spring wheat, contains resistance, but the gene identity is unknown. Using two recombinant inbred populations made from crossing soft white spring wheat cultivar Seahawk to spring club wheat cultivars JD and Melba, we set out to identify the source of resistance in Seahawk and to develop molecular markers that can be used to select for the gene in breeding populations. After acquiring the genetic marker information using Illumina’s 90K SNP technology, we were able to map the resistance gene to the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 6B and created three kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers that are effective in selecting for this gene in diverse backgrounds. Utilizing the Seahawk/JD population, we also studied how the wheat bread-making locus (wbm) affects the quality of soft white and club wheat. Soft white wheat and club wheat are produced and milled for their weak gluten properties and high starch contents that result in delicate crumb structures when baked. The wbm gene, however, is known to be associated with increased gluten strength properties and was identified in elite bread-making cultivars. At Washington State, the wbm gene is found at higher than expected frequencies among elite club and soft white wheat varieties. After testing the quality parameters of wbm isolines, we found that the locus does not negatively impact soft white wheat flour or dough properties.
Author: Justin J. Wheeler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Genetic markers
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Author: Robert L. Gallun
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hessian fly
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Author: Coit Alfred Suneson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Author: Nida Ghori
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Wheat is a staple food crop worldwide and insect damage is a major constraint for its production. Among the insects, Hessian fly (HF, Mayetiola destructor) is a destructive pest that significantly reduces wheat grain yield. To date, 37 HF resistant genes have been named, but diagnostic markers for these genes are lacking, which hampers their deployment in wheat breeding. HF resistance gene H34 on the short arm of chromosome 6B was one of the genes from a U.S. winter wheat Clark. To finely map H34, a cross was made between two F12 recombinant inbred lines (RIL115-S and RIL118-R) derived from Ning7840 x Clark. RIL118-R carries the resistance allele and RIL118-S carries the susceptibility allele at H34. Screening 286 (RIL115-S x RIL118-R) F3 lines using flanking Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers identified five heterogenous inbred families (HIFs) segregating at H34. The first round of screening of 159 homozygous recombinant plants from five different HIFs using the KASP markers delimited H34 to a 5.0 Mb interval. Genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis of the four pairs of near-isogenic lines (NILs) from the selected HIFs identified additional SNPs in the H34 region that further narrowed the H34 region to 1.3 Mb after screening 75 additional homozygous recombinant NILs. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of the four pairs of NILs identified three differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the H34 interval and they were considered as the putative H34 candidate genes for further study. Using the sequences of the DEGs and GBS-SNPs identified in the H34 interval, seven KASP markers were designed and validated to be diagnostic in a US winter wheat panel of 203 lines. These markers can be used in gene pyramiding of H34 with other HF resistance genes using marker-assisted selection (MAS) in the U.S. wheat-breeding programs. Furthermore, studying mechanism of HF resistance in wheat using RNA-seq data revealed that genes encoding defense proteins, stress-regulating transcription factors, and secondary metabolites were strongly up regulated within the first 48 hours of larval feeding, revealing an early defense in resistant wheat plants in response to larval attack. Also, HF feeding on resistant plants triggered the secretions of R-gene receptors by HF to initiate a hypersensitive response (HR) in the plants. This HR response resulted in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to up regulate the downstream genes involved in cell wall fortification and activation of different transcription factors (TFs), which prevents HF to access the nutrients in the resistant plants and eventually results in the death of HF larvae. The new knowledge generated in this study will aid in better understanding of HF-resistant mechanisms and developing new crop improvement strategies to increase HF resistance in wheat.
Author: Robert L. Gallun
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780364034057
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Excerpt from Wheat Cultivars Resistant to Races of Hessian Fly Seven races of Hessian flies have been iso lated in the United States. The Great Plains race is most prevalent west Of central Kansas. Races A, B, C, D, and E are found in the eastern soft wheat region where race A is generally pre dominant, although races B and E are most prevalent in certain areas Of Indiana and Geor gia, respectively. Races B and E differ from one another in their ability to infest wheats having the Dawson, W38, and p.i. 94587 sources Of resistance. Race F, a new race capable Of infest ing wheats having the W38 resistance but not the Seneca type of resistance, has been bred in the laboratory. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Harry W. Somsen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hessian fly
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Author: Ronell Joey Carcallas Cainong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n=6x=42, AABBDD) is a recent polyploid and originates from a limited number of founder genotypes. Domestication bottlenecks further reduced genetic diversity. The wheat gene pool, which consists of landraces and wild relatives such as rye (Secale cereale L.), Leymus racemosus Tien and Elymus tsukushiensis Honda, is a rich source of genetic diversity. Agronomically important traits can be transferred from these gene pools to wheat through chromosome engineering. This dissertation describes chromosome engineering and pre-breeding efforts for resistance to Hessian fly and Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat. The germplasm with a whole-arm rye translocation, T2BS·2R#2L, contains the highly effective Hessian fly resistance gene, H21, and an unnamed powdery mildew resistance gene. Directed chromosome engineering was used to shorten the whole-arm rye segment. The recovered wheat-rye recombinant chromosome, T2BS·2BL-2R#2L, had a shorter rye segment but still contained the H21 gene and was transferred through backcrosses to adapted winter and spring wheat cultivars. This study released the germplasm KS09WGGRC51, which is used in wheat breeding programs in the U.S.A. Two novel sources of FHB resistance were identified in L. racemosus and E. tsukushiensis. Fhb3 present in the wheat-L. racemosus T7AL·7Lr#1S Robertsonian translocation was transferred into the adapted Kansas winter wheat cultivar Fuller. The wheat-E. tsukushiensis disomic addition translocation line confers FHB resistance. Ph1b-induced homoeologous recombination was used to produce wheat-E. tsukushiensis recombinants. The distal and interstitial recombinants were identified using molecular markers and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). A combination of molecular cytogenetic analyses determined that the distal recombinant involved wheat chromosome 1A and a small distal segment originating from the E. tsukushiensis chromosome arm, 1E[superscript]ts#1S, resulting in the recombinant chromosome T1AL·1AS-1E[superscript]ts#1S. The interstitial recombinant involves an unidentified wheat chromosome and appears to be highly rearranged. Both recombinants confer high levels of type II FHB resistance (resistance to spread within the head) based on point inoculations in the greenhouse. To date, these two recombinants are the smallest alien introgression with FHB resistance in common wheat. This germplasm material has been released as KS14WGRC61. The distal recombinant can be used directly for breeding of FHB-resistant cultivars worldwide.
Author: Esra Alwan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Hessian fly and stripe rust are major pests of spring wheat in the Pacific Northwest and cultivar resistance is a primary breeding goal. Hessian fly (HF) infestations continue to cause significant yield losses in spring wheat in the Pacific Northwest. In wheat, resistance to Hessian fly is usually controlled in a gene for gene manner, similar to other pathosystems. Hessian fly resistance genes in wheat have been failing as a result to the rapid evolutionary pace of the insect. Stripe rust (denoted by Yr) is a destructive foliar disease of wheat casing damage on an annual basis. Most of the Yr named resistance genes have been overcome as a result of the continuing emergence of new virulence races. Genetic resistance remains the most effective and economical approach to minimize yield losses and respond to pathogen evolution. A doubled haploid (DH) mapping population was generated from a cross between two elite spring wheat lines; 'WA8076', and 'HT080158LU'. The DH population was genotyped with 90K SNP markers using the Illumina Infinium platform. Phenotypic assessment was carried out on the DH population for both Hessian fly and stripe rust response. The genotyping efforts resulted in a total 15,236 polymorphic SNP markers used to establish a high-density genetic map. A single Hessian fly resistance gene (HFR) derived from 'WA8076' was detected on the distal region of chromosome 6BS, flanked by two SNP markers IWB71431 and IWB61175 at a distance of 2.6 cM. In addition, a total of 13 genes/QTL were found to be associated with stripe rust resistance. The adapted superior lines with Yr resistance will be directly incorporated in subsequent breeding efforts as a durable source of resistance. The closely linked SNP markers to the resistance loci, identified in this study, will provide an effective tool to accurately identify, select, and integrate the HF and Yr resistance genes into existing wheat cultivars. The highly dense SNP-based genetic map provides useful information for fine mapping and finding candidate genes underlying QTLs as well as marker-assisted breeding. Furthermore, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) we performed for both seedling and adult plant response in a diverse population of winter wheat germplasm. The population was genotyped with the 90K iSelect wheat single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Our GWAS study identified a total of 26 loci, comprising a range of existing and novel loci associated with stripe rust resistance. Resistance loci in the winter wheat germplasm can be exploited in the development of broadly-effective disease-resistant commercial wheat cultivars.
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Author: Mustapha El Bouhssini
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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