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Author: Jinghua Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Demand for low cost Serializer and De-serializer (SerDes) integrated circuits has increased due to the widespread use of Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)/Gigabit Ethernet network and chip-to-chip interfaces such as PCI-Express (PCIe), Serial ATA(SATA) and Fibre channel standard applications. Among all these applications, clock data recovery (CDR) is one of the key design components. With the increasing demand for higher bandwidth and high integration. Complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor (CMOS) implementation is now a design trend for the predominant products in this research work, a fully integrated 10Gb/s (OC-192) CDR architecture in standard 0.18 um CMOS is developed. The proposed architecture integrates the typically large off-chip filter capacitor by using two feed-forward paths configuration to generate the required zero and poles and satisfies SONET jitter requirements with a total power dissipation (including the buffers) of 290mW. The chip exceeds SONET OC-192 jitter tolerance mask, and high frequency jitter tolerance is over 0.31 UIpp by applying PRBS data with a pattern length of 231-1. The implementation is the first fully integrated 10Gb/s CDR IC which meets/exceeds the SONET standard in the literature. The second proposed CDR architecture includes an adaptive bang-bang control algorithm. For 6MHz sinusoidal jitter modulation, the new architecture reduces the tracking error to 11.4ps peak-to-peak, versus that of 19.7ps of the conventional bangbang CDR. The main contribution of the proposed architecture is that it optimizes the loop dynamics by adjusting the bang-bang bandwidth adaptively to minimize the steady state jitter of the CDR, which leads to an improved jitter tolerance performance. According to simulation, the jitter performance is improved by more than 0.04UI, which alleviates the stringent 0.1UI peak to peak jitter requirements in the PCIe/Fibre channel/Sonet Standard.
Author: Jinghua Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Demand for low cost Serializer and De-serializer (SerDes) integrated circuits has increased due to the widespread use of Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)/Gigabit Ethernet network and chip-to-chip interfaces such as PCI-Express (PCIe), Serial ATA(SATA) and Fibre channel standard applications. Among all these applications, clock data recovery (CDR) is one of the key design components. With the increasing demand for higher bandwidth and high integration. Complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor (CMOS) implementation is now a design trend for the predominant products in this research work, a fully integrated 10Gb/s (OC-192) CDR architecture in standard 0.18 um CMOS is developed. The proposed architecture integrates the typically large off-chip filter capacitor by using two feed-forward paths configuration to generate the required zero and poles and satisfies SONET jitter requirements with a total power dissipation (including the buffers) of 290mW. The chip exceeds SONET OC-192 jitter tolerance mask, and high frequency jitter tolerance is over 0.31 UIpp by applying PRBS data with a pattern length of 231-1. The implementation is the first fully integrated 10Gb/s CDR IC which meets/exceeds the SONET standard in the literature. The second proposed CDR architecture includes an adaptive bang-bang control algorithm. For 6MHz sinusoidal jitter modulation, the new architecture reduces the tracking error to 11.4ps peak-to-peak, versus that of 19.7ps of the conventional bangbang CDR. The main contribution of the proposed architecture is that it optimizes the loop dynamics by adjusting the bang-bang bandwidth adaptively to minimize the steady state jitter of the CDR, which leads to an improved jitter tolerance performance. According to simulation, the jitter performance is improved by more than 0.04UI, which alleviates the stringent 0.1UI peak to peak jitter requirements in the PCIe/Fibre channel/Sonet Standard.
Author: Behzad Razavi
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780780311497
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 516
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Book Description
Featuring an extensive 40 page tutorial introduction, this carefully compiled anthology of 65 of the most important papers on phase-locked loops and clock recovery circuits brings you comprehensive coverage of the field-all in one self-contained volume. You'll gain an understanding of the analysis, design, simulation, and implementation of phase-locked loops and clock recovery circuits in CMOS and bipolar technologies along with valuable insights into the issues and trade-offs associated with phase locked systems for high speed, low power, and low noise.
Author: Shahab Ardalan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 121
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Book Description
Advances in technology and the introduction of high speed processors have increased the demand for fast, compact and commercial methods for transferring large amounts of data. The next generation of the communication access network will use optical fiber as a media for data transmission to the subscriber. In optical data or chip-to-chip data communication, the continuous received data needs to be converted to discrete data. For the conversion, a synchronous clock and data are required. A clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit recovers the phase information from the data and generates the in-phase clock and data. In this dissertation, two clock and data recovery circuits for Giga-bits per second (Gbps) serial data communication are designed and fabricated in 180nm and 90nm CMOS technology. The primary objective was to reduce the circuit power dissipation for multi-channel data communication applications. The power saving is achieved using low swing voltage signaling scheme. Furthermore, a novel low input swing Alexander phase detector is introduced. The proposed phase detector reduces the power consumption at the transmitter and receiver blocks. The circuit demonstrates a low power dissipation of 340[mu]W/Gbps in 90nm CMOS technology. The CDR is able to recover the input signal swing of 35mVp. The peak-to-peak jitter is 21ps and RMS jitter is 2.5ps. Total core area excluding pads is approximately 0.01mm2.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
Clock and data recovery circuits play a very important role in modern data communication systems. It has very wide application in many areas, such as optical communications and interconnection between chips [1]. Today in IC industry, the shrinkage of feature size increasingly enlarges the uncertainty of circuit performance caused by process variation. As the data transmission speed dramatically increases, this uncertainty will heavily affect the clock and data recovery circuit performance and reliability in communication systems. Thus, research on performance variation of a clock and data recovery circuit caused by process variation is meaningful. The conclusion will have significant influence on chip testing. In this research, a clock and data recovery circuit is laid out by TSMC 180nm technology. The performance variation caused by process variation is investigated by HSPICE simulation, and compared with the theoretical analysis results derived through the mathematical model of the clock and data recovery circuit. The results demonstrate that our theoretical model matches well with the real simulations. Both theoretical and simulation results also indicate that process variations in the low pass filter have significant impact on performance parameters such as damping ratio, natural frequency, and lock time of the clock and data recovery circuit. Reference 1. B. Razavi, Challenges in the design high-speed clock and data recovery circuits, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 94- 101, Aug. 2002.
Author: Fei Yuan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387476911
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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Book Description
This book deals with the analysis and design of CMOS current-mode circuits for data communications. CMOS current-mode sampled-data networks, i.e. switched-current circuits, are excluded. Major subjects covered in the book include: a critical comparison of voltage-mode and current-mode circuits; the building blocks of current-mode circuits: design techniques; modeling of wire channels, electrical signaling for Gbps data communications; ESD protection for current-mode circuits and more. This book will appeal to IC design engineers, hardware system engineers and others.
Author: Zainab binti Mohamad Ashari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Integrated circuits
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Book Description
Clock data recovery (CDR) circuits are in high demand due to development in communication technology such as improvements in transmit/receive processing and GHz transfer bandwidths via wired and wireless media. Large bandwidth data with high transfer rates encounter several major problems at the reception. Electrical signals are easily distorted with large bandwidth data when transmitted at high speeds. Existence of noise will cause disturbance or undesired signals at the output of the system. Minimizing the effects of jitter in CDR system is important to protect the signal from disturbance and to maintain low phase noise. A 5 Gbps clock data recovery circuit using PLL approach is proposed in this work. Hardware Description language, Verilog-AMS has been implemented as a modeling language for CDR using SMASH Dolphin Integrated software. The architecture of the proposed PLL CDR circuits incorporates a phase detector, RLC low-pass filter, voltage-controlled oscillator, and divider. Evaluation of the CDR performance is based on the design, frequency, transfer rate, supply voltage, and phase noise. The proposed circuit has a simple configuration powered using low supply of 1.0 V and operates in high speed of 5 Gbps. The phase noise performance is measure using four different offsets. Less phase noise of -130.29 dBc/Hz is generated without jitter added on it. To simulate jitter from 1 MHz to 100 GHz a pulse is added in each block of the CDR circuit and the circuit's performance is evaluated. CDR with jitter from 10 GHz up to 100 GHz at VCO produces the highest phase noise at the output port of -125.10 dBc/Hz. The PLL-based CDR circuit is affected when jitter pulses is added at the VCO. The proposed PLL-based CDR circuit is suitable for PCIe application with 5 Gbps transfer rate, low supply voltage, and has low phase noise.
Author: Behzad Razavi
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118439457
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 444
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Book Description
The only book on integrated circuits for optical communications that fully covers High-Speed IOs, PLLs, CDRs, and transceiver design including optical communication The increasing demand for high-speed transport of data has revitalized optical communications, leading to extensive work on high-speed device and circuit design. With the proliferation of the Internet and the rise in the speed of microprocessors and memories, the transport of data continues to be the bottleneck, motivating work on faster communication channels. Design of Integrated Circuits for Optical Communications, Second Edition deals with the design of high-speed integrated circuits for optical communication transceivers. Building upon a detailed understanding of optical devices, the book describes the analysis and design of critical building blocks, such as transimpedance and limiting amplifiers, laser drivers, phase-locked loops, oscillators, clock and data recovery circuits, and multiplexers. The Second Edition of this bestselling textbook has been fully updated with: A tutorial treatment of broadband circuits for both students and engineers New and unique information dealing with clock and data recovery circuits and multiplexers A chapter dedicated to burst-mode optical communications A detailed study of new circuit developments for optical transceivers An examination of recent implementations in CMOS technology This text is ideal for senior graduate students and engineers involved in high-speed circuit design for optical communications, as well as the more general field of wireline communications.
Author: Rohit Sharma
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466589426
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Three-dimensional (3D) integration of microsystems and subsystems has become essential to the future of semiconductor technology development. 3D integration requires a greater understanding of several interconnected systems stacked over each other. While this vertical growth profoundly increases the system functionality, it also exponentially increases the design complexity. Design of 3D Integrated Circuits and Systems tackles all aspects of 3D integration, including 3D circuit and system design, new processes and simulation techniques, alternative communication schemes for 3D circuits and systems, application of novel materials for 3D systems, and the thermal challenges to restrict power dissipation and improve performance of 3D systems. Containing contributions from experts in industry as well as academia, this authoritative text: Illustrates different 3D integration approaches, such as die-to-die, die-to-wafer, and wafer-to-wafer Discusses the use of interposer technology and the role of Through-Silicon Vias (TSVs) Presents the latest improvements in three major fields of thermal management for multiprocessor systems-on-chip (MPSoCs) Explores ThruChip Interface (TCI), NAND flash memory stacking, and emerging applications Describes large-scale integration testing and state-of-the-art low-power testing solutions Complete with experimental results of chip-level 3D integration schemes tested at IBM and case studies on advanced complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) integration for 3D integrated circuits (ICs), Design of 3D Integrated Circuits and Systems is a practical reference that not only covers a wealth of design issues encountered in 3D integration but also demonstrates their impact on the efficiency of 3D systems.
Author: Yuyu Liu
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814478709
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
This book explores the unique advantages and large inherent transmission capacity of optical fiber communication systems. The long-term and high-risk research challenges of optical transceivers are analyzed with a view to sustaining the seemingly insatiable demand for bandwidth. A broad coverage of topics relating to the design of high-speed optical devices and integrated circuits, oriented to low power, low cost, and small area, is discussed.Written by specialists with many years of research and engineering experience in the field of optical fiber communication, this book is essential for an audience dedicated to the development of integrated electronic systems for optical communication applications. It can also be used as a supplementary text for graduate courses on optical transceiver IC design.
Author: Maher Assaad
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Abstract This thesis describes the design and implementation of a fully monolithic 10 Gb/s phase and frequency-locked loop based clock and data recovery (PFLL-CDR) integrated circuit, as well as the Verilog-A modeling of an asynchronous serial link based chip to chip communication system incorporating the proposed concept. The proposed design was implemented and fabricated using the 130 nm CMOS technology offered by UMC (United Microelectronics Corporation). Different PLL-based CDR circuits topologies were investigated in terms of architecture and speed. Based on the investigation, we proposed a new concept of quarter-rate (i.e. the clocking speed in the circuit is 2.5 GHz for 10 Gb/s data rate) and dual-loop topology which consists of phase-locked and frequency-locked loop. The frequency-locked loop (FLL) operates independently from the phase-locked loop (PLL), and has a highly-desired feature that once the proper frequency has been acquired, the FLL is automatically disabled and the PLL will take over to adjust the clock edges approximately in the middle of the incoming data bits for proper sampling. Another important feature of the proposed quarter-rate concept is the inherent 1-to-4 demultiplexing of the input serial data stream. A new quarter-rate phase detector based on the non-linear early-late phase detector concept has been used to achieve the multi-Giga bit/s speed and to eliminate the need of the front-end data pre-processing (edge detecting) units usually associated with the conventional CDR circuits. An eight-stage differential ring oscillator running at 2.5 GHz frequency center was used for the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) to generate low-jitter multi-phase clock signals. The transistor level simulation results demonstrated excellent performances in term of locking speed and power consumption. In order to verify the accuracy of the proposed quarter-rate concept, a clockless asynchronous serial link incorporating the proposed concept and communicating two chips at 10 Gb/s has been modelled at gate level using the Verilog-A language and time-domain simulated.
