Design and Synthesis of Small-molecule and Polymeric Materials Containing Coplanar Pi-cores and Their Applications in Organic Solar Cells PDF Download
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Author: 鍾進龍
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: 鍾進龍
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Haichang Zhang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889716112
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Author: Haichang Zhang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889664813
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Author: 林立彥
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Frederik C. Krebs
Publisher: DEStech Publications, Inc
ISBN: 1605950173
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Book offers a comprehensive treatment of nonhybrid polymeric solar cells from the basic chemistry of donor and acceptor materials through device design, processing and manufacture. Written by a team of Europe-based experts, the text shows the steps and strategies of successfully moving from the science of solar cells to commercial device production. Chapters focus on technologies that lead to increased efficiencies, longer usable life and lower costs. Highlighted are ways to fabricate solar cells from a range of polymers and develop them into marketable commodities. Special consideration is given to solar cells as intellectual property.
Author: Paul Barber Armstrong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
The harvesting of solar energy using photovoltaics has the potential to provide a significant portion of the world's energy. For this to happen, the cost per watt of power produced from photovoltaics must decrease. Excitonic solar cells, including organic solar cells and dye-sensitized solar cells, have the potential to provide the necessary cost savings. However, power conversion efficiencies must be improved before these devices can become practical. This dissertation describes the implementation of several strategies to improve the efficiency of organic polymer and dye-sensitized solar cells. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to current research on excitonic solar cells with a focus on organic polymer and dye-sensitized cells. The detailed mechanisms of photocurrent generation in each type of cell are discussed, and the factors that determine efficiencies are outlined. In addition, an overview of the progress over the last decade in research on polymer photovoltaics is given. Finally, the future prospects for achieving high efficiency devices are described. Chapter 2 details a strategy for controlling the morphology of photovoltaic blends of conjugated polymers and small molecule perylene diimide dyes. Blends of these two materials are subject to excessive phase separation that decreases photovoltaic performance. The development of compatibilizers that alleviate this phase separation is described. A diblock copolymer of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and a perylene diimide (PDI) side chain polymer is an effective compatibilizer. Addition of this material to blends of P3HT and PDI suppresses the formation of micron-sized crystals and results in a 50% improvement in solar cell efficiency. The synthesis of a diblock copolymer of poly(3-(4-octylphenyl)thiophene) and the PDI side chain polymer is also described. This material functions as a compatibilizer, but does not allow for improved photovoltaic efficiency. Chapter 3 describes the synthesis and characterization of a low bandgap conjugated polymer with thermally removable solubilizing groups. Following solution-based deposition of thin films of this polymer, heat can induce the cleavage and evaporation of the alkyl solubilizing chains, resulting in an insoluble film. The optical properties change considerably during this process: the bandgap decreases, and the absorption coefficient increases dramatically. These properties were exploited to fabricate bilayers of the low bandgap material and a highly fluorescent commercial polymer. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer from the fluorescent material to the low bandgap polymer is efficient over 30 nm. Such a scheme could be utilized to overcome the exciton diffusion bottleneck in layered polymer solar cells. In chapter 4, the synthesis of novel n-type polymers based on PDI monomers is described. With appropriate substitution of alkyl chains, highly rigid perylene benzimidazole ladder polymers can be made soluble in common organic solvents. These materials have exceptionally low-lying LUMOs and possess unusual fluorescence properties. Fully planar perylene ethynylene polymers are also synthesized and characterized. Despite their planarity, data from absorbance and fluorescence spectra suggest that the PDI units in these polymers are poorly coupled electronically. X-Ray diffraction shows that the [pi]-stacking distance varies in these materials depending on the nature of the solubilizing groups and can be decreased through solvent annealing. Chapter 5 describes how light harvesting can be improved in dye-sensitized solar cells by adding a second dye that transfers energy to the primary sensitizing dye. In liquid cells, incorporation of a PDI dye in the liquid electrolyte solution results in a 28% improvement in power conversion efficiency. Energy transfer is at least 50% efficient despite significant quenching of the perylene dye's fluorescence by the iodide redox couple. Efforts to employ energy transfer in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells are also described. This is more challenging because the solid-state hole transporter is an excellent quencher of fluorescent dyes. However, it is shown that this quenching can be prevented by self-assembling dyes such as fluorescein 548 into a poly(propyleneimine) dendrimer. Unfortunately, processing conditions that allow the dendrimer/dye conjugates to penetrate the pores of the cell's titania films have not yet been found.
Author: Kui Zhao
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889661946
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Author: Robert James Thompson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
This dissertation describes the synthesis and characterization of several novel conjugated polymers and small molecules for use in research on organic photovoltaics (i.e. polymer solar cells/organic solar cells). Chapter 1 is an introductory chapter that briefly introduces semiconducting polymers and gives a brief overview of their use in polymer solar cells. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis and characterization of the conjugated polyelectrolyte, poly{(4,4-bis(3'-(N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)propyl)cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene)-2,6-diyl-alt-(thiophene-2,5-diyl)} bromide (PCT). Chapter 3 describes the synthesis and characterization of a series of conjugated polymers containing substituted dithieno[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine monomer units, and also describes the fabrication and analysis of solar cells devices made from these materials. Chapter 4 describes the synthesis and characterization of a series of conjugated polymers and small molecules based on the condensation of various aromatic o-diamines with o-diketones to produce novel N-heteroacenes. Chapter 5 gives a brief review of the work reported in this dissertation and provides suggestions for future work that can be built on those findings.
Author: Yuhang Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Organic compounds
Languages : en
Pages : 133
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Book Description
Author: Yoshiki Chujo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811328897
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Book Description
This book introduces the recent progress that has resulted from utilizing the idea of "element-block polymers". A structural unit consisting of various groups of elements is called an "element-block." The design and synthesis of new element-blocks, polymerization of these blocks, and development of methods of forming higher-order structures and achieving hierarchical interface control in order to yield the desired functions are expected to result in manifold advantages. These benefits will encourage the creation of new polymeric materials that share, at a high level, electronic, optical, and magnetic properties not achievable with conventional organic polymeric materials as well as forming properties of molding processability and flexible designability that inorganic materials lack. By pioneering innovative synthetic processes that exploit the reactivity of elements and the preparation techniques employed for inorganic element-blocks, the aim is (1) to create a new series of innovative polymers based on the novel concept of element-block polymers, in which the characteristics of elements are extensively combined and utilized, and (2) to formulate theories related to these polymers. This book demonstrates especially the design strategies and the resulting successful examples offering highly functional materials that utilize element-block polymers as a key unit.
