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Author: L. A. Bray
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nitration
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
Author: L. A. Bray
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nitration
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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A process was developed for the destruction of HNO3 in Purex-type waste solutions using sugar. Polyhydroxy compounds such as sucrose, fructose, glucose, and crude syrups such as black strap molasses rapidly and controllably decompose HNO3 in aqueous solutions at temperatures above approximately 85 deg C. The number of moles of HNO3 destroyed per mole of sugar fed is a function of the temperature of reaction and the moles of dissolved multivalent metal cations (such as iron and chromium). The efficiency of HNO3 destruction does not vary with acid concentration over the range of 0.5 to 8 M. However, destruction of acid does vary with iron concentration. Approximately 12 to 20 moles of HNO3 are destroyed per mole of sucrose fed as the iron concentration increases from 0 to 1 M. Products of the denitration reaction are all gaseous, consisting of oxides of carbon and nitrogen. The process was successfully tested in the high level hot cells, the cold pilot plant denitration unit, and in the Purex plant. (P.C.H.).
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Batch denitration of synthetic Purex waste was investigated in 12 batch runs in the pilot plant denitration unit. Sugar was continuously added to 25 liters of hot waste. After sugar addition was complete, the hot solution was digested for several hours. The reaction proceeded smoothly and was easily controlled. About 19 to 22 moles of nitric acid were destroyed per mole of sugar with a reaction pot temperature of 100 deg C and a digestion period of 12 hours. About 17 moles of nitric acid were destroyed per mole of sugar when the reaction pot temperature was reduced to 95 deg C.A possible plant flowsheet for batch denitration with sugar was developed. This ilowsheet presumes batch denitration of large 2,500-gallon batches of waste in a standard 5,000-gallon Purex Plant tank and incorporates 12 hours of sugar addition and 12 hours of digestion. The flowsheet was successfully demonstrated in the pilot plant equipment. A 1.4M sugar solution was added to 25 liters of hot (100 deg C) waste for 12 hours and the mixture was digested for 18 hours. The initial nitric acid concentration was 6.14M. The residual nitric acid concentration was 0.94 and 0.90M after 12 and 18 hours of digestion, respectively. A residual carbon content equivalent to 1.9 and 0.4% of the total carbon fed as sugar was present after 12 and 18 hours of digestion, respectively. About 19 moles of nitric acid were destroyed per mole of sugar fed. Foaming was produced during batch denitration with sugar by addition of 0.4 gram of dibutyl phosphate per liter of synthetic waste. The addition of 0.2 gram of Dow-Corning Antifoam B per liter of waste reduced foam levels by about a factor of two. An induction period of about six to nine minutes was observed before the reaction started. The length of the induction period increased as initial sugar addition rates were reduced. Gentle air sparging reduced the induction period by about a factor of two. Attempts to use sodium nitrite as a means of decreasing the induction period were not successful. Sugar solution was added to cold waste, and the mixture was heated to determine the pot pressures and tower pressure drops that could be developed under abnormal conditions. A decrease in pot vacuum of 30 in. of water and a tower pressure drop of 8 in. of water were observed when 20 liters of waste and 2.7 liters of 2.5M sugar solution were mixed together and rapidly heated to 100 deg C. (auth).
Author: L. A. Bray
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nitration
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Author: L. Cécille
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401197571
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 189
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The purpose of the Seminar was to provide an international interdisciplinary forum for in-depth discussions on the pros and cons of a denitration step by chemical means in the course of solidification of MAW (medium active waste) and HAW (highly active waste), prior to feeding the calciner or melter. In particular, differences In the volatility of some components and aerosol formation during the vitrification step are of interest. Chemical rather than thermal denitration may have particular merits which could simplify off-gas purification. A reduction in the salt burden of waste solutions, leading to a reduction In the volume of solid waste, may also be achieved. The scientific programme of the Seminar consisted of invited lectures only, given by experts actively engaged in this field of research. The emphasis was on extensive discussions among the partiCipants, with the aim of leading to an objective understanding of the state-of-the-art. The meeting also indentified issues and options for future research.
Author:
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Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 948
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Author: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear facilities
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Author: T. F. Evans
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Formaldehyde
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 2180
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Author: Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Health Physics Division
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biophysics
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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