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Author: Diana F. Tomback
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clark's nutcracker
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) seeds are dispersed by Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), a bird that makes caches under 2-3 cm of soil. Cached seeds may delay germination for one or more years in part because of underdeveloped embryos at the time of seed dispersal. Consequently, whitebark pine may show a soil seed bank strategy that is unique among pines (Pinaceae, Pinus). From 1990 to 1995 we studied natural whitebark pine regeneration following the 1988 Yellowstone fires to determine: (1) whether whitebark pine typically exhibits delayed seed germination and, if so, (2) how this affects patterns of regeneration over time, and (3) whether germination is the result of seed maturation or is stimulated by high levels of moisture availability. We established 275 permanent plots, each 20 m2 in area, divided between Henderson Mountain, Gallatin National Forest, Montana, and Mt. Washburn, Yellowstone National Park. In the Henderson Mountain study area, the ecological conditions or "treatments'' included: dry, burned; moist, burned; dry, unburned; and moist, unburned. In the Mt. Washburn study area, the ecological treatments were dry, burned; moist, burned; and moist, moderately burned. Synchronous delayed seed germination occurred throughout both study areas. The greatest densities of new seedlings appeared in the summers of 1991 and 1993, but the greatest cone crops were produced in 1989 and 1991. Most germination followed two winters of seed dormancy. Regeneration densities were consistently highest on the Mt. Washburn moist treatments. High correlation between weighted means for new regeneration and March-plus-April precipitation, as well as the results of residual and multiple regression analyses, suggests that cone production two years prior and March-plus-April precipitation together account for the regeneration patterns in the Mt. Washburn study area. The role of precipitation requires a further study.
Author: Diana F. Tomback
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clark's nutcracker
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) seeds are dispersed by Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), a bird that makes caches under 2-3 cm of soil. Cached seeds may delay germination for one or more years in part because of underdeveloped embryos at the time of seed dispersal. Consequently, whitebark pine may show a soil seed bank strategy that is unique among pines (Pinaceae, Pinus). From 1990 to 1995 we studied natural whitebark pine regeneration following the 1988 Yellowstone fires to determine: (1) whether whitebark pine typically exhibits delayed seed germination and, if so, (2) how this affects patterns of regeneration over time, and (3) whether germination is the result of seed maturation or is stimulated by high levels of moisture availability. We established 275 permanent plots, each 20 m2 in area, divided between Henderson Mountain, Gallatin National Forest, Montana, and Mt. Washburn, Yellowstone National Park. In the Henderson Mountain study area, the ecological conditions or "treatments'' included: dry, burned; moist, burned; dry, unburned; and moist, unburned. In the Mt. Washburn study area, the ecological treatments were dry, burned; moist, burned; and moist, moderately burned. Synchronous delayed seed germination occurred throughout both study areas. The greatest densities of new seedlings appeared in the summers of 1991 and 1993, but the greatest cone crops were produced in 1989 and 1991. Most germination followed two winters of seed dormancy. Regeneration densities were consistently highest on the Mt. Washburn moist treatments. High correlation between weighted means for new regeneration and March-plus-April precipitation, as well as the results of residual and multiple regression analyses, suggests that cone production two years prior and March-plus-April precipitation together account for the regeneration patterns in the Mt. Washburn study area. The role of precipitation requires a further study.
Author: Mary Ann Franke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fire ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Author: Phillip E. Farnes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Precipitation (Meteorology)
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
In April 2002, a personnel services contract was initiated between Yellowstone National Park (Tom Olliff, Chief, Branch of Natural Resources) and Snowcap Hydrology to obtain necessary snow measurements to develop snowmelt patterns on permanent plots established on Mount Washburn after the 1988 fires. Information was to be provided to Dr. Diana Tomback to use in her study on the STATUS OF WHITEBARK PINE REGENERATION IN THE GREATER YELLOWSTONE AREA FOLLOWING THE 1988 FIRES: BURNED VS. UNBURNED FORESTS AND MESIC VS ZERIC CONDITIONS; ASSESSMENT OF BLISTER RUST INFECTION IN SEEDLINGS. This project was permitted under number YELL-2002-SCI-0205. Additional investigators on this project were Dr. Anna Schoettle, USFS Fort Collins, Colorado and Phil Farnes, Snowcap Hydrology, Bozeman, Montana. The results of 2002 were reported in SNOWMELT PATTERNS AS PREDICTORS OF POST-FIRE WHITEBARK PINE REGENERATION DENSITIES ON MOUNT WASHBURN, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, Snowmelt on Whitebark Pine Plots, Spring 2002 dated July 2002. --Excerpt from introduction.
Author: Diana F. Tomback
Publisher: Island Press
ISBN: 9781597263207
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 462
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Book Description
Whitebark pine is a dominant feature of western high-mountain regions, offering an important source of food and high-quality habitat for species ranging from Clark's nutcracker to the grizzly bear. But in the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada, much of the whitebark pine is disappearing. Why is a high-mountain species found in places rarely disturbed by humans in trouble? And what can be done about it.Whitebark Pine Communities addresses those questions, explaining how a combination of altered fire regimes and fungal infestation is leading to a rapid decline of this once abundant -- and ecologically vital -- species. Leading experts in the field explain what is known about whitebark pine communities and their ecological value, examine its precarious situation, and present the state of knowledge concerning restoration alternatives. The book. presents an overview of the ecology and status of whitebark pine communities offers a basic understanding of whitebark pine taxonomy, distribution, and ecology, including environmental tolerances, community disturbance processes, regeneration processes, species interactions, and genetic population structure identifies the threats to whitebark pine communities explains the need for management intervention surveys the extent of impact and losses to dateMore importantly, the book clearly shows that the knowledge and management tools are available to restore whitebark pine communities both locally and on a significant scale regionally, and it provides specific information about what actions can and must be taken.Whitebark Pine Communities offers a detailed portrait of the ecology of whitebark pine communities and the current threats to them. It brings together leading experts to provide in-depth information on research needs, management approaches, and restoration activities, and will be essential reading for ecologists, land managers, and anyone concerned with the health of forest ecosystems in the western United States.
Author: Diana F. Tomback
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lodgepole pine
Languages : en
Pages : 3
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Book Description
Successional whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) communities are dependent on fire and other disturbances for renewal (Arno 2001). Where whitebark pine regenerates results from cache site selection by Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) in relation to the environmental tolerances of seeds and seedlings (Tomback 2001). After the 1988 Yellowstone fires, we studied the development of upper subalpine forest communities with particular focus on the regeneration of whitebark pine in two study areas - Mt. Washburn in Yellowstone National Park, and Henderson Mtn. in Gallatin National Forest. Fire history and patterns of community regeneration of the predominantly seral lodgepole pine forests in the southcentral and southwestern regions of Yellowstone National Park have been well studied (e.g., Romme 1982; Turner and others 1997), whereas whitebark pine communities have been less studied.
Author: Douglas W. Smith
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691218730
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
A beautifully illustrated survey of Yellowstone’s breathtaking birdlife, written by a team of renowned ornithologists and wildlife biologists Established in 1872, Yellowstone National Park is the oldest and arguably the most famous national park in North America, attracting millions of visitors each year. While many come to the park for its recreational activities, the wildlife of Yellowstone is just as alluring. This book brings together more than 30 leading experts to provide the first comprehensive survey of the natural history, science, and conservation of birds in Yellowstone. Covering most bird species breeding within the great park as well as the many migrants that pass through, Yellowstone’s Birds is a scientific tour de force and an essential resource for visitors to Yellowstone and bird lovers everywhere. Tallies more than 200 species, including migrants Describes the natural history, status, and latest science on the birds of Yellowstone Features fact-filled, easy-to-read chapters, informative sidebar essays, maps, infographics, and photos that present current science in an easily understood way Accompanied by videos by award-winning cinematographer Bob Landis Draws on a wealth of data on Yellowstone’s birds collected over many decades With contributions by many of today’s leading bird experts, this is a long-overdue survey of Yellowstone’s breathtaking avian fauna
Author: Diana F. Tomback
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forests and forestry
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Author: Peter A. Thomas
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139788876
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 239
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Book Description
How destructive or beneficial are forest fires to wildlife? Should we be trying to reduce or increase the amount of fire in forests? How are forest fires controlled, and why does this sometimes fail? What effect will climate change have? These and many other questions are answered in this richly illustrated book, written in non-technical language. The journey starts in the long geological history of fire leading up to our present love-hate relationship with it. Exploring the physics of how a single flame burns, the journey continues through how whole forests burn and the anatomy of firestorms. The positive and negative ecological effects of fires are explored, from plants and wildlife to whole landscapes. The journey ends with how fires are controlled, and a look to the future. This book will be of interest to ecologists, biogeographers and anyone with an interest in forest fires and the role they play.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forests and forestry
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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