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Author: Benjamin Türksoy
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 365614205X
Category : Literary Collections
Languages : en
Pages : 23
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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, University of Hamburg, language: English, abstract: In language, various ideas can be expressed in alternating ways which, in the end, can all have the same meaning. However, the speaker’s choices are influenced and restricted by linguistic factors. The following example of a fictive story shows, how various different words can all have the same meaning “Yesterday, I went to the park and I saw a boy who killed a pigeon by throwing big chunks of bread at its head. This made me so mad that I had to walk up to the boy and yell at him. Telling him that he shouldn’t have done what he did, he told me that he didn’t do it intentionally.” In this little story, “this”, “what he did”, and “it” all refer to the action of the boy killing the duck with a piece of bread. When the speaker of the story chose the pronoun “it”, he must have thought that his audience would easily identify “it” as the action of killing the duck. Speakers often tend to use pronouns instead of using the antecedent because it simplifies and shortens speech analysis. However, sometimes speech analysis can become very complicated and pronouns confuse the listener, let alone simplify the discourse. For example: (1) “Peter hit Harry. After this, he didn’t like him anymore.” In this case, the listener would have to have contextual information to determine whether Peter did not like Harry anymore or vice versa. Just from reading the sentence, the reader would not know what is really going on. As in this example, or in many other utterances and texts, where chains of pronouns strike the audience, discourse analysis becomes highly complicated.
Author: Benjamin Türksoy
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 365614205X
Category : Literary Collections
Languages : en
Pages : 23
Get Book Here
Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, University of Hamburg, language: English, abstract: In language, various ideas can be expressed in alternating ways which, in the end, can all have the same meaning. However, the speaker’s choices are influenced and restricted by linguistic factors. The following example of a fictive story shows, how various different words can all have the same meaning “Yesterday, I went to the park and I saw a boy who killed a pigeon by throwing big chunks of bread at its head. This made me so mad that I had to walk up to the boy and yell at him. Telling him that he shouldn’t have done what he did, he told me that he didn’t do it intentionally.” In this little story, “this”, “what he did”, and “it” all refer to the action of the boy killing the duck with a piece of bread. When the speaker of the story chose the pronoun “it”, he must have thought that his audience would easily identify “it” as the action of killing the duck. Speakers often tend to use pronouns instead of using the antecedent because it simplifies and shortens speech analysis. However, sometimes speech analysis can become very complicated and pronouns confuse the listener, let alone simplify the discourse. For example: (1) “Peter hit Harry. After this, he didn’t like him anymore.” In this case, the listener would have to have contextual information to determine whether Peter did not like Harry anymore or vice versa. Just from reading the sentence, the reader would not know what is really going on. As in this example, or in many other utterances and texts, where chains of pronouns strike the audience, discourse analysis becomes highly complicated.
Author: Wei-Tien Dylan Tsai
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0190210699
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
This edited volume provides new insights into the architecture of Chinese grammar from a comparative perspective, using principles of cartography. The chapters in this book map out the "topography" of a variety of constructions in Chinese, specifically information structure, wh-question formation, and peripheral functional elements. The syntactic structure of Chinese makes it an ideal language for this line of research, offering a window into the origin of heavily "scrambled" constructions often observed in other languages.
Author: Julia Hickey
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317864166
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 365
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Book Description
Literacy for QTLS is written specifically with the needs of all those training to teach or currently working in the lifelong learning sector in mind. This highly practical and easy-to-use text will help you identify your areas of strength and weakness, develop your knowledge and skills in order to pass the national literacy test and adopt strategies that you can use to support the language and literacy skills of your own learners. Packed with test-your-knowledge questions, examples and recommendations for best practice, this book, closely linked to the QTLS standards, is essential reading for all those needing to ensure that their level of literacy and language is in line with the minimum core requirements.The text is accompanied by a Companion Website at www.pearsoned.co.uk/hickey, providing an electronic version of the self-audit sections, downloadable templates and additional resources.
Author: Piotr Cap
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9027271550
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
This book proposes a new theory (“proximization theory”) in the area of political/public legitimization discourse. Located at the intersection of Pragmatics, Cognitive Linguistics and critical approaches, the theory holds that legitimization of broadly consequential political/public policies, such as pre-emptive interventionist campaigns, is best accomplished by forced construals of virtual external threats encroaching upon the speaker and her audience’s home territory. The construals, which proceed along spatial, temporal and axiological lines, are forced by strategic deployment of lexico-grammatical choices drawn from the three domains. This proposal is illustrated primarily in the in-depth analysis of the 2001-2010 US discourse of the War-on-Terror, and secondarily in a number of pilot studies pointing to a wide range of further applications (environmental discourse, health communication, cyber-threat discourse, political party-representation). The theory and the empirical focus of the book will appeal to researchers working on interdisciplinary projects in Pragmatics, Semantics, Cognitive Linguistics, Critical Discourse Studies, as well as Journalism and Media Studies.
Author: Judith F. Duchan
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1136482113
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 522
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Book Description
This volume describes the theoretical and empirical results of a seven year collaborative effort of cognitive scientists to develop a computational model for narrative understanding. Disciplines represented include artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, communicative disorders, education, English, geography, linguistics, and philosophy. The book argues for an organized representational system -- a Deictic Center (DC) -- which is constructed by readers from language in a text combined with their world knowledge. As readers approach a new text they need to gather and maintain information about who the participants are and where and when the events take place. This information plays a central role in understanding the narrative. The editors claim that readers maintain this information without explicit textual reminders by including it in their mental model of the story world. Because of the centrality of the temporal, spatial, and character information in narratives, they developed their notion of a DC as a crucial part of the reader's mental model of the narrative. The events that carry the temporal and spatial core of the narrative are linguistically and conceptually constrained according to certain principles that can be relatively well defined. A narrative obviously unfolds one word, or one sentence, at a time. This volume suggests that cognitively a narrative usually unfolds one place and time at a time. This spatio-temporal location functions as part of the DC of the narrative. It is the "here" and "now" of the reader's "mind's eye" in the world of the story. Organized into seven parts, this book describes the goal of the cognitive science project resulting in this volume, the methodological approaches taken, and the history of the collaborative effort. It provides a historical and theoretical background underlying the DC theory, including discussions of deixis in language and the nature of fiction. It goes on to outline the computational framework and how it is used to represent deixis in narrative, and details the linguistic devices implicated in the DC theory. Other subjects covered include: crosslinguistic indicators of subjectivity, psychological investigations of the use of deixis by children and adults as they process narratives, conversation, direction giving, implications for emerging literacy, and a narrator's experience in writing a short story.
Author: Horst Ruthrof
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1350230898
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 257
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Book Description
Horst Ruthrof revisits Husserl's phenomenology of language and highlights his late writings as essential to understanding the full range of his ideas. Focusing on the idea of language as imaginable as well as the role of a speech community in constituting it, Ruthrof provides a powerful re-assessment of his methodological phenomenology. From the Logical Investigations to untranslated portions of his Nachlass, Ruthrof charts all the developments and amendments in his theorizations. Ruthrof argues that it is the intersubjective character to linguistic meaning that is so emblematic of Husserl's position. Bringing his study up to the present day, Ruthrof discusses mental time travel, the evolution of language, and protosyntax in the context of Husserl's late writings, progressing a comprehensive new phenomenological ontology of language with wide-ranging implications for philosophy, linguistics, and cultural studies.
Author: Gabriella Airenti
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889451429
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Context is what contributes to interpret a communicative act beyond the spoken words. It provides information essential to clarify the intentions of a speaker, and thus to identify the actual meaning of an utterance. A large amount of research in Pragmatics has shown how wide-ranging and multifaceted this concept can be. Context spans from the preceding words in a conversation to the general knowledge that the interlocutors supposedly share, from the perceived environment to features and traits that the participants in a dialogue attribute to each other. This last category is also very broad, since it includes mental and emotional states, together with culturally constructed knowledge, such as the reciprocal identification of social roles and positions. The assumption of a cognitive point of view brings to the foreground a number of new questions regarding how information about the context is organized in the mind and how this kind of knowledge is used in specific communicative situations. A related, very important question concerns the role played in this process by theory of mind abilities (ToM), both in typical and atypical populations. In this Research Topic, we bring together articles that address different aspects of context analysis from theoretical and empirical perspectives, integrating knowledge and methods derived from Philosophy of language, Linguistics, Cognitive Science, Cognitive Neuroscience, Developmental and Clinical Psychology.
Author: Flavia Licciardello
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110681676
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 480
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Book Description
The book presents an analysis of communicative structures and deictic elements in Hellenistic dedicatory epigrams. Moving from the most recent linguistic theories on pragmatics and considering together both Stein- and Buchepigramme, this study investigates the linguistic means that are employed in texts transmitted on different media (the stone and the book) to point to and describe their spatial and temporal context. The research is based on the collection of a new corpus of Hellenistic book and inscribed dedicatory epigrams, which were compared to pre-Hellenistic dedicatory epigrams in order to highlight the crucial changes that characterise the development of the epigrammatic genre in the Hellenistic era. By demonstrating that the evolution of the epigrammatic genre moved on the same track for book and stone epigrams, this work offers an important contribution to the ongoing debate on the history of the epigrammatic genre and aims to stimulate further reflection on a poetic genre, which, since its origins in the Greek world, has been successful both in ancient and modern literary traditions.
Author: Muhammad Afzaal
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832539696
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
As culture and society has become more digitalized, especially when computer science and digital technologies have entered a new era in the twenty-first century, translation studies began to utilize a wide range of tools to enhance its reading of texts and contexts, without which translation both as a practice and as a theorization could barely persist. It has become more apparent that two extreme poles between macro and micro visions have formed the diversified terrains of translation studies. On the one hand, technologies like NLP, topic modeling, network analysis and data visualization make distant reading become possible, thus allowing us to have a paradigmatic view of how human’s ideas, beliefs, values, knowledge and even emotions have spread in some patterns across cultural, geographical and language divides in world history. On the other hand, corpus methods, such as the use of keywords, collocates and concordance lines changed the way by which texts were closely read from linear to vertical. With microscope like corpus tools, we could go deeper into the texture for perception of nuanced meaning. While considering a fact that translation is seldom mono modal in conveying meaning, we have to reconceptualize context as a multimodal environment where audio, visual and other resources interact to convey and make meaning. With regard to the fast development of digital technology, translation studies take an active role in gaining an enhanced capability in promoting transformation. Complexity has been favored in terms of theoretical framework and methodology. New questions are asked; old ones revisited with novel tools; but more areas wait to be cultivated and more questions to be approached by combining quantitative and qualitative methods. We could ask if digital technologies would bring new innovation to study of translation history, a heavily-walled land for traditional humanists who tend to repeat “so-what” to question the less significance of data-driven studies. The idea of high-quality machine translation has become so realistic in today’s market that translation educators have to face the shock wave it brought to translation learners and practitioners and rethink the relation between human translators and algorithms. Machine-translation-assisted communication could help remove boundaries for better communication; but at the same time, it also creates conflicts and leads to confrontation. Thus understood, it is imperative to give a concerned attention to digital translation studies, that is, to study translation by resorting to and drawing on the digital technologies. This Research Topic is intended to promote current directions and new developments in cross-disciplinary critical discourse research. We welcome papers which, from a critical-analytical perspective, deal with contemporary social, scientific, political, economic, or professional discourses and genres. Papers addressing the highlighted topics are especially welcome. In giving weight to these topics, we wish to call to attention some of the most pressing problems currently facing the world.
Author: Martin Middeke
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3476004066
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 539
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Book Description
Das ganze Studium der Anglistik und Amerikanistik in einem Band. Ob englische und amerikanische Literatur, Sprachwissenschaft, Literatur- und Kulturtheorie, Fachdidaktik oder die Analyse von Filmen und kulturellen Phänomenen führende Fachvertreter geben in englischer Sprache einen ausführlichen Überblick über alle relevanten Teildisziplinen. BA- und MA-Studierende finden hier die wichtigsten Grundlagen und Wissensgebiete auf einen Blick. Durch die übersichtliche Darstellung und das Sachregister optimal für das systematische Lernen und zum Nachschlagen geeignet.
