Degradation of Phenol by Ultrasonic Irradiation in Addition of Salt PDF Download
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Author: Nur Ismayuslini Saberi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Phenols
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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Book Description
Phenol is a potential hazard to human health and the environment. Sonication for phenol degradation has proved to be an attractive process over the years but percentage of phenol degradation under sonication have always been quite low and the use of catalyst also is not cost effective method. The degradation of phenol in aqueous solution was investigated by use of a 60 kHz ultrasonic reactor and all solutions volume was 100mL. Experiments were performed at initial phenol concentrations varying from 20 to 50 mg/L and different temperature in the range of 40-90oC. The pH of solution ranging from 1-4 was also adjusted by using hydrochloric acid. The effects of parameters such as initial phenol concentration, pH value, and temperature on the degradation have been studied. This research also investigated the use of simple additives such as salt on phenol degradation with an aim of cost effective method. The amount of salt used in all parameter effects was 100mg. There was comparison of phenol degradation with salt and without salt by all study effects and the phenol degradation also have been studied. The higher percentage of phenol degradation was at 20mg/L of initial concentration where the percentage of degradation was 10.2% phenol degraded without salt and 14.4% phenol degraded with salt and at pH 1 which is 28.3% phenol degraded for no salt added and 31.4% for salt added. The optimum temperature was at 70oC with 17.3% of degradation without salt and 21.3% of degradation with salt. The percentage of phenol degradation was increasing with increasing the amount of salt added. The higher percentage of degradation was 47.2% when 500mg salt was added. The results of the study showed that the ultrasonic phenol degradation increased with decreasing the pH values and initial phenol concentration and also increasing the temperature of reaction In the presence of additives, the phenol is converted into several intermediates, which are degraded faster than phenol itself so it leads to the increasing of percentage of phenol degradation.
Author: Nur Ismayuslini Saberi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Phenols
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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Book Description
Phenol is a potential hazard to human health and the environment. Sonication for phenol degradation has proved to be an attractive process over the years but percentage of phenol degradation under sonication have always been quite low and the use of catalyst also is not cost effective method. The degradation of phenol in aqueous solution was investigated by use of a 60 kHz ultrasonic reactor and all solutions volume was 100mL. Experiments were performed at initial phenol concentrations varying from 20 to 50 mg/L and different temperature in the range of 40-90oC. The pH of solution ranging from 1-4 was also adjusted by using hydrochloric acid. The effects of parameters such as initial phenol concentration, pH value, and temperature on the degradation have been studied. This research also investigated the use of simple additives such as salt on phenol degradation with an aim of cost effective method. The amount of salt used in all parameter effects was 100mg. There was comparison of phenol degradation with salt and without salt by all study effects and the phenol degradation also have been studied. The higher percentage of phenol degradation was at 20mg/L of initial concentration where the percentage of degradation was 10.2% phenol degraded without salt and 14.4% phenol degraded with salt and at pH 1 which is 28.3% phenol degraded for no salt added and 31.4% for salt added. The optimum temperature was at 70oC with 17.3% of degradation without salt and 21.3% of degradation with salt. The percentage of phenol degradation was increasing with increasing the amount of salt added. The higher percentage of degradation was 47.2% when 500mg salt was added. The results of the study showed that the ultrasonic phenol degradation increased with decreasing the pH values and initial phenol concentration and also increasing the temperature of reaction In the presence of additives, the phenol is converted into several intermediates, which are degraded faster than phenol itself so it leads to the increasing of percentage of phenol degradation.
Author: Ta Yeong Wu
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400755333
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 123
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Book Description
Over the past ten years, innovative technologies have shown that advanced oxidation processes are highly promising when applied to the remediation of polluted water or wastewater as they don’t generate any sludge or solid material of hazardous nature. Advances in Ultrasound Technology for Environmental Remediation reviews the fundamentals of ultrasound technology and the state of the art developments in “ultrasound-based free radical generation” in environmental remediation and pollution prevention. It also presents the challenges of introducing ultrasound technology into large-scale environmental remediation applications and examines the methods used to improve ultrasound technology. Indeed, ultrasonic systems are extremely sensitive and vulnerable to operational parameters which cannot be controlled without a good knowledge and understanding of physical and chemical phenomena. Advances in Ultrasound Technology for Environmental Remediation features the theory and fundamentals of ultrasound technology and discusses its potential as an alternative method in environmental remediation.
Author: Cheela V R Sankar
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659789137
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
The three-fold increase in the population along with the geometric growth in the necessities of the homosapiens created many industries which generate a wide variety of highly toxic wastes. The effluents of these industries often contain aromatic compounds that are resistant to natural degradation and therefore persist in the environment. In fact the prediction of the removal of individual xenobiotic chemicals still remains a very difficult task, with disparities in performance between laboratory-scale and full-scale systems. One of the major organic pollutants found in waste waters is phenol. Phenol besides being toxic, it is also a potential carcinogenic and mutagenic compound. To meet the effluent standards among the various treatment techniques that are available biological treatment was found to be feasible which may either result in incomplete mineralization or otherwise transforms the pollutant from one form to the other and photocatalytic degradation through solar irradiation using titanium dioxide as catalyst was found to be an alternative.
Author: Rachel Pflieger
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030117170
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
This book presents the latest research on fundamental aspects of acoustic bubbles, and in particular on various complementary ways to characterize them. It starts with the dynamics of a single bubble under ultrasound, and then addresses few-bubble systems and the formation and development of bubble structures, before briefly reviewing work on isolated bubbles in standing acoustic waves (bubble traps) and multibubble systems where translation and interaction of bubbles play a major role. Further, it explores the interaction of bubbles with objects, and highlights non-spherical bubble dynamics and the respective collapse geometries. It also discusses the important link between bubble dynamics and energy focusing in the bubble, leading to sonochemistry and sonoluminescence. The second chapter focuses on the emission of light by cavitation bubbles at collapse (sonoluminescence) and on the information that can be gained by sonoluminescence (SL) spectroscopy, e.g. the conditions reached inside the bubbles or the nature of the excited species formed. This chapter also includes a section on the use of SL intensity measurement under pulsed ultrasound as an indirect way to estimate bubble size and size distribution. Lastly, since one very important feature of cavitation systems is their sonochemical activity, the final chapter presents chemical characterizations, the care that should be taken in using them, and the possible visualization of chemical activity. It also explores the links between bubble dynamics, SL spectroscopy and sonochemical activity. This book provides a fundamental basis for other books in the Molecular Science: Ultrasound and Sonochemistry series that are more focused on applied aspects of sonochemistry. A basic knowledge of the characterization of cavitation bubbles is indispensable for the optimization of sonochemical processes, and as such the book is useful for specialists (researchers, engineers, PhD students etc.) working in the wide area of ultrasonic processing.
Author: Selcan Karakuş
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1838800018
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Book Description
This book was written by authors in the field of ultrasound-assited synthesis and their applications. Among others, some of the topics covered are: ultrasound-assited synthesis of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, graphene nanosheets, and ultrasound applications. In this book, authors focused on recent studies, applications, and new technological developments on fundamental properties of the ultrasound process.
Author: Muthupandian Ashokkumar
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789812874702
Category : Ultrasonics
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Suresh C. Ameta
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128105259
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 430
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Book Description
Advanced Oxidation Processes for Waste Water Treatment: Emerging Green Chemical Technology is a complete resource covering the fundamentals and applications of all Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). This book presents the most up-to-date research on AOPs and makes the argument that AOPs offer an eco-friendly method of wastewater treatment. In addition to an overview of the fundamentals and applications, it details the reactive species involved, along with sections on reactor designs, thus helping readers understand and implement these methods. - Presents in-depth coverage of all types of Advanced Oxidation Processes, including Super Critical Water Oxidation, Photo-Fenton and Like Processes - Includes a fundamental review, applications, reactive species and reactor designs - Reviews applications across waste types, including industrial waste, domestic and municipal sewage, and hospital wastes
Author: Simon Parsons
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1843390175
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 370
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Book Description
The suitability of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for pollutant degradation was recognised in the early 1970s and much research and development work has been undertaken to commercialise some of these processes. AOPs have shown great potential in treating pollutants at both low and high concentrations and have found applications as diverse as ground water treatment, municipal wastewater sludge destruction and VOCs control. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment is an overview of the advanced oxidation processes currently used or proposed for the remediation of water, wastewater, odours and sludge. The book contains two opening chapters which present introductions to advanced oxidation processes and a background to UV photolysis, seven chapters focusing on individual advanced oxidation processes and, finally, three chapters concentrating on selected applications of advanced oxidation processes. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment will be invaluable to readers interested in water and wastewater treatment processes, including professionals and suppliers, as well as students and academics studying in this area. Dr Simon Parsons is a Senior Lecturer in Water Sciences at Cranfield University with ten years' experience of industrial and academic research and development.
Author: Vincenzo Belgiorno
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1471076067
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
The increasing concern for the continuous release into the environment of emerging contaminants from diffuse and point sources (such as urban wastewater treatment plants), arouses high interest in technical and scientific community. The characterization of pollution sources and contamination pathways, natural degradation in surface water, disinfection by-products (NDMA) formation in drinking water, emerging contaminants removal by wastewater treatment processes (biological processes, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and solar driven AOPs) to control their release into the environment as well as to make wastewater reuse safer, are all issues specifically addressed in this book by internationally recognised experts from research and academic institutions. This book can be an useful tool for investigators and practitioners to approach the problem of the control of emerging contaminants spreading into the environment.
Author: T. J. Mason
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
Power ultrasound has been used for many years in two specific industrial areas: cleaning and plastic welding. Over the last ten years an increasing interest has been shown in its potential for use over a much wider range of chemistry and processing which has been grouped together under the general title of sonochemistry. Most of these uses depend on the generation of acoustic cavitation in liquid media but this text, while underlining the importance of the physics and mathematics of cavitation, mainly concentrates on applications of the technology. After an introduction to the topic and some historical background to the uses of power ultrasound the general principles of acoustic cavitation are explored including some background physics, bubble dynamics and factors which influence cavitation. The remainder of the book incorporates a series of applications of sonochemistry which illustrate the types of physical and chemical effects of ultrasonically induced cavitation which will interest chemists and engineers alike. Amongst the major topics included are chemical synthesis, environmental protection and remediation of water, sewage and soils, polymer synthesis and processing, electrochemistry including both analytical and synthetic aspects and plating. The final chapter reviews the range of ultrasonic equipment available in the laboratory and the progress made towards the scale-up of sonochemistry. The level is introductory to semi-advanced and no topic has been taken to a particularly specialist level since it is intended that this should be of general interest to readers with a scientific background.
