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Author: Ferdinand Guillard-Mesnard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 107
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Book Description
Author: Ferdinand Guillard-Mesnard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 107
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783447198547
Category : Accounting
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Volume 55,2 presents the contributions of the eighth meeting of the Working Group "Legal Documents in Ancient Societies", which was devoted to the topic "Accounts and Bookkeeping in the Ancient World". The volume is dedicated to an early and seemingly ubiquitous type of text, which often followed certain classification criteria and which, for the sake of easier clarity, was gladly subjected to a specially developed layout. In addition to the discussions of individual artefacts or artefact groups as well as literary texts, there are considerations of ancient and modern terminology, the choice of writing media used for this purpose, the bodies entrusted with data collection, the purposes pursued with it, the further processing and archiving of the collected data as well as their organisation at the various levels of administration. The examples from Emar and early Greece again show that a written version was by no means self-evident. The contributions not only draw attention once again to the high level of knowledge that can be gained from such a comparative approach, but also to the great potential of the always underestimated and only seemingly unattractive format of lists and directories. This undoubtedly applies to the entire field of economic administration, but also to questions of military affairs, demography, and sociology, for whose research this serial material is of importance that should not be underestimated.
Author: Edward E. Cohen
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190493666
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
This is a pioneering study that examines the sale of sex in classical Athens from a commercial (rather than from a cultural or moral) perspective. Following the author's earlier book on Athenian banking, this work analyzes erotic business at Athens in the context of the Athenian economy. For the Athenians, the social acceptability and moral standing of human labor was largely determined by the conditions under which work was performed. Pursued in a context characteristic of servile endeavor, prostitution--like all forms of slave labor--was contemptible. Pursued under conditions appropriate to non-servile endeavor, prostitution--like all forms of free labor--was not violative of Athenian work ethics. As a mercantile activity, however, prostitution was not untouched by Athenian antagonism toward commercial and manual pursuits; as the "business of sex," prostitution further evoked negativity from segments of Greek opinion uncomfortable with any form of carnality. Yet ancient sources also adumbrate another view, in which the sale of sex, lawful and indeed pervasive at Athens, is presented alluringly. In a book that will be of interest to all students of sex and gender, to economic, legal and social historians, and to classicists, the author explores the high compensation earned by female sexual entrepreneurs who often controlled prostitutional businesses that were perpetuated from generation to generation on a matrilineal basis, and that benefitted from legislative restrictions on pimping. The author juxtaposes the widespread practice of "prostitution pursuant to written contract" with legislation targeting male prostitutes functioning as governmental leaders, and explores the seemingly contradictory phenomena of extensive sexual exploitation of slave prostitutes (male and female) coexisting with Athenian society's pride in its legislative protection of slaves and minors against sexual outrage.
Author: Edward Cohen
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400820774
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
In this ground-breaking analysis of the world's first private banks, Edward Cohen convincingly demonstrates the existence and functioning of a market economy in ancient Athens while revising our understanding of the society itself. Challenging the "primitivistic" view, in which bankers are merely pawnbrokers and money-changers, Cohen reveals that fourth-century Athenian bankers pursued sophisticated transactions. These dealings--although technologically far removed from modern procedures--were in financial essence identical with the lending and deposit-taking that separate true "banks" from other businesses. He further explores how the Athenian banks facilitated tax and creditor avoidance among the wealthy, and how women and slaves played important roles in these family businesses--thereby gaining legal rights entirely unexpected in a society supposedly dominated by an elite of male citizens. Special emphasis is placed on the reflection of Athenian cognitive patterns in financial practices. Cohen shows how transactions were affected by the complementary opposites embedded in the very structure of Athenian language and thought. In turn, his analysis offers great insight into daily Athenian reality and cultural organization.
Author: Edward Cohen
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 9780691094908
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
Challenging the modern assumption that ancient Athens is best understood as a polis, Edward Cohen boldly recasts our understanding of Athenian political and social life. Cohen demonstrates that ancient sources referred to Athens not only as a polis, but also as a "nation" (ethnos), and that Athens did encompass the characteristics now used to identify a "nation." He argues that in Athens economic, religious, sexual, and social dimensions were no less significant than political and juridical considerations, and accordingly rejects prevailing scholarship's equation of Athens with its male citizen body. In fact, Cohen shows that the categories of "citizen" and "noncitizen" were much more fluid than is often assumed, and that some noncitizens exercised considerable power. He explores such subjects as the economic importance of businesswomen and wealthy slaves; the authority exercised by enslaved public functionaries; the practical egalitarianism of erotic relations and the broad and meaningful protections against sexual abuse of both free persons and slaves, and especially of children; the wide involvement of all sectors of the population in significant religious and local activities. All this emerges from the use of fresh legal, economic, and archaeological evidence and analysis that reveal the social complexity of Athens, and the demographic and geographic factors giving rise to personal anonymity and limiting personal contacts--leading to the creation of an "imagined community" with a mutually conceptualized identity, a unified economy, and national "myths" set in historical fabrication.
Author: Joyce Tyldesley
Publisher: Penguin UK
ISBN: 0141929340
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 405
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Book Description
Queen - or, as she would prefer to be remembered King - Hatchepsut was an astonishing woman. Brilliantly defying tradition she became the female embodiment of a male role, dressing in men's clothes and even wearing a false beard. Forgotten until Egptologists deciphered hieroglyphics in the 1820's, she has since been subject to intense speculation about her actions and motivations. Combining archaeological and historical evidence from a wide range of sources, Joyce Tyldesley's dazzling piece of detection strips away the myths and misconceptions and finally restores the female pharaoh to her rightful place.
Author: Dan Friedmann
Publisher: Hart Publishing
ISBN: 1841132136
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 416
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Book Description
In this book the expansion of human right legislation in national and international law is examined from theoretical and comparative perspectives.
Author: Roger S. Bagnall
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521461235
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 394
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Book Description
By studying the three hundred census returns that survive on papyri from Roman Egypt, the authors reconstruct the patterns of mortality, marriage, fertility and migration that are likely to have prevailed in Roman Egypt.
Author: Simon Deakin
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1847315216
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
One of the principal tasks for legal research at the beginning of the 21st century is to reconstruct the understanding of the relationship between the legal system and the market order. After almost three decades of deregulation driven by a belief in the self-equilibrating properties of the market, the financial crisis of 2008 has reminded everyone of the fundamental truth that markets have legal and institutional foundations, without which they cannot effectively function. The chapters in the present volume are the result of work by a group of legal scholars which began in the mid-2000s, at a time when the shortcomings of deregulatory policies were becoming clear in a number of contexts. The chapters address the question of how the language of contract law describes or conceptualises the market order and the relationship of the law to it. The perspectives taken are, in turn, historical, comparative, and context-specific. The focus of the book is on a foundational idea, the concept of capacitas, which signifies a status conferred upon citizens for the purpose of enabling them to participate in the economic life of the polity. In modern legal systems, 'capacity' is the principal juridical mechanism by which individuals and entities are empowered to enter into legally binding agreements and, more generally, to arrange their affairs using the instruments of private law. Legal capacity is thereby the gateway to involvement in the operations of a market economy.
Author: John Owen Haley
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 9781785369414
Category : Contracts
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
As cross-border transactions expand in our contemporary global economy, the significance of comparative contract law is evermore apparent. In addition the role of lawyers in transactional counselling as well as dispute resolution has become increasingly prominent. Appreciation of the principal similarities and differences between the two major subdivisions of Common Law - the United States and the British Commonwealth - and Civil Law - French versus German law - has thus become imperative. Together with an original introduction by the editor this compilation of classic key papers by leading scholars endeavours to facilitate such appreciation and will prove an essential reference point for students, researchers and policymakers.
