Cytogenetic Studies of Species and Hybrids in Festuca and Lolium PDF Download
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Author: J. G. Bowman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Author: J. G. Bowman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Author: Joseph Glover Bowman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Author: Prem P. Jauhar
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642840868
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
Presented here are modern and classical aspects of cytogenetics as well as biotechnology in relation to improvement of the Festuca-Lolium group of grasses. Festuca and its close relative Lolium are very valuable genera of temperate agriculture. These fascinating genera contain some highly productive, nutritious, and well-adapted grasses widely used for agricultural and recreational purposes world wide. The book is organizedinto 15 chapters devoted to taxonomy and systematics; species evolution and divergence by increase in chromosome number as well as by change in DNA content; genetic control of chromosome pairing and its breeding and phylogenetic implications; B chromosomes, induced polyploidy and haploidy inrelation to varietal improvement; wide hybridization, genome relationships, and plant improvement; genomic balance in relation to hybrid fertility and hererosis breeding; biotechnology and its potential applications in plant improvement. It is of special interest to geneticists, taxonomists, evolutionists, biotechnologists, and plant breeders.
Author: Mingshu Cao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fescue
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
Intergeneric hybridization has occurred between species of Lolium and Festuca . It has been demonstrated, through morphological and conventional cytogenetic analyses of intergeneric hybrids between Lolium and Festuca, that the genomes of the two genera are closely related. However, information is lacking on how close the genomes are related between the two genera. High frequency of chromosome pairing between Lolium and Festuca was extensively documented in the literature, but the interpretations sometimes were contradictory. The objectives of this study were to: (1) apply in situ hybridization technique to understand chromosome pairing behavior of hybrids between Lolium perenne and Festuca mairei, (2) evaluate the application of molecular markers--species-specific repetitive DNA sequences to the introgression of alien chromatin transfer and (3) understand the genomic relationships between the two tetraploid Festuca species-- F. mairei and F. arundinacea var. glaucescens . Our results indicated that meiocytes of Lolium-Festuca are amenable to genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analyses. The mean frequency of bivalents was 7.19 in the triploid hybrid (LM 1 M 2) between F. mairei (M 1 M 1 M 2 M 2) and L. perenne (LL). GISH revealed that 53% of the bivalents in the hybrids were chromosome associations involving one chromosome of L. perenne and one of F. mairei . Nearly 50% of the univalents were actually chromosomes of F. mairei . The earlier assumption that chromosomes from the same species paired preferentially must be revised. This study agrees with a few other recent studies that chromosomes of Lolium and Festuca may be genetically equivalent and reciprocal mixing of the genomes may be possible. Two repetitive DNA sequences were characterized from a tall fescue (F. arundinacea) genomic library. TF521 was a F. pratensis (PP) species-specific probe as it showed no hybridization signals with diploid Lolium . TF436 was specific to tetraploid Festuca, such as F. arundinacea var. glaucescens and F. mairei . TF436 was useful to monitor the chromatin introgression of F. mairei in the progenies of the hybrid between F. mairei and L. perenne . Potential addition and translocation lines were identified in the BC 1 F 1 derivatives of F. mairei × L. perenne . The sequences of TF436 and TF521 were submitted to GeneBank with accession number as AF087933 and AF087934, respectively. An amphiploid of F. mairei and L. perenne was synthesized, which had a frequency of chromosome configurations of 9.85 I + 15.42 II + 0.43 III + 0.10 IV at metaphase I. The amphiploid was unstable cytologically and had 21% pollen KI stainability. A hybrid between F. arundinacea (6x) and F. mairei (4x) was produced with mean chromosome configurations of 6.47 I + 13.40 II + 0.30 III + 0.19 IV + 0.01 V. This hybrid and the amphiploid may be useful in the improvement of drought persistence of tall fescue. GISH failed to differentiate the tetraploid Festuca which suggests that F. arundinacea var. glaucescens and F. mairei have similar genomic structures. Physical mapping of repetitive DNA sequences onto chromosomes may provide landmarks for karyotypic analyses. pTA71 from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rDNA was located on one pair of chromosomes of F. pratensis and two pairs of chromosomes of F. arundinacea by in situ hybridization.
Author: W. Gareth Morgan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Author: Caifu Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lolium perenne
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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A ploidy series ranging from diploid (2x) to decaploid (10x) in Festuca species and their close genomic relationships with Lolium spp. have provided unique plant materials for cytogenetic and molecular studies and for plant breeding. The objectives of this study were: (1) to reveal genomic relationships among Lolium perenne and some Festuca species using chromosome pairing analysis of intergeneric hybrids, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and comparative genome mapping techniques; (2) to realize controlled introgression of F. mairei chromosomes or chromatin into perennial ryegrass through FISH and RFLP marker-assisted selection. New intergeneric triploid and tetraploid hybrids between tetraploid F. mairei and diploid L. perenne were produced through multipollination and embryo culture. Optimization analysis of meioses in 3x and 4x hybrids revealed that F. mairei is a partial autotetraploid with M$\sb1$M$\sb1$M$\sb2$M$\sb2$ genomes. Close relationship of the M$\sb1$ genome to M$\sb2$ explained the nature of autosyndetic pairing in tetraploid F. arundinacea var. glaucescens (G$\sb1$G$\sb1$G$\sb2$G$\sb2$) x F. mairei (M$\sb1$M$\sb1$M$\sb2$M$\sb2$) hybrids. The L genome of L. perenne is, however, distantly related to the M and M$\sp\prime$ genome. Consistent with these results, genomic FISH confirmed that autosyndetic chromosome pairing was predominantly present in F. mairei $\times$ L. perenne hybrids and their introgressed progeny. A new RFLP map of F. pratensis included seven linkage groups which covered a total of length of 280.1 cM, with 66 markers. Map comparisons between F. pratensis and F. arundinacea strongly indicated the presence of highly conserved linkage groups and marker sequences, suggesting that F. pratensis might be a donor of the P genome in F. arundinacea. Tetraploid F$\sb1$ hybrids produced from 4x $\times$ 2x crosses between F. mairei and L. perenne resulted from fertilization of n eggs of F. mairei with 2n pollen of L. perenne. About 30 and 83% of the heterozygosity was transmitted by 2n pollen from L. perenne into two tetraploid hybrids, respectively. Both meiotic first division restitution (FDR) and second division restitution (SDR) occurred in 2n pollen formation in perennial ryegrass. Partial recovery of fertility in tetraploid hybrids permitted introgression of F. mairei genomes into perennial ryegrass through backcross breeding. FISH using total genomic DNA of F. mairei as a probe provided rapid identification of alien (Festuca) chromosome additions and Lolium/Festuca chromosome translocations in introgressed lines in a Lolium background. These lines were further verified by Southern hybridization using polymorphic DNA clones from a Pst I-genomic DNA library of tall fescue. In conclusion, FISH and RFLP markers are very effective in identifying alien DNA fragments and thus facilitate the transfer of agriculturally important genes of interests from F. mairei into perennial ryegrass.
Author: David Kopecký
Publisher: Palacký University Olomouc
ISBN: 8024459132
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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A special issue of Biologia Plantarum entitled “Festulolium – from the nature to modern breeding”. This special issue contains 14 articles, including eleven original research papers and three reviews, which are focused on genetics, ecology, physiology, biotechnology and the breeding value of Festulolium and various species within the Festuca-Lolium complex.
Author: Christopher Bob Gillies
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000098680
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 191
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This book discusses the nature of meiotic chromosome pairing effects which may play a role in the determination of fertility. In particular, data and illustrations from the application of recently developed electron microscopic spreading techniques will allow researchers in related fields to come to grips with the recent advances in the cytogenetics of meiotic chromosome pairing behavior. Topics dealt with include meiotic and synaptonemal complex behavior in humans and mice with a variety of chromosomal and genetic abnormalities, sex chromosome pairing in mammals and birds, the significance for fertility or pairing in mammals and birds, the significance for fertility of XY pairing and crossing over, the effects of hybridity on pairing and fertility in plants, and the genetic control of synaptonemal complex formation and crossing over in polyploids. This is a timely reference book for graduate level medical and veterinary students, and scientists in the field of genetics and cell biology.
Author: P.K. Gupta
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444600442
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 647
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Book Description
This two-volume work surveys the entire range of general aspects of chromosome research in plants. The first volume covers cytogenetics of cereals and millets with more than one chapter being devoted to the same crop to give a detailed treatment to an up-to-date status of chromosome research. This second volume deals with cytogenetics of plant materials including legumes, vegetable and oil crops, sugar crops, forage crops: fibre crops, medicinal crops and ornamentals. The book will be useful both as a reference work and a teaching aid to satisfy a wide range of workers. Every chapter has been written by an expert who has been involved in chromosome research on a particular plant material for many years so that the treatment is authoritative and up-to-date in most cases.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 884
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