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Author: Guillermo Perry
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821338643
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Currency boards are institutions that replace central banks and ensure that a country's currency can be purchased at a given price (or exchange rate) upon demand, thus imposing a fixed exchange rate on international transactions. These systems have their advantages--they prohibit the use of liberal monetary policies that lead to high inflation--but they can also limit the ability of an economy to react to changes in international economic conditions if foreign currency reserves are depleted. Such threats to the stability of the financial sector may stem from economic events that originate outside the national economy (external shocks), such as the fallout from the Mexican peso devaluation in late 1994. This paper presents the proceedings of a World Bank roundtable discussion held in 1996 to examine the impact of external shocks and to address the challenges countries face when operating under a currency-board system of currency exchange, with a particular emphasis on how certain costs can be minimized while maximizing the gains. Special attention is given to the currency-board systems in Argentina and Hong Kong.
Author: Guillermo Perry
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821338643
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Currency boards are institutions that replace central banks and ensure that a country's currency can be purchased at a given price (or exchange rate) upon demand, thus imposing a fixed exchange rate on international transactions. These systems have their advantages--they prohibit the use of liberal monetary policies that lead to high inflation--but they can also limit the ability of an economy to react to changes in international economic conditions if foreign currency reserves are depleted. Such threats to the stability of the financial sector may stem from economic events that originate outside the national economy (external shocks), such as the fallout from the Mexican peso devaluation in late 1994. This paper presents the proceedings of a World Bank roundtable discussion held in 1996 to examine the impact of external shocks and to address the challenges countries face when operating under a currency-board system of currency exchange, with a particular emphasis on how certain costs can be minimized while maximizing the gains. Special attention is given to the currency-board systems in Argentina and Hong Kong.
Author: Claudio E. Raddatz
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Business cycles
Languages : en
Pages : 53
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Book Description
External shocks, such as commodity price fluctuations, natural disasters, and the role of the international economy, are often blamed for the poor economic performance of low-income countries. The author quantifies the impact of these different external shocks using a panel vector autoregression (VAR) approach and compares their relative contributions to output volatility in low-income countries vis-à-vis internal factors. He finds that external shocks can only explain a small fraction of the output variance of a typical low-income country. Internal factors are the main source of fluctuations. From a quantitative perspective, the output effect of external shocks is typically small in absolute terms, but significant relative to the historic performance of these countries.
Author: Ms.Anne Marie Gulde
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451974922
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
Historically, countries with currency board arrangements (CBAs) have experienced lower inflation and higher growth than those with other regimes. The experiences of three candidates for EU membership with CBAs (Estonia, Lithuania, and Bulgaria) have also been generally favorable. Can CBAs serve these transition countries well all the way up to the adoption of the euro? After considering the pros and cons, this paper provides an affirmative answer, but notes that to preserve the viability of their CBAs throughout the process, these countries need to maintain strict policy discipline and be prepared to deal with large capital inflows and asymmetric shocks.
Author: Leslie Lipschitz
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108568467
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Understanding macroeconomic developments and policies in the twenty-first century is daunting: policy-makers face the combined challenges of supporting economic activity and employment, keeping inflation low and risks of financial crises at bay, and navigating the ever-tighter linkages of globalization. Many professionals face demands to evaluate the implications of developments and policies for their business, financial, or public policy decisions. Macroeconomics for Professionals provides a concise, rigorous, yet intuitive framework for assessing a country's macroeconomic outlook and policies. Drawing on years of experience at the International Monetary Fund, Leslie Lipschitz and Susan Schadler have created an operating manual for professional applied economists and all those required to evaluate economic analysis.
Author: Jutta Maute
Publisher: Peter Lang Publishing
ISBN:
Category : Currency boards
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral)--Universiteat Hohenheim, 2006.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1498344062
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 74
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Book Description
Over the past two decades, many low- and lower-middle income countries (LLMICs) have improved control over fiscal policy, liberalized and deepened financial markets, and stabilized inflation at moderate levels. Monetary policy frameworks that have helped achieve these ends are being challenged by continued financial development and increased exposure to global capital markets. Many policymakers aspire to move beyond the basics of stability to implement monetary policy frameworks that better anchor inflation and promote macroeconomic stability and growth. Many of these LLMICs are thus considering and implementing improvements to their monetary policy frameworks. The recent successes of some LLMICs and the experiences of emerging and advanced economies, both early in their policy modernization process and following the global financial crisis, are valuable in identifying desirable features of such frameworks. This paper draws on those lessons to provide guidance on key elements of effective monetary policy frameworks for LLMICs.
Author: Lok Sang Ho
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461510414
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
The Asian crisis of 1997-1998 was a major influence on macroeconomic thinking concerning exchange rate regimes, the functioning of international institutions, such as the IMF and the World Bank, and international contagion of macroeconomic instability from one country to another. Exchange Rate Regimes and Macroeconomic Stability offers perspectives on these issues from the viewpoints of two Nobel Laureates, an IMF economist, and Asian economists. This book contributes new ideas to the ongoing debate on the role of domestic monetary authorities and international institutions in reducing the likelihood of international financial crises, as well as the problems associated with various exchange rate regimes from the standpoint of macroeconomic stability. Overall, the chapters contained in this volume offer interesting perspectives, which have been stimulated by the recent events in the foreign exchange market. They provide a useful reference for anyone interested in the development of exchange rate regimes, and represent considerable reflection by economists half a century after Bretton Woods.
Author: Mr.Charles Enoch
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 9781557756688
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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Book Description
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the attractions and disadvantages of currency board arrangements in their various institutional configurations. It asks what defines a currency board arrangement, what are their strengths and weaknesses, and what constraints they place on macroeconomic policies. It also reviews country experiences with these arrangements.
Author: Mr.Stijn Claessens
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1475561008
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Book Description
This paper reviews the literature on financial crises focusing on three specific aspects. First, what are the main factors explaining financial crises? Since many theories on the sources of financial crises highlight the importance of sharp fluctuations in asset and credit markets, the paper briefly reviews theoretical and empirical studies on developments in these markets around financial crises. Second, what are the major types of financial crises? The paper focuses on the main theoretical and empirical explanations of four types of financial crises—currency crises, sudden stops, debt crises, and banking crises—and presents a survey of the literature that attempts to identify these episodes. Third, what are the real and financial sector implications of crises? The paper briefly reviews the short- and medium-run implications of crises for the real economy and financial sector. It concludes with a summary of the main lessons from the literature and future research directions.
Author: Kurt Schuler
Publisher: Research Monograph Institute o
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Gathers evidence to determine whether or not countries with central banks can claim superior economic performance to those with other monetary systems (such as currency boards, monetary institutes, free banking, or 'dollarisation').
