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Author: Ann Johnson
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262379058
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 287
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Book Description
A probing examination of the dynamic history of predictive methods and values in science and engineering that helps us better understand today’s cultures of prediction. The ability to make reliable predictions based on robust and replicable methods is a defining feature of the scientific endeavor, allowing engineers to determine whether a building will stand up or where a cannonball will strike. Cultures of Prediction, which bridges history and philosophy, uncovers the dynamic history of prediction in science and engineering over four centuries. Ann Johnson and Johannes Lenhard identify four different cultures, or modes, of prediction in the history of science and engineering: rational, empirical, iterative-numerical, and exploratory-iterative. They show how all four develop together and interact with one another while emphasizing that mathematization is not a single unitary process but one that has taken many forms. The story is not one of the triumph of abstract mathematics or technology but of how different modes of prediction, complementary concepts of mathematization, and technology coevolved, building what the authors call “cultures of prediction.” The first part of the book examines prediction from early modernity up to the computer age. The second part probes computer-related cultures of prediction, which focus on making things and testing their performance, often in computer simulations. This new orientation challenges basic tenets of the philosophy of science, in which scientific theories and models are predominantly seen as explanatory rather than predictive. It also influences the types of research projects that scientists and engineers undertake, as well as which ones receive support from funding agencies.
Author: Ann Johnson
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262379058
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 287
Get Book Here
Book Description
A probing examination of the dynamic history of predictive methods and values in science and engineering that helps us better understand today’s cultures of prediction. The ability to make reliable predictions based on robust and replicable methods is a defining feature of the scientific endeavor, allowing engineers to determine whether a building will stand up or where a cannonball will strike. Cultures of Prediction, which bridges history and philosophy, uncovers the dynamic history of prediction in science and engineering over four centuries. Ann Johnson and Johannes Lenhard identify four different cultures, or modes, of prediction in the history of science and engineering: rational, empirical, iterative-numerical, and exploratory-iterative. They show how all four develop together and interact with one another while emphasizing that mathematization is not a single unitary process but one that has taken many forms. The story is not one of the triumph of abstract mathematics or technology but of how different modes of prediction, complementary concepts of mathematization, and technology coevolved, building what the authors call “cultures of prediction.” The first part of the book examines prediction from early modernity up to the computer age. The second part probes computer-related cultures of prediction, which focus on making things and testing their performance, often in computer simulations. This new orientation challenges basic tenets of the philosophy of science, in which scientific theories and models are predominantly seen as explanatory rather than predictive. It also influences the types of research projects that scientists and engineers undertake, as well as which ones receive support from funding agencies.
Author: Matthias Heymann
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1315406306
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 339
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Book Description
In recent decades, science has experienced a revolutionary shift. The development and extensive application of computer modelling and simulation has transformed the knowledge‐making practices of scientific fields as diverse as astro‐physics, genetics, robotics and demography. This epistemic transformation has brought with it a simultaneous heightening of political relevance and a renewal of international policy agendas, raising crucial questions about the nature and application of simulation knowledges throughout public policy. Through a diverse range of case studies, spanning over a century of theoretical and practical developments in the atmospheric and environmental sciences, this book argues that computer modelling and simulation have substantially changed scientific and cultural practices and shaped the emergence of novel ‘cultures of prediction’. Making an innovative, interdisciplinary contribution to understanding the impact of computer modelling on research practice, institutional configurations and broader cultures, this volume will be essential reading for anyone interested in the past, present and future of climate change and the environmental sciences.
Author: Matthias Heymann
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1315406292
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
In recent decades, science has experienced a revolutionary shift. The development and extensive application of computer modelling and simulation has transformed the knowledge‐making practices of scientific fields as diverse as astro‐physics, genetics, robotics and demography. This epistemic transformation has brought with it a simultaneous heightening of political relevance and a renewal of international policy agendas, raising crucial questions about the nature and application of simulation knowledges throughout public policy. Through a diverse range of case studies, spanning over a century of theoretical and practical developments in the atmospheric and environmental sciences, this book argues that computer modelling and simulation have substantially changed scientific and cultural practices and shaped the emergence of novel ‘cultures of prediction’. Making an innovative, interdisciplinary contribution to understanding the impact of computer modelling on research practice, institutional configurations and broader cultures, this volume will be essential reading for anyone interested in the past, present and future of climate change and the environmental sciences.
Author: John Salerno
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642196551
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 396
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Book Description
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling and Prediction, held in College Park, MD, USA, March 29-31, 2011. The 48 papers and 3 keynotes presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 88 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics including social network analysis; modeling; machine learning and data mining; social behaviors; public health; cultural aspects; and effects and search.
Author: Gary Alan Fine
Publisher: ReadHowYouWant.com
ISBN: 145960606X
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 554
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Book Description
Whether it is used as an icebreaker in conversation or as the subject of serious inquiry, the weather is one of the few subjects that everyone talks about. And though we recognize the faces that bring us the weather on television, how government meteorologists and forecasters go about their jobs is rarely scrutinized. Given recent weather-re...
Author: John Tuhao Chen
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1040096301
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 315
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Book Description
Written by an experienced statistics educator and two data scientists, this book unifies conventional statistical thinking and contemporary machine learning framework into a single overarching umbrella over data science. The book is designed to bridge the knowledge gap between conventional statistics and machine learning. It provides an accessible approach for readers with a basic statistics background to develop a mastery of machine learning. The book starts with elucidating examples in Chapter 1 and fundamentals on refined optimization in Chapter 2, which are followed by common supervised learning methods such as regressions, classification, support vector machines, tree algorithms, and range regressions. After a discussion on unsupervised learning methods, it includes a chapter on unsupervised learning and a chapter on statistical learning with data sequentially or simultaneously from multiple resources. One of the distinct features of this book is the comprehensive coverage of the topics in statistical learning and medical applications. It summarizes the authors’ teaching, research, and consulting experience in which they use data analytics. The illustrating examples and accompanying materials heavily emphasize understanding on data analysis, producing accurate interpretations, and discovering hidden assumptions associated with various methods. Key Features: Unifies conventional model-based framework and contemporary data-driven methods into a single overarching umbrella over data science. Includes real-life medical applications in hypertension, stroke, diabetes, thrombolysis, aspirin efficacy. Integrates statistical theory with machine learning algorithms. Includes potential methodological developments in data science.
Author: Eglė Rindzevičiūtė
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 1501769790
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
In The Will to Predict, Eglė Rindzevičiūtė demonstrates how the logic of scientific expertise cannot be properly understood without knowing the conceptual and institutional history of scientific prediction. She notes that predictions of future population, economic growth, environmental change, and scientific and technological innovation have shaped much of twentieth and twenty-first-century politics and social life, as well as government policies. Today, such predictions are more necessary than ever as the world undergoes dramatic environmental, political, and technological change. But, she asks, what does it mean to predict scientifically? What are the limits of scientific prediction and what are its effects on governance, institutions, and society? Her intellectual and political history of scientific prediction takes as its example twentieth-century USSR. By outlining the role of prediction in a range of governmental contexts, from economic and social planning to military strategy, she shows that the history of scientific prediction is a transnational one, part of the history of modern science and technology as well as governance. Going beyond the Soviet case, Rindzevičiūtė argues that scientific predictions are central for organizing uncertainty through the orchestration of knowledge and action. Bridging the fields of political sociology, organization studies, and history, The Will to Predict considers what makes knowledge scientific and how such knowledge has impacted late modern governance.
Author: Nitin Agarwal
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319162683
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 487
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Book Description
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling, and Prediction, SBP 2015, held in Washington, DC, USA, in March/April 2015. The 24 full papers presented together with 36 poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 118 submissions. The goal of the conference was to advance our understanding of human behavior through the development and application of mathematical, computational, statistical, simulation, predictive and other models that provide fundamental insights into factors contributing to human socio-cultural dynamics. The topical areas addressed by the papers are social and behavioral sciences, health sciences, engineering, computer and information science.
Author: Ariel M. Greenberg
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3642372104
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 550
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Book Description
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling and Prediction, SBP 2013, held in Washington, DC, USA in April 2013. The total of 57 contributions, which consists of papers and posters, included in this volume was carefully reviewed and selected from 137 submissions. This conference is strongly committed to multidisciplinarity, consistent with recent trends in computational social science and related fields. The topics covered are: behavioral science, health sciences, military science and information science. There are also many papers that provide methodological innovation as well as new domain-specific findings.
Author: Mike Hulme
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 1473959012
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Climate is an enduring idea of the human mind and also a powerful one. Today, the idea of climate is most commonly associated with the discourse of climate-change and its scientific, political, economic, social, religious and ethical dimensions. However, to understand adequately the cultural politics of climate-change it is important to establish the different origins of the idea of climate itself and the range of historical, political and cultural work that the idea of climate accomplishes. In Weathered: Cultures of Climate, distinguished professor Mike Hulme opens up the many ways in which the idea of climate is given shape and meaning in different human cultures – how climates are historicized, known, changed, lived with, blamed, feared, represented, predicted, governed and, at least putatively, re-designed.
