Author: Renee Westich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Colorado potato beetle
Languages : en
Pages : 102

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Author: Geoffrey W. Zehnder
Publisher: American Phytopathological Society
ISBN:
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 680

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Advances in potato pest biology and management: insects; Advances in potato pest biology and management: bacteria and fungi; Advances in potato pest biology and management: nematodes; Pesticides resistance and resistance mangement; Alternative management strategies for potato pest: cultural and biological control; Alternative management strategies for potato pest: host plant resistance; Modeling and expert systems in potato pest management; Application of biotechnology in potato pest management; Potato pest management: a global view.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Provides information on the Colorado potato beetle, presented by Andrei Alyokhin. Discusses the life cycle of the Colorado potato beetle, insecticidal control and insecticide resistance, cultural control, physical control, and biological control. Links to other resources on the Colorado potato beetle.

Author: Kathleen Schnaars Uvino
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303762789
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 326

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The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata is infamous for its' ability to develop resistance to insecticides and remains the most important insect defoliator of potatoes today. Long Island populations of the Colorado potato beetle have been at the forefront of developing resistance to every newly developed insecticide. Managing the evolution of resistance requires cultural as well as chemical means. Cultural efforts include field rotation, crop rotation, chemical rotation as well as refugia. Movement plays an integral part of both, the cultural schemes intended to thwart resistance evolution and the life history traits of the Colorado potato beetle. The use of refuges and crop rotation are often promoted to supplement the use of chemical pesticides in an effort to control crop pests. Refuges are untreated areas adjacent to treated crops, where susceptible genes can survive. The efficacy of refuges depends on movement between treated and untreated areas. Differences in movement between resistant and susceptible beetles can play a big role in the success of the refuge or rotation plan. Crop rotation can reduce the amount of insecticide used through dosage levels or frequency of application and slows insects' resistance evolution. Resistance to insecticides often has fitness costs associated with that resistance. I hypothesized that resistance to the insecticide Imidacloprid is correlated with reduced movement capability in Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (henceforth potato beetles), the primary insect defoliator of potato plants. I examined whether migratory ability or flight propensity have a cost of resistance to imidacloprid in Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) by examining LD50's of flying emergers and walking emergers in the spring. Imidacloprid is the most widely used and in some cases the only effective insecticide for Colorado potato beetle control and there is currently a wide range of variation in resistance. In the spring overwintering potato beetle adults halt diapause and emerge from overwintering sites. For the purposes of this work I will use the definition of diapause presented by Tauber et al (1986): "a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of minimal activity that occurs during a genetically determined stage(s) of metamorphosis, usually in response to environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions." Diapause in the Colorado potato beetle begins before the harsh conditions set in (loss of host and cold temperatures). It is an important strategy employed by many temperate zone insects for overwintering. Upon emergence from the overwintering site they emigrate to colonize local and distant fields. Emergence from diapause therefore offers an opportunity to sample genetically diverse groups of beetles. My results indicate that emerging flyers have a higher level of resistance than emerging walkers from overwintering sites. I also examined populations that were under intense selection pressure from one chemical, Spinosad, and largely isolated from other fields or populations. Spinosad is produced by a soil dwelling bacterium called Saccharopolyspora spinosa and it kills by ingestion. Spinosad is currently the only approved chemical available to Organic farmers on Long Island. These results indicate complete failure of Spinosad on that population but less resistance on distant populations and less resistance on populations from conventionally managed fields, all in Suffolk County, Long Island. Additionally early spring colonists of rotated and `non-rotated' fields were evaluated for resistance levels for 3 years. For two of the three years, colonists on long distance rotated fields had high LD50. Assuming long distance colonization is more likely dependent on flight, this is consistent with my results that emerging flyers have a higher LD50 than emerging walkers.

Author: Wayland Arthur Shands
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Insect pests
Languages : en
Pages : 68

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Author: G. Mailloux
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780662213734
Category : Agricultural pests
Languages : en
Pages : 25

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The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is the main insect pest of potatoes in North America. Integrated pest management (IPM) is designed to manage pest populations by using several ecologically sustainable methods of control, with the objective of maintaining population densities below the economic injury level. This report reviews: the biology of the Colorado potato beetle and factors influencing its life cycle; the economic injury level in terms of number of beetles per plant, as determined from a study conducted in Quebec; a sampling plan developed to facilitate IPM decision-making; the effect of plant defoliation on potato yields; and pest control strategies for the beetle, including crop rotation, late planting, the use of mulches and barriers, biological control, and use of insecticides.

Author: Andrei Alyokhin
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323984142
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 520

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Book Description
This fully revised and updated second edition of Insect Pests of Potato now includes an opening section with a basic overview of agronomic and economic issues as they relate to potato production. It also features a new section that reviews potato production, as well as problems caused by insect pests and solutions to these problems, in all major potato-growing regions of the world. Further, a new section discusses theoretical foundations of potato pest management and includes chapters on ecological theory, evolutionary theory, and a case study on their applications to elucidate differences between Eastern and Western populations of Colorado potato beetle in North America. There is also a new chapter on the foundations of integrated pest management and their applications in controlling insect pests. The sections on the biology of main pests and on control methods now feature the latest information, including emphasis on recent advances in molecular biology and genomics. Information on the use of dsRNA technology for pest control is also included, as are new chapters on potato ladybirds and on hemipterous pests other than aphids and psyllids. This second edition provides improved integration and logical connections among chapters and expanded geographic scope of coverage making it the ideal reference on the topic. Fully revised and updated with new sections on potato-growing regions and theoretical foundations of potato pest management using ecological theory, evolutionary theory and relevant case study insights Contains improved integration and logical connections among chapters, expanded geographic scope of coverage, and scientific advances Emphasizes recent advances in molecular biology and genomics, including the use of dsRNA technology for pest control

Author: Phillip E. Kaufman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 260

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Author: Christine Andrea Armer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Colorado potato beetle
Languages : en
Pages : 306

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The Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is the most devastating foliage-feeding pest of potatoes in the United States. Potential biological control agents include the nematodes Heterorhabditis marelatus Liu & Berry and Steinernema riobrave Cabanillas, Poinar & Raulston, which provided nearly 100% CPB control in previous laboratory trials. In the present study, laboratory assays tested survival and infection by the two species under the soil temperatures CPB are exposed to, from 4-37°C. H. marelatus survived from 4-31°C, and S. riobrave from 4-37°C. Both species infected and developed in waxworm hosts from 13-31°C, but H. marelatus rarely infected hosts above 25°C, and S. riobrave rarely infected hosts below 19°C. H. marelatus infected an average of 5.8% of hosts from 13- 31°C, whereas S. riobrave infected 1.4%. Although H. marelatus could not survive at temperatures as high as S. riobrave. H. marelatus infected more hosts so is preferable for use in CPB control. Heterorhabditis marelatus rarely reproduced in CPB. Preliminary laboratory trials suggested the addition of nitrogen to CPB host plants improved nematode reproduction. Field studies testing nitrogen fertilizer effects on nematode reproduction in CPB indicated that increasing nitrogen from 226 kg/ha to 678 kg/ha produced 25% higher foliar levels of the alkaloids solanine and chaconine. However, the increased alkaloids did not affect nematode infection of, nor reproduction in, CPB prepupae. Nematodes applied to field plot soil at 50 infective juveniles/cm2 reduced adult CPB by 50%, and increased numbers of dead prepupae in soil samples up to five times more than in non-nematode plots. Laboratory studies of H. marelatus and its symbiotic bacteria in CPB hemolymph indicated that immune responses did not limit nematode reproduction. A 58kD CPB hemolymph protein apparently caused the symbiotic bacteria to switch to the secondary form, which does not produce antibiotics and enzymes necessary for nematode growth and reproduction. Despite heat denaturation of the protein, the nematodes did not reproduce unless lipids were added to the hemolymph. Therefore, while H. marelatus may provide high levels of CPB control, nutritional constraints on the nematode and its bacteria inhibit reproduction in CPB and limit long-term multi-generation control.

Author: Derek Jon Lactin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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