Author: Francis S. Galasso
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483146022
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 228
Book Description
Structure, Properties and Preparation of Perovskite-Type Compounds, Volume 5 presents the various methods of preparing powders, single crystals, and thin films of perovskite-type compounds. This book discusses the structure of perovskite-type compounds and their properties. Organized into 11 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the structure, properties, and preparation of perovskite-type compounds. This text then examines how X-ray diffraction can be used to determine unit cell data and to orient single crystals. Other chapters consider the effect of nuclear radiation on the properties of ferroelectric materials. This book discusses as well the phase transitions in perovskite-type compounds, which are often associated with a change in ferroelectric properties. The final chapter explores the two techniques in the preparation of the ternary carbides with the perovskite structure, which involves melting the appropriate proportions of the two metals and carbon under argon. This book is a valuable resource for solid-state chemists.
Structure, Properties and Preparation of Perovskite-Type Compounds
Author: Francis S. Galasso
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483146022
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 228
Book Description
Structure, Properties and Preparation of Perovskite-Type Compounds, Volume 5 presents the various methods of preparing powders, single crystals, and thin films of perovskite-type compounds. This book discusses the structure of perovskite-type compounds and their properties. Organized into 11 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the structure, properties, and preparation of perovskite-type compounds. This text then examines how X-ray diffraction can be used to determine unit cell data and to orient single crystals. Other chapters consider the effect of nuclear radiation on the properties of ferroelectric materials. This book discusses as well the phase transitions in perovskite-type compounds, which are often associated with a change in ferroelectric properties. The final chapter explores the two techniques in the preparation of the ternary carbides with the perovskite structure, which involves melting the appropriate proportions of the two metals and carbon under argon. This book is a valuable resource for solid-state chemists.
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483146022
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 228
Book Description
Structure, Properties and Preparation of Perovskite-Type Compounds, Volume 5 presents the various methods of preparing powders, single crystals, and thin films of perovskite-type compounds. This book discusses the structure of perovskite-type compounds and their properties. Organized into 11 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the structure, properties, and preparation of perovskite-type compounds. This text then examines how X-ray diffraction can be used to determine unit cell data and to orient single crystals. Other chapters consider the effect of nuclear radiation on the properties of ferroelectric materials. This book discusses as well the phase transitions in perovskite-type compounds, which are often associated with a change in ferroelectric properties. The final chapter explores the two techniques in the preparation of the ternary carbides with the perovskite structure, which involves melting the appropriate proportions of the two metals and carbon under argon. This book is a valuable resource for solid-state chemists.
Co-crystals
Author: Christer B Aakeröy
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1788011155
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 354
Book Description
This book combines co-crystal applications of commercial and practical interest from diverse fields into a single volume. It also examines effective structural design of co-crystals, and provides insights into practical synthesis and characterization techniques.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1788011155
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 354
Book Description
This book combines co-crystal applications of commercial and practical interest from diverse fields into a single volume. It also examines effective structural design of co-crystals, and provides insights into practical synthesis and characterization techniques.
Fundamentals of Crystal Growth I
Author: Franz E. Rosenberger
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642812759
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 544
Book Description
The intrinsic properties of a solid, i. e. , the properties that result from its specific structure, can be largely modified by crystallographic and chem ical defects. The formation of these defects is governed by the heat and mass transfer conditions which prevail on and near a crystal-nutrient in terface during crystallization. Hence, both the growth of highly perfect crystals and the preparation of samples having predetermined defect-induced (extrinsic) properties require a thorough understanding of the reaction and transport mechanisms that govern crystallization from vapors, solutions and melts. Crystal growth, as a science, is therefore mostly concerned with the chemistry and physics of heat and mass transport in these fluid-solid phase transitions. Solid-solid transitions are, at this time, not widely employed for high quality single-crystal production. Transport concepts are largely built upon equilibrium considerations, i. e. , on thermodynamic and phase equilibrium concepts. Hence to supply a "workable" foundation for the succeeding discussions, this text begins in Chapter 2 with a concise treatment of thermodynamics which emphasizes applications to mate rials preparation. After working through this chapter, the reader should feel at ease with often (particularly among physicists) unfamiliar entities such as chemical potentials, fugacities, activities. etc. Special sections on ther mochemical calculations (and their pitfalls) and compilations of thermochemi cal data conclude the second chapter. Crystal growth can be called. in a wide sense, the science and technology of controlling phase transitions that lead to (single crystalline) solids.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642812759
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 544
Book Description
The intrinsic properties of a solid, i. e. , the properties that result from its specific structure, can be largely modified by crystallographic and chem ical defects. The formation of these defects is governed by the heat and mass transfer conditions which prevail on and near a crystal-nutrient in terface during crystallization. Hence, both the growth of highly perfect crystals and the preparation of samples having predetermined defect-induced (extrinsic) properties require a thorough understanding of the reaction and transport mechanisms that govern crystallization from vapors, solutions and melts. Crystal growth, as a science, is therefore mostly concerned with the chemistry and physics of heat and mass transport in these fluid-solid phase transitions. Solid-solid transitions are, at this time, not widely employed for high quality single-crystal production. Transport concepts are largely built upon equilibrium considerations, i. e. , on thermodynamic and phase equilibrium concepts. Hence to supply a "workable" foundation for the succeeding discussions, this text begins in Chapter 2 with a concise treatment of thermodynamics which emphasizes applications to mate rials preparation. After working through this chapter, the reader should feel at ease with often (particularly among physicists) unfamiliar entities such as chemical potentials, fugacities, activities. etc. Special sections on ther mochemical calculations (and their pitfalls) and compilations of thermochemi cal data conclude the second chapter. Crystal growth can be called. in a wide sense, the science and technology of controlling phase transitions that lead to (single crystalline) solids.
Gem Water
Author: Michael Gienger
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1844093409
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 143
Book Description
Effective and healthy remedies produced by infusing water with appealing crystalline energies are carefully described in this informative manual. The first part covers aspects of preparation, featuring deceptively simple processes such as the boiling method, the water vapor method, and the test tube method--all of which can be easily mastered by crystal healing enthusiasts. After outlining the correct methods to use and listing poisonous crystals as a safety precaution, the book examines more than 100 usable crystals and 34 special mixtures, revealing their intended uses and effects for the optimum in therapeutic results.
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1844093409
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 143
Book Description
Effective and healthy remedies produced by infusing water with appealing crystalline energies are carefully described in this informative manual. The first part covers aspects of preparation, featuring deceptively simple processes such as the boiling method, the water vapor method, and the test tube method--all of which can be easily mastered by crystal healing enthusiasts. After outlining the correct methods to use and listing poisonous crystals as a safety precaution, the book examines more than 100 usable crystals and 34 special mixtures, revealing their intended uses and effects for the optimum in therapeutic results.
Physical Properties of Crystals
Author: Siegfried Haussühl
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527621164
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 453
Book Description
Modern semiconductor and laser techniques would be unthinkable today without a highly developed physics of solids. As tailored materials increasingly gain significance, it is more important than ever to understand the basics of crystalline materials and the influence of their symmetry on phenomenological aspects. This first international edition of a classic German standard integrates the latest developments in the field, including two-dimensional crystals and Giant Magneto-Resistance. Its aim is to impart the knowledge necessary to comprehend the manifold peculiarities of crystalline substances in a comprehensive and easily accessible manner. The book devotes much space to a coherent introduction to tensor calculation, making this the first to address the topic in a readily understandable way. Supplemented by 40 exercises with their solutions, this is an ideal textbook for students of physics and chemistry, solid state physicists and chemists, and materials scientists, but also a comprehensive resource for those who wish to get an overview of this important topic.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527621164
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 453
Book Description
Modern semiconductor and laser techniques would be unthinkable today without a highly developed physics of solids. As tailored materials increasingly gain significance, it is more important than ever to understand the basics of crystalline materials and the influence of their symmetry on phenomenological aspects. This first international edition of a classic German standard integrates the latest developments in the field, including two-dimensional crystals and Giant Magneto-Resistance. Its aim is to impart the knowledge necessary to comprehend the manifold peculiarities of crystalline substances in a comprehensive and easily accessible manner. The book devotes much space to a coherent introduction to tensor calculation, making this the first to address the topic in a readily understandable way. Supplemented by 40 exercises with their solutions, this is an ideal textbook for students of physics and chemistry, solid state physicists and chemists, and materials scientists, but also a comprehensive resource for those who wish to get an overview of this important topic.
Modern Aspects of Bulk Crystal and Thin Film Preparation
Author: Nikolai Kolesnikov
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9533076100
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 622
Book Description
In modern research and development, materials manufacturing crystal growth is known as a way to solve a wide range of technological tasks in the fabrication of materials with preset properties. This book allows a reader to gain insight into selected aspects of the field, including growth of bulk inorganic crystals, preparation of thin films, low-dimensional structures, crystallization of proteins, and other organic compounds.
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9533076100
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 622
Book Description
In modern research and development, materials manufacturing crystal growth is known as a way to solve a wide range of technological tasks in the fabrication of materials with preset properties. This book allows a reader to gain insight into selected aspects of the field, including growth of bulk inorganic crystals, preparation of thin films, low-dimensional structures, crystallization of proteins, and other organic compounds.
Handbook on Rare Earth Metals and Alloys (Properties, Extraction, Preparation and Applications)
Author: NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers
Publisher: ASIA PACIFIC BUSINESS PRESS Inc.
ISBN: 8178331209
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 557
Book Description
Rare earths are essential constituents of more than 100 mineral species and present in many more through substitution. They have a marked geochemical affinity for calcium, titanium, niobium, zirconium, fluoride, phosphate and carbonate ions. Industrially important minerals, which are utilized at present for rare earths production, are essentially three, namely monazite, bastnasite and xenotime. In modern time techniques for exploration of rare earths and yttrium minerals include geologic identification of environments of deposition and surface as well as airborne reconnaissance with magnetometric and radiometric equipment. There are numerous applications of rare earths such as in glass making industry, cracking catalysts, electronic and optoelectronic devices, medical technology, nuclear technology, agriculture, plastic industry etc. Lot of metals and alloys called rare earth are lying in the earth which required to be processed. Some of the important elements extracted from rare earths are uranium, lithium, beryllium, selenium, platinum metals, tantalum, silicon, molybdenum, manganese, chromium, cadmium, titanium, tungsten, zirconium etc. There are different methods involved in production of metals and non metals from rare earths for example; separation, primary crushing, secondary crushing, wet grinding, dry grinding etc. The rare earths are silver, silverymwhite, or gray metals; they have a high luster, but tarnish readily in air, have high electrical conductivity. The rare earths share many common properties this makes them difficult to separate or even distinguish from each other. There are very small differences in solubility and complex formation between the rare earths. The rare earth metals naturally occur together in minerals. Rare earths are found with non metals, usually in the 3+ oxidation state. At present all the rare earth resources in India are in the form of placer monazite deposits, which also carry other industrially important minerals like ilmenite, rutile, zircon, sillimanite and garnet. Some of the fundamentals of the book are commercially important rare earth minerals, exploration for rare earth resources, rare earth resources of the world, some rare earth minerals and their approximate compositions, rare earths in cracking catalysts, rare earth based phosphors, interdependence of applications and production of rare earths, uranium alloys, conversion of ores to lithium chemicals, characterization and analysis of very pure silicon, derivation of molybdenum metal, electoplating and chromizing, electrolytic production of titanium, heat treatment of titanium alloys, tensile properties of alloys etc. The book covers occurrence of rare earth, resources of the world, production of lithium metals, compounds derived from the metals, chemical properties of beryllium, uses of selenium, derivation of molybdenum metals, ore concentration and treatment and many more. This is a unique book of its kind, which will be a great asset for scientists, researchers, technocrats and entrepreneurs. TAGS Applications of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Beryllium, Best small and cottage scale industries, Boron, Business guidance for Rare earth metals and alloys processing, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Cadmium, Chromium, Extraction and Applications of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Extraction of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, How to Start a Rare earth metals and alloys Business, How to Start a Rare earth metals and alloys extraction?, How to start a successful Rare earth metals and alloys extraction, How to start rare earth alloys Processing Industry in India, How to start rare earth metals Processing Industry in India, Industrial Uses of Rare Earths metals and alloys, Lithium, Magnesium Alloys with Rare-Earth Metal, Magnetic Properties of Rare‐Earth Metals and Alloys, Manganese, Molybdenum, Most Profitable Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Rare earth metals and alloys processing industry, Platinum Metals, Preparation of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Rare earth metals and alloys extraction, Project for startups, Properties of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Rare Earth Alloys, Rare Earth Elements - Metals, Minerals, Mining, Uses, Rare earth elements (REE): industrial technology, Rare Earth Elements Applications, Rare earth elements properties, Rare earth elements separation process, Rare Earth elements, Rare earth extraction process, Rare Earth Industry, Rare earth metals and alloy extraction process, Rare earth metals and alloys Based Profitable Projects, Rare earth metals and alloys Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Rare earth metals and alloys extraction Business, Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Industry in India, Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Projects, Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Rare earth metals India, Rare Earth Metals Production and Alloys with Properties, Rare earth metals uses, Rare Earth Metals, Rare Earth Resources, Rare minerals list, Selenium, Setting up and opening your Rare earth metals and alloys Business, Silicon, Small Scale Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Projects, Small scale Rare earth metals and alloys production line, Small Start-up Business Project, Start up India, Stand up India, Starting a Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Business, Start-up Business Plan for Rare earth metals and alloys processing, Startup ideas, Startup Project, Startup Project for Rare earth metals and alloys processing, Startup project plan, Tantalum, Titanium, Tungsten, Uranium, Uses of rare earth metals and alloys in metallurgy, Where are rare earth metals found?, Zirconium
Publisher: ASIA PACIFIC BUSINESS PRESS Inc.
ISBN: 8178331209
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 557
Book Description
Rare earths are essential constituents of more than 100 mineral species and present in many more through substitution. They have a marked geochemical affinity for calcium, titanium, niobium, zirconium, fluoride, phosphate and carbonate ions. Industrially important minerals, which are utilized at present for rare earths production, are essentially three, namely monazite, bastnasite and xenotime. In modern time techniques for exploration of rare earths and yttrium minerals include geologic identification of environments of deposition and surface as well as airborne reconnaissance with magnetometric and radiometric equipment. There are numerous applications of rare earths such as in glass making industry, cracking catalysts, electronic and optoelectronic devices, medical technology, nuclear technology, agriculture, plastic industry etc. Lot of metals and alloys called rare earth are lying in the earth which required to be processed. Some of the important elements extracted from rare earths are uranium, lithium, beryllium, selenium, platinum metals, tantalum, silicon, molybdenum, manganese, chromium, cadmium, titanium, tungsten, zirconium etc. There are different methods involved in production of metals and non metals from rare earths for example; separation, primary crushing, secondary crushing, wet grinding, dry grinding etc. The rare earths are silver, silverymwhite, or gray metals; they have a high luster, but tarnish readily in air, have high electrical conductivity. The rare earths share many common properties this makes them difficult to separate or even distinguish from each other. There are very small differences in solubility and complex formation between the rare earths. The rare earth metals naturally occur together in minerals. Rare earths are found with non metals, usually in the 3+ oxidation state. At present all the rare earth resources in India are in the form of placer monazite deposits, which also carry other industrially important minerals like ilmenite, rutile, zircon, sillimanite and garnet. Some of the fundamentals of the book are commercially important rare earth minerals, exploration for rare earth resources, rare earth resources of the world, some rare earth minerals and their approximate compositions, rare earths in cracking catalysts, rare earth based phosphors, interdependence of applications and production of rare earths, uranium alloys, conversion of ores to lithium chemicals, characterization and analysis of very pure silicon, derivation of molybdenum metal, electoplating and chromizing, electrolytic production of titanium, heat treatment of titanium alloys, tensile properties of alloys etc. The book covers occurrence of rare earth, resources of the world, production of lithium metals, compounds derived from the metals, chemical properties of beryllium, uses of selenium, derivation of molybdenum metals, ore concentration and treatment and many more. This is a unique book of its kind, which will be a great asset for scientists, researchers, technocrats and entrepreneurs. TAGS Applications of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Beryllium, Best small and cottage scale industries, Boron, Business guidance for Rare earth metals and alloys processing, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Cadmium, Chromium, Extraction and Applications of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Extraction of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, How to Start a Rare earth metals and alloys Business, How to Start a Rare earth metals and alloys extraction?, How to start a successful Rare earth metals and alloys extraction, How to start rare earth alloys Processing Industry in India, How to start rare earth metals Processing Industry in India, Industrial Uses of Rare Earths metals and alloys, Lithium, Magnesium Alloys with Rare-Earth Metal, Magnetic Properties of Rare‐Earth Metals and Alloys, Manganese, Molybdenum, Most Profitable Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Rare earth metals and alloys processing industry, Platinum Metals, Preparation of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Rare earth metals and alloys extraction, Project for startups, Properties of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Rare Earth Alloys, Rare Earth Elements - Metals, Minerals, Mining, Uses, Rare earth elements (REE): industrial technology, Rare Earth Elements Applications, Rare earth elements properties, Rare earth elements separation process, Rare Earth elements, Rare earth extraction process, Rare Earth Industry, Rare earth metals and alloy extraction process, Rare earth metals and alloys Based Profitable Projects, Rare earth metals and alloys Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Rare earth metals and alloys extraction Business, Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Industry in India, Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Projects, Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Rare earth metals India, Rare Earth Metals Production and Alloys with Properties, Rare earth metals uses, Rare Earth Metals, Rare Earth Resources, Rare minerals list, Selenium, Setting up and opening your Rare earth metals and alloys Business, Silicon, Small Scale Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Projects, Small scale Rare earth metals and alloys production line, Small Start-up Business Project, Start up India, Stand up India, Starting a Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Business, Start-up Business Plan for Rare earth metals and alloys processing, Startup ideas, Startup Project, Startup Project for Rare earth metals and alloys processing, Startup project plan, Tantalum, Titanium, Tungsten, Uranium, Uses of rare earth metals and alloys in metallurgy, Where are rare earth metals found?, Zirconium
Single Crystals of Electronic Materials
Author: Roberto Fornari
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing Limited
ISBN: 9780081020968
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 400
Book Description
Single Crystals of Electronic Materials: Growth and Properties is a complete overview of the state of the art growth of bulk semiconductors. It is not only a valuable update of the body of information on crystal growth of well-established electronic materials such as silicon, III-V, II-VI and IV-VI semiconductors, but includes chapters on novel semiconductors including wide bandgap oxides (ZnO Ga2O3, In2O3, Al2O3), nitrides (AIN and GaN) and diamond. Each chapter focuses in-depth on a material, providing a comprehensive overview including: Applications and requirements of the electronic material Thermodynamic properties and definition of usable growth methods Schematics of growth methods for the material Description of up-to-date growth technologies and processes Tailoring of crystal properties via growth parameters Benefits of computer modelling Doping issues and reduction of defect density State-of-the art of the material New trends and future developments
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing Limited
ISBN: 9780081020968
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 400
Book Description
Single Crystals of Electronic Materials: Growth and Properties is a complete overview of the state of the art growth of bulk semiconductors. It is not only a valuable update of the body of information on crystal growth of well-established electronic materials such as silicon, III-V, II-VI and IV-VI semiconductors, but includes chapters on novel semiconductors including wide bandgap oxides (ZnO Ga2O3, In2O3, Al2O3), nitrides (AIN and GaN) and diamond. Each chapter focuses in-depth on a material, providing a comprehensive overview including: Applications and requirements of the electronic material Thermodynamic properties and definition of usable growth methods Schematics of growth methods for the material Description of up-to-date growth technologies and processes Tailoring of crystal properties via growth parameters Benefits of computer modelling Doping issues and reduction of defect density State-of-the art of the material New trends and future developments
Crystal Growth in Gels
Author: Heinz K. Henisch
Publisher: Courier Corporation
ISBN: 9780486689159
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 132
Book Description
First book ever printed on growing crystals in a gel medium provides thorough descriptions of the procedure, its history and future potential. "Concise and readable."—Science. 42 illus. 1970 edition.
Publisher: Courier Corporation
ISBN: 9780486689159
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 132
Book Description
First book ever printed on growing crystals in a gel medium provides thorough descriptions of the procedure, its history and future potential. "Concise and readable."—Science. 42 illus. 1970 edition.
Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials
Author: A. Inoue
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540672715
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 224
Book Description
Amorphous and nanocrystalline materials are a class of their own. Their properties are quite different to those of the corresponding crystalline materials. This book gives systematic insight into their physical properties, structure, behaviour, and design for special advanced applications.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540672715
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 224
Book Description
Amorphous and nanocrystalline materials are a class of their own. Their properties are quite different to those of the corresponding crystalline materials. This book gives systematic insight into their physical properties, structure, behaviour, and design for special advanced applications.