Author: Ranbir Singh
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461557518
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 158
Get Book Here
Book Description
The advent of low temperature superconductors in the early 1960's converted what had been a laboratory curiosity with very limited possibilities to a prac tical means of fabricating electrical components and devices with lossless con ductors. Using liquid helium as a coolant, the successful construction and operation of high field strength magnet systems, alternators, motors and trans mission lines was announced. These developments ushered in the era of what may be termed cryogenic power engineering and a decade later successful oper ating systems could be found such as the 5 T saddle magnet designed and built in the United States by the Argonne National Laboratory and installed on an experimental power generating facility at the High Temperature Institute in Moscow, Russia. The field of digital computers provided an incentive of a quite different kind to operate at cryogenic temperatures. In this case, the objective was to ob tain higher switching speeds than are possible at ambient temperatures with the critical issue being the operating characteristics of semiconductor switches under cryogenic conditions. By 1980, cryogenic electronics was established as another branch of electric engineering.
Author: Ranbir Singh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 434
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Francis Balestra
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475733186
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 267
Get Book Here
Book Description
Device and Circuit Cryogenic Operation for Low Temperature Electronics is a first in reviewing the performance and physical mechanisms of advanced devices and circuits at cryogenic temperatures that can be used for many applications. The first two chapters cover bulk silicon and SOI MOSFETs. The electronic transport in the inversion layer, the influence of impurity freeze-out, the special electrical properties of SOI structures, the device reliability and the interest of a low temperature operation for the ultimate integration of silicon down to nanometer dimensions are described. The next two chapters deal with Silicon-Germanium and III-V Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors, as well as III-V High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMT). The basic physics of the SiGe HBT and its unique cryogenic capabilities, the optimization of such bipolar devices, and the performance of SiGe HBT BiCMOS technology at liquid nitrogen temperature are examined. The physical effects in III-V semiconductors at low temperature, the HEMT and HBT static, high frequency and noise properties, and the comparison of various cooled III-V devices are also addressed. The next chapter treats quantum effect devices made of silicon materials. The major quantum effects at low temperature, quantum wires, quantum dots as well as single electron devices and applications are investigated. The last chapter overviews the performances of cryogenic circuits and their applications. The low temperature properties and performance of inverters, multipliers, adders, operational amplifiers, memories, microprocessors, imaging devices, circuits and systems, sensors and read-out circuits are analyzed. Device and Circuit Cryogenic Operation for Low Temperature Electronics is useful for researchers, engineers, Ph.D. and M.S. students working in the field of advanced electron devices and circuits, new semiconductor materials, and low temperature electronics and physics.
Author: B. Jayant Baliga
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319939882
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1086
Get Book Here
Book Description
Fundamentals of Power Semiconductor Devices provides an in-depth treatment of the physics of operation of power semiconductor devices that are commonly used by the power electronics industry. Analytical models for explaining the operation of all power semiconductor devices are shown. The treatment here focuses on silicon devices but includes the unique attributes and design requirements for emerging silicon carbide devices. The book will appeal to practicing engineers in the power semiconductor device community.
Author: Edmundo A. Gutierrez-D
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080510507
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 986
Get Book Here
Book Description
Low Temperature Electronics: Physics, Devices, Circuits, and Applications summarizes the recent advances in cryoelectronics starting from the fundamentals in physics and semiconductor devices to electronic systems, hybrid superconductor-semiconductor technologies, photonic devices, cryocoolers and thermal management. Furthermore, this book provides an exploration of the currently available theory, research, and technologies related to cryoelectronics, including treatment of the solid state physical properties of the materials used in these systems. Current applications are found in infrared systems, satellite communications and medical equipment. There are opportunities to expand in newer fields such as wireless and mobile communications, computers, and measurement and scientific equipment. Low temperature operations can offer certain advantages such as higher operational speeds, lower power dissipation, shorter signal transmission times, higher semiconductor and metal thermal conductivities, and improved digital and analog circuit performance. The computer, telecommunication, and cellular phone market is pushing the semiconductor industry towards the development of very aggressive device and integrated circuit fabrication technologies. This is taking these technologies towards the physical miniaturization limit, where quantum effects and fabrication costs are becoming a technological and economical barrier for further development. In view of these limitations, operation of semiconductor devices and circuits at low temperature (cryogenic temperature) is studied in this book. * It is a book intended for a wide audience: students, scientists, technology development engineers, private companies, universities, etc. * It contains information which is for the first time available as an all-in-one source; Interdisciplinary material is arranged and made compatible in this book * It is a must as reference source
Author: Vítezslav Benda
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471976448
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 438
Get Book Here
Book Description
Dieses Buch beschreibt in leicht verständlicher Weise Aufbau, Funktion, Eigenschaften und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten wichtiger Halbleiter-Bauelemente - von Leistungsdioden über Thyristoren und MOSFETs bis hin zu integrierten Systemen. Die Autoren verzichten dabei auf komplizierte Mathematik; sie stützen sich vielmehr auf grundlegende physikalische Modelle. (11/98)
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 14
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 105
Get Book Here
Book Description
Improved reliability and electronic performance can be achieved in a system operated at cryogenic temperatures because of the reduction in mechanical insult and in disruptive effects of thermal energy on electronic devices. Continuing discoveries of new superconductors with ever increasing values of T{sub c} above that of liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT) have provided incentive for developing semiconductor electronic systems that may also operate in the superconductor's liquid nitrogen bath. Because of the interest in high-temperature superconductor (HTS) devices, liquid nitrogen is the cryogen of choice and LNT is the temperature on which this review is focused. The purpose of this survey is to locate and assemble published information comparing the room temperature (298 K), performance of commercially available conventional and hybrid semiconductor device with their performance at LNT (77K), to help establish their candidacy as cryogenic electronic devices specifically for use at LNT. The approach to gathering information for this survey included the following activities. Periodicals and proceedings were searched for information on the behavior of semiconductor devices at LNT. Telephone calls were made to representatives of semiconductor industries, to semiconductor subcontractors, to university faculty members prominent for their research in the area of cryogenic semiconductors, and to representatives of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and NASA subcontractors. The sources and contacts are listed with their responses in the introduction, and a list of references appears at the end of the survey.
Author: Richard L. Patterson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic instruments
Languages : en
Pages : 16
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Quan-Sheng Shu
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1461542154
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 967
Get Book Here
Book Description
In recent years, the technology of cryogenic comminution has been widely applied in the field of chemical engineering, food making, medicine production, and particularly in recycling of waste materials. Because of the increasing pollution of waste tires and the shortage of raw rubber resource, the recycling process for waste rubber products has become important and commercially viable. This technology has shown a great number of advantages such as causing no environmental pollution, requiring low energy consumption and producing high quality products. Hence, the normal crusher which was used to reclaim materials, such as waste tires, nylon, plastic and many polymer materials at atmospheric 12 temperature is being replaced by a cryogenic crusher. • In the cryogenic crusher, the property of the milled material is usually very sensitive to temperature change. When a crusher is in operation, it will generate a great deal of heat that causes the material temperature increased. Once the temperature increases over the vitrification temperature, the material property will change and lose the brittle behavior causing the energy consumption to rise sharply. Consequently, the comminution process cannot be continued. Therefore, it is believed that the cryogenic crusher is the most critical component in the cryogenic comminution system. The research on the temperature increase and energy consumption in the cryogenic crusher is not only to reduce the energy consumption of the crasher, but also to reduce the energy consumption of the cryogenic system.
