Crash Prone Traffic Flow Dynamics PDF Download
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Author: John N. Hourdos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 676
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Book Description
Author: John N. Hourdos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 676
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Book Description
Author: Martin Treiber
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642324606
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 505
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Book Description
This textbook provides a comprehensive and instructive coverage of vehicular traffic flow dynamics and modeling. It makes this fascinating interdisciplinary topic, which to date was only documented in parts by specialized monographs, accessible to a broad readership. Numerous figures and problems with solutions help the reader to quickly understand and practice the presented concepts. This book is targeted at students of physics and traffic engineering and, more generally, also at students and professionals in computer science, mathematics, and interdisciplinary topics. It also offers material for project work in programming and simulation at college and university level. The main part, after presenting different categories of traffic data, is devoted to a mathematical description of the dynamics of traffic flow, covering macroscopic models which describe traffic in terms of density, as well as microscopic many-particle models in which each particle corresponds to a vehicle and its driver. Focus chapters on traffic instabilities and model calibration/validation present these topics in a novel and systematic way. Finally, the theoretical framework is shown at work in selected applications such as traffic-state and travel-time estimation, intelligent transportation systems, traffic operations management, and a detailed physics-based model for fuel consumption and emissions.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Traffic congestion
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
The purpose of this report is to summarize the research activities that were performed during the first year of this research project. In conducting this research, the research team split into several independent groups, each focusing on different aspects of the problem. One group has been focused on using weather and traffic flow conditions as predictors of incident conditions. Their activities are summarized in Chapter II. Other groups have been focused on developing models for producing short-term forecasts of potential congestion, using current measured traffic conditions. The results of these activities are summarized in Chapter III. Finally, the authors are beginning the process of developing a prototype tool that operators can use in a control center to display forecasted conditions. The beginnings of a high-level, functional specification for the tool are provided in Chapter IV.
Author: Stefan Krauß
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : de
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Xiqun (Michael) Chen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662445727
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
This book reveals the underlying mechanisms of complexity and stochastic evolutions of traffic flows. Using Eulerian and Lagrangian measurements, the authors propose lognormal headway/spacing/velocity distributions and subsequently develop a Markov car-following model to describe drivers’ random choices concerning headways/spacings, putting forward a stochastic fundamental diagram model for wide scattering flow-density points. In the context of highway onramp bottlenecks, the authors present a traffic flow breakdown probability model and spatial-temporal queuing model to improve the stability and reliability of road traffic flows. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students in the fields of transportation engineering and civil engineering.
Author: Boris S. Kerner
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642026052
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 271
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Book Description
The understanding of empirical traf?c congestion occurring on unsignalized mul- lane highways and freeways is a key for effective traf?c management, control, or- nization, and other applications of transportation engineering. However, the traf?c ?ow theories and models that dominate up to now in transportation research journals and teaching programs of most universities cannot explain either traf?c breakdown or most features of the resulting congested patterns. These theories are also the - sis of most dynamic traf?c assignment models and freeway traf?c control methods, which therefore are not consistent with features of real traf?c. For this reason, the author introduced an alternative traf?c ?ow theory called three-phase traf?c theory, which can predict and explain the empirical spatiot- poral features of traf?c breakdown and the resulting traf?c congestion. A previous book “The Physics of Traf?c” (Springer, Berlin, 2004) presented a discussion of the empirical spatiotemporal features of congested traf?c patterns and of three-phase traf?c theory as well as their engineering applications. Rather than a comprehensive analysis of empirical and theoretical results in the ?eld, the present book includes no more empirical and theoretical results than are necessary for the understanding of vehicular traf?c on unsignalized multi-lane roads. The main objectives of the book are to present an “elementary” traf?c ?ow theory and control methods as well as to show links between three-phase traf?c t- ory and earlier traf?c ?ow theories. The need for such a book follows from many commentsofcolleaguesmadeafterpublicationofthebook“ThePhysicsofTraf?c”.
Author: Hui Deng
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781339542522
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Individual driving behavior, such as anticipation, risk-taking and cooperative lane change, has significant impact on overall traffic flow characteristics and highway performance. It contributes to various traffic flow phenomena, including platooning, capacity drop and traffic oscillations. A good understanding of driving behavior under different driving environments, such as curved roads, lane-drops, merges and diverges, and platooning enabled by vehicle to vehicle communication, can help us design safer roads, and safer and more efficient autonomous or semi-autonomous driving vehicles. New car following models have been developed to capture the empirical observed anticipation and risk-taking driving behavior, and applied to investigate how anticipation and risk-taking may lead to different traffic flow phenomena and influence highway capacity and safety. Considering gap anticipation, full range traffic conditions can be reproduced, including free-flow, congestion and traffic jam under fixed and moving bottleneck, realistic flow capacities and fundamental diagrams with different levels of anticipation, as well as platoon driving when gap anticipation dependents on the gap. The effect of risk-taking on traffic safety is studied with a collision-possible car following model considering driver anticipation. Risk-taking leads to traffic oscillations and potential collision hazards when traffic is not stable. Longer length of view field can improve traffic safety, and large numbers of vehicle crashes happen when view field length is shorter than given threshold. Merge traffic dynamic has been studied by simulating of cooperative lane change, and drivers' merge location choice is studied to show its impact on traffic oscillations near merging junction. A simplified lane change cooperation strategy is developed and integrated with optimal speed car following logic to capture cooperative lane change behavior in merge junctions. This model can reproduce reasonable merge ratio, capacity drop, turn taking merging behavior and stop and go traffic at merge bottleneck. Lane change incentive and main lane traffic condition affect drivers' lane change behavior and leads to different merge location choice. Microscopic and macroscopic traffic simulation show merge location choice contributes to the formation of stop-and-go waves near merging junctions and the period of these waves are closely related to the distance between the two dominant merging locations. Theoretical and data analysis are used to reveal the correlation between drivers' anticipation, relaxation behavior and traffic hysteresis. Through an analysis of the trajectory data from NGSIM and a theoretical analysis of car-following models, it is revealed that traffic hysteresis is generated by an imbalance in driver relaxation and anticipation. By changing the strength of relaxation and anticipation, we are able to reproduce positive, negative and double hysteresis loops, as well as aggressive and timid driving behavior. It is further shown that the relative positions of acceleration and deceleration phase with respect to the equilibrium state is not unique and are determined by the comparative strength of relaxation and anticipation in different traffic conditions. This study suggests that traffic hysteresis can be suppressed by balancing driver relaxation and anticipation, and stop-and-go traffic can be smoothed by eliminating aggressive driving in congested traffic. A three-mode vehicle control law is proposed for ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control) and CACC (Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control) and implemented in VENTOS (VEhicular NeTwork Open source Simulator). Traffic hysteresis and stability of studied both analytically and using VENTOS simulation. The ability of ACC/CACC to improve highway safety and eliminating traffic hysteresis is verified by traffic simulation under critical traffic conditions, including realistic stop-and-go traffic and worst case stopping. Through analytical approaches and simulation, we have demonstrated the stability and robustness of our proposed ACC/CACC control system against sensor measurement errors and lossy wireless communication links which is required to implement the CACC control logic. The benefit of wireless communication, even with some lossy links, is significant in ensuring stream stability and performance.
Author: Daiheng Ni
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0128041471
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
Creating Traffic Models is a challenging task because some of their interactions and system components are difficult to adequately express in a mathematical form. Traffic Flow Theory: Characteristics, Experimental Methods, and Numerical Techniques provide traffic engineers with the necessary methods and techniques for mathematically representing traffic flow. The book begins with a rigorous but easy to understand exposition of traffic flow characteristics including Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and traffic sensing technologies. Includes worked out examples and cases to illustrate concepts, models, and theories Provides modeling and analytical procedures for supporting different aspects of traffic analyses for supporting different flow models Carefully explains the dynamics of traffic flow over time and space
Author: Minoru Fukui
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540402558
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 608
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Book Description
Topics include a critical classification of models for highway traffic, new technological applications, friction and arching phenomena in pedestrian traffic, scale free networks and internet traffic, instabilities."--Jacket.
Author: Dominique Lord
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128168196
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 504
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Book Description
Highway Safety Analytics and Modeling comprehensively covers the key elements needed to make effective transportation engineering and policy decisions based on highway safety data analysis in a single. reference. The book includes all aspects of the decision-making process, from collecting and assembling data to developing models and evaluating analysis results. It discusses the challenges of working with crash and naturalistic data, identifies problems and proposes well-researched methods to solve them. Finally, the book examines the nuances associated with safety data analysis and shows how to best use the information to develop countermeasures, policies, and programs to reduce the frequency and severity of traffic crashes. Complements the Highway Safety Manual by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Provides examples and case studies for most models and methods Includes learning aids such as online data, examples and solutions to problems
