Cost Estimates for Removal of Total Organic Carbon and Disinfection By-products Using Packed Tower Aeration and Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption PDF Download
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Author: James Helfrich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 93
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Book Description
This study provides cost estimates of construction and operation for granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption of total organic carbon (TOC), and packed tower aeration (PTA) for air stripping of trihalomethanes (THMs). Costs were developed by employing software published by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) through its Drinking Water Research Division (DWRD). Cost estimation for both methods required preliminary GAC and PTA designs based on data collected in the field and from earlier published sources, as well as modifications to the software used in this study. The resultant designs were focused on compliance with certain aspects of the Stage 2 Disinfection By-Product Rule (Stage 2 DBPR) for THM and haloacetic acid (HAA) concentrations in drinking water. Formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) occurs when natural organic matter (NOM) found in water sources reacts with disinfectants, typically chlorine based, that are used for the inactivation of water-borne pathogens. DBPs included several groups of compounds that, when ingested, are known to be carcinogenic and have been linked to other serious health effects. Two principle locations were used in this study to represent a medium system (serving 10,000 to 99,999 people) and a large system (serving 100,000 or more people). Overall system cost estimates for GAC adsorption were between 24 and 41 cents per 1000 gallons with an apparent economy of scale existing for larger systems. Investigations into GAC reactivation suggest that off-site reactivation is more cost effective for small to medium systems while some type of on-site reactivation would be a more cost effective method for larger systems. Overall PTA system cost estimates were between 8 and 9.6 cents per 1000 gallons. Both methods are effective at THM control while GAC adsorption has the added ability to reduce non-volatile DBPs and naturally occurring material (NOM), as well as reducing taste and odor problems if present.
Author: James Helfrich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 93
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Book Description
This study provides cost estimates of construction and operation for granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption of total organic carbon (TOC), and packed tower aeration (PTA) for air stripping of trihalomethanes (THMs). Costs were developed by employing software published by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) through its Drinking Water Research Division (DWRD). Cost estimation for both methods required preliminary GAC and PTA designs based on data collected in the field and from earlier published sources, as well as modifications to the software used in this study. The resultant designs were focused on compliance with certain aspects of the Stage 2 Disinfection By-Product Rule (Stage 2 DBPR) for THM and haloacetic acid (HAA) concentrations in drinking water. Formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) occurs when natural organic matter (NOM) found in water sources reacts with disinfectants, typically chlorine based, that are used for the inactivation of water-borne pathogens. DBPs included several groups of compounds that, when ingested, are known to be carcinogenic and have been linked to other serious health effects. Two principle locations were used in this study to represent a medium system (serving 10,000 to 99,999 people) and a large system (serving 100,000 or more people). Overall system cost estimates for GAC adsorption were between 24 and 41 cents per 1000 gallons with an apparent economy of scale existing for larger systems. Investigations into GAC reactivation suggest that off-site reactivation is more cost effective for small to medium systems while some type of on-site reactivation would be a more cost effective method for larger systems. Overall PTA system cost estimates were between 8 and 9.6 cents per 1000 gallons. Both methods are effective at THM control while GAC adsorption has the added ability to reduce non-volatile DBPs and naturally occurring material (NOM), as well as reducing taste and odor problems if present.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 964
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental protection
Languages : en
Pages : 1990
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Book Description
Author: Pedro Fierro Jr.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000713458
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1758
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Book Description
Just do an Internet search. It's on the Internet These phrases have quickly become a part of the vernacular. The quintessential book of data relating to water, The Water Encyclopedia: Hydrologic Data and Internet Resources, Third Edition arose from the premise that most of the information provided within this publication could be easily
Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental protection
Languages : en
Pages : 2130
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1988
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Book Description
Author: Teh Kian Pang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 966
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Author: Ervin Orlandini
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351425293
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
This research aimed to identify and understand mechanisms thar underlie the beneficial effect of ozonation on removal of pesticides and other micropollutants by Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) filtration. This allows optimization of the combination of these two processes, termed Biological Activated Carbon filtration. The study concluded that ozonation significantly improves removal of atrazine by GAC filtration not only due to the wellknown effect of oxidation of atrazine, but also due to the effect of partical oxidation of Background Organic Matter (BOM) present in water. Ozone-induced oxidation of BOM was found to improve adsorption of atrazine in GAC filters. Biodegradation of atrazine in these filters wasnot demonstrated. Higher GAC's adsorption capacity for atrazine and faster atrazine's mass transfer in filters with ozonated rather than non-ozonated influent were explained as due to ozonated BOM. Both can be attributed to enhanced biodegradability and reduced adsorbsbility of partially ozidated BOM compounds, resulting in their increased biodegradation and decreased adsorption in GAC filters.
