Correlation Between Lifestyle Behaviors and Adherence to Colorectal Cancer Screening Among African-Americans PDF Download
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Author: Rajani Davangere
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Public health
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Rajani Davangere
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Public health
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Louise Barbara Black-Robinson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 109
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This study exam the preventive practices and bekiefs among African Americans (AAs) as conceptualized by the Critical Social Theory (CST), to screening for colorectal cancer (CRC). African Americans (AAs) adults participated in the colon Cancer Conferenes in the spring of 2010 and 2011. CRC is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer death for men and woman. (American Cancer Society, 2009). Screeing can be effective for detecting cancer at the treatable stages, however, large porporation of African Americans are at risk for CRC, have not been screened or are not screened regularly as recommended by the national guidelines fron the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (UPSTF), the American Cancer Society, the U.S. Multi-Society Task force on Colorectal Cancer, and the American college of Radiology (Smith, Cokkinides & Brawley, 2008). In this study, descriptive statistics was used to exam the preventive practices and beliefs by use of a self-report questionnaire of CRC screeing behaviors for fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy. Many of the AA's that attened both conferences did not recieve these recommendations for CRC screening. Also, little was known about attitudes and perception toward nutrition and physical activity among African-Americans. This study examines cultural beliefs and perceptions toward nutrition, and physical activity. In addition to the relationship between the intake of dietary fiber and risk of CRC, particularly when poor diet is combined with excess calorie intake and weight gain, physical inactivity, and unhealthy practices, such as smoking and consumption of alcohol. The results support the recommendation frrom the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Cancer Society that individuals should engage in 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity (preferably all) days of the week. Results discuss the context of CST concept and implications for CRC screening practices and the relationships of power and the uderlying structures in society that produce population inequalities (Grams & Christ, 1992). Keywords: African Americans, Caucasians; colorectal cancer screening; health disparities; Critical Social therory;
Author: Pamela M. James
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African American men
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Author: Charles Ray Rogers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 223
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Of cancers affecting both men and women, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cancer to kill African Americans in the U.S. Compared to White men, African-American men have CRC incidence and mortality rates 20% and 45% higher, respectively. Owing to CRC's high incidence and younger age at presentation among African-American men, CRC screening (CRCS) is warranted at age 45 rather than 50. Yet, most studies have focused on men older than 45. The findings of these studies suggest that CRC survival is inversely related to early detection, and advocate the continued need for development, testing, and translating prevention interventions into increase screening behavior. Hence, the two-fold purpose of this study was to (1) conduct a systematic review of the professional literature to assess African-American men's knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors regarding CRCS; and (2) assess the knowledge, attitudes, male role norms, perceptions of subjective norms, and perceptions of barriers associated with CRCS among young adult African-American men (ages 19-45) employing survey research methodology. Utilizing Garrard's Matrix Method, the systematic literature review synthesized 28 studies examining African-American men's knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors regarding CRCS. Six factors emerged as associated with CRCS intentions and behaviors: previous CRCS, CRC test preference, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, CRC/CRCS knowledge, and physician support/recommendation. In addition, the mean methodological quality score of 10.9 indicated these studies were, overall, of medium quality and suffered from specific flaws. The second component of this study -- an on-line survey questionnaire -- described the male role norms, knowledge, attitudes, perceived subjective norms, and perceived barriers associated with screening for CRC among a non-random sample of 157 young adult African-American men. Ultimately, family history of cancer, work status, and perceived barriers were the critical factors associated with attitudes in all of our models/analyses. Of these, perceived barriers are the only factors amenable to change through health education efforts. Because this study was narrowly-focused on a specific group of African Americans, it provides a solid basis for developing structured health education interventions to increase young adult African-American men's intention to screen for CRC. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151811
Author: Jason Q. Purnell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 134
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Book Description
Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death for African Americans, but screening consistent with American Cancer Society guidelines remains underutilized. Many of the theoretical models currently used to explain preventive health behavior do not include social and cultural factors relevant to this population, such as adoption of mainstream cultural norms (acculturation), mistrust of health care systems, group-level perceptions of susceptibility, and social support. The purpose of this study is to test a sociocultural model of intention to be screened for colorectal cancer among African Americans. The model proposes that sociodemographic variables, social support, socio-cultural factors, and perceived susceptibility are all predictors of the intention to undergo colorectal cancer screening for African Americans. The relationship between this set of variables and intentions is mediated by the perceived barriers and perceived benefits of screening. Data are presented on a sample of 198 African Americans recruited from churches, places of employment, and social/civic organizations in two large Midwestern cities. Structural equation modeling (LISREL) was used to test the model. The model exhibited good fit (RMSEA = .061) and socio-cultural variables added significantly to the prediction of intention to screen for colorectal cancer with perceived benefits and barriers as mediators. Specifically, individuals with more traditional acculturative strategies, less medical mistrust, and more perceived group susceptibility reported more intention to be screened as a function of greater perception of benefits of screening. Younger individuals and those with greater access to health care also reported more intention as a function of less perceived barriers to screening. However, socioeconomic status, social support, and individual susceptibility did not have significant indirect effects through benefits and barriers. Post-hoc analyses examining the model in greater detail and testing interactions among socio-cultural predictors are presented along with information on the sample's knowledge and past utilization of colorectal cancer screening. These results are discussed with reference to their implications for future research and interventions addressing African American colorectal cancer screening.
Author: Joseph Anderson, MD
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1607613980
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
Colorectal Cancer Screening provides a complete overview of colorectal cancer screening, from epidemiology and molecular abnormalities, to the latest screening techniques such as stool DNA and FIT, Computerized Tomography (CT) Colonography, High Definition Colonoscopes and Narrow Band Imaging. As the text is devoted entirely to CRC screening, it features many facts, principles, guidelines and figures related to screening in an easy access format. This volume provides a complete guide to colorectal cancer screening which will be informative to the subspecialist as well as the primary care practitioner. It represents the only text that provides this up to date information about a subject that is continually changing. For the primary practitioner, information on the guidelines for screening as well as increasing patient participation is presentedd. For the subspecialist, information regarding the latest imaging techniques as well as flat adenomas and chromoendoscopy are covered. The section on the molecular changes in CRC will appeal to both groups. The text includes up to date information about colorectal screening that encompasses the entire spectrum of the topic and features photographs of polyps as well as diagrams of the morphology of polyps as well as photographs of CT colonography images. Algorithms are presented for all the suggested guidelines. Chapters are devoted to patient participation in screening and risk factors as well as new imaging technology. This useful volume explains the rationale behind screening for CRC. In addition, it covers the different screening options as well as the performance characteristics, when available in the literature, for each test. This volume will be used by the sub specialists who perform screening tests as well as primary care practitioners who refer patients to be screened for colorectal cancer.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309170133
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 564
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Book Description
Cancer ranks second only to heart disease as a leading cause of death in the United States, making it a tremendous burden in years of life lost, patient suffering, and economic costs. Fulfilling the Potential for Cancer Prevention and Early Detection reviews the proof that we can dramatically reduce cancer rates. The National Cancer Policy Board, part of the Institute of Medicine, outlines a national strategy to realize the promise of cancer prevention and early detection, including specific and wide-ranging recommendations. Offering a wealth of information and directly addressing major controversies, the book includes: A detailed look at how significantly cancer could be reduced through lifestyle changes, evaluating approaches used to alter eating, smoking, and exercise habits. An analysis of the intuitive notion that screening for cancer leads to improved health outcomes, including a discussion of screening methods, potential risks, and current recommendations. An examination of cancer prevention and control opportunities in primary health care delivery settings, including a review of interventions aimed at improving provider performance. Reviews of professional education and training programs, research trends and opportunities, and federal programs that support cancer prevention and early detection. This in-depth volume will be of interest to policy analysts, cancer and public health specialists, health care administrators and providers, researchers, insurers, medical journalists, and patient advocates.
Author: R. Rajeswari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computer engineering
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Office of Office of the Surgeon
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781083100160
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 109
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Book Description
This document is a Call to Action to partners in prevention from various sectors across the nation to address skin cancer as a major public health problem. Many partners are essential to this effort, including federal, state, tribal, local, and territorial governments; members of the business, health care, and education sectors; community, nonprofit, and faith-based organizations; and individuals and families. The goal of this document is to increase awareness of skin cancer and to call for actions to reduce its risk.The first section describes the problem of skin cancer and its major risk factors. It also discusses the relationship between exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and health. The second section describes the current evidence on preventing skin cancer, including current initiatives in the United States and in other countries. The third section describes the gaps in research related to skin cancer prevention, highlighting areas of research where more work is needed. The fourth section identifies specific opportunities to prevent skin cancer by reducing UV exposure in the U.S. population and calls for nationwide action.
Author: Fava
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 380559853X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
Expands and refines the psychosomatic approach in clinical practice Psychosomatic medicine has developed methods to increase diagnostic accuracy and improve targeted therapeutic approaches in all fields of medicine. In this context, clinimetrics, the science of clinical measurements, provides unprecedented opportunities for psychosomatic assessment. This volume illustrates how this approach can be translated into everyday practice complementing and improving the medical interview. The most sensitive and reliable clinical methods are presented for evaluating specific psychosocial aspects of disease, i.e. childhood adversities, life events and chronic stress, lifestyle, sexual function, subclinical and affective disturbances, personality, illness behavior, well-being and family dynamics. Each chapter provides practical illustrations as to how crucial information can be obtained with specific methods individualized according to the patients' needs. A hyperlink is provided to a website that contains many of the instruments assessed in the volume. This book enables the reader to understand the value of the psychosomatic approach in clinical practice. It is intended to expand and refine the skills of clinicians who work in general and specialized medicine and psychiatry, whether physicians, psychologists or other health professionals.
