Correlating Long-term Lithium Ion Battery Performance with Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) Layer Properties PDF Download
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Author: Seong Jin An
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electrolytes
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
This study was conducted to understand effects of some of key factors (i.e., anode surface properties, formation cycling conditions, and electrolyte conditions) on solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and the battery cycle life. The SEI layer passivates electrode surfaces and prevents electron transfer and electrolyte diffusion through it while allowing lithium ion diffusion, which is essential for stable reversible capacities. It also influences initial capacity loss, self-discharge, cycle life, rate capability and safety. Thus, SEI layer formation and electrochemical stability are primary topics in LIB development. This research involves experiments and discussions on key factors (graphite surface properties, electrolyte volume, and formation cycle) affecting SEI formation. For the graphite anode surface property study, ultraviolet (UV) light was applied to battery electrodes for the first time to improve the SEI and cycle life. UV treatment for 40 minutes resulted in the highest capacity retention and the lowest resistance after the cycle life testing. Anode analysis showed changes in surface chemistry and wetting after the UV treatment. It also showed increases in solvent products and decreases in salt products on the SEI surface when UV-treated anodes were used. XPS analysis showed that UV light decomposed polyvinylidene fluoride (binder) but helped to increase the oxygen level on graphite, which, resulted in a thin SEI layer, low resistance, and eventually high capacity retention. For the formation cycling condition study, a fast SEI formation protocol was proposed. The protocol involved more (shallow) charge-discharge cycles between 3.9 V and 4.2 V and fewer (full depth of discharge) cycles below 3.9 V. It improved SEI and capacity retention and shortened formation time by 6 times or more without compromising cell performance. To understand effects of electrolyte conditions, electrolyte volumes were controlled in full cells. A minimum electrolyte volume factor of 1.9 or 3 times the total pore volume of cell components (cathode, anode, and separator) was needed for long-term cyclability and low impedance of cells consisting of graphite anode or 15 weight percent Si-graphite anode, respectively. Less electrolyte resulted in an increase of the measured Ohmic resistances.
Author: Seong Jin An
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electrolytes
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
This study was conducted to understand effects of some of key factors (i.e., anode surface properties, formation cycling conditions, and electrolyte conditions) on solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and the battery cycle life. The SEI layer passivates electrode surfaces and prevents electron transfer and electrolyte diffusion through it while allowing lithium ion diffusion, which is essential for stable reversible capacities. It also influences initial capacity loss, self-discharge, cycle life, rate capability and safety. Thus, SEI layer formation and electrochemical stability are primary topics in LIB development. This research involves experiments and discussions on key factors (graphite surface properties, electrolyte volume, and formation cycle) affecting SEI formation. For the graphite anode surface property study, ultraviolet (UV) light was applied to battery electrodes for the first time to improve the SEI and cycle life. UV treatment for 40 minutes resulted in the highest capacity retention and the lowest resistance after the cycle life testing. Anode analysis showed changes in surface chemistry and wetting after the UV treatment. It also showed increases in solvent products and decreases in salt products on the SEI surface when UV-treated anodes were used. XPS analysis showed that UV light decomposed polyvinylidene fluoride (binder) but helped to increase the oxygen level on graphite, which, resulted in a thin SEI layer, low resistance, and eventually high capacity retention. For the formation cycling condition study, a fast SEI formation protocol was proposed. The protocol involved more (shallow) charge-discharge cycles between 3.9 V and 4.2 V and fewer (full depth of discharge) cycles below 3.9 V. It improved SEI and capacity retention and shortened formation time by 6 times or more without compromising cell performance. To understand effects of electrolyte conditions, electrolyte volumes were controlled in full cells. A minimum electrolyte volume factor of 1.9 or 3 times the total pore volume of cell components (cathode, anode, and separator) was needed for long-term cyclability and low impedance of cells consisting of graphite anode or 15 weight percent Si-graphite anode, respectively. Less electrolyte resulted in an increase of the measured Ohmic resistances.
Author: Perla B. Balbuena
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1860943624
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 424
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Book Description
This invaluable book focuses on the mechanisms of formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the electrode surfaces of lithium-ion batteries. The SEI film is due to electromechanical reduction of species present in the electrolyte. It is widely recognized that the presence of the film plays an essential role in the battery performance, and its very nature can determine an extended (or shorter) life for the battery. In spite of the numerous related research efforts, details on the stability of the SEI composition and its influence on the battery capacity are still controversial. This book carefully analyzes and discusses the most recent findings and advances on this topic.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 25
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Book Description
An in-depth review is presented on the science of lithium-ion battery (LIB) solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on the graphite anode, including structure, morphology, chemical composition, electrochemistry, formation mechanism, and LIB formation cycling. During initial operation of LIBs, the SEI layer forms on the graphite surfaces, the most commonly used anode material, due to side reactions with the electrolyte solvent/salt at low electro-reduction potentials. It is accepted that the SEI layer is essential to the long-term performance of LIBs, and it also has an impact on its initial capacity loss, self-discharge characteristics, cycle life, rate capability, and safety. While the presence of the anode SEI layer is vital, it is difficult to control its formation and growth, as the chemical composition, morphology, and stability depend on several factors. These factors include the type of graphite, electrolyte composition, electrochemical conditions, and cell temperature. Thus, SEI layer formation and electrochemical stability over long-term operation should be a primary topic of future investigation in the development of LIB technology. We review the progression of knowledge gained about the anode SEI, from its discovery in 1979 to the current state of understanding, and covers its formation process, differences in the chemical and structural makeup when cell materials and components are varied, methods of characterization, and associated reactions with the liquid electrolyte phase. It also discusses the relationship of the SEI layer to the LIB formation step, which involves both electrolyte wetting and subsequent slow charge-discharge cycles to grow the SEI.
Author: Perla B Balbuena
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1783260963
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 424
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Book Description
This invaluable book focuses on the mechanisms of formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the electrode surfaces of lithium-ion batteries. The SEI film is due to electrochemical reduction of species present in the electrolyte. It is widely recognized that the presence of the film plays an essential role in the battery performance, and its very nature can determine an extended (or shorter) life for the battery. In spite of the numerous related research efforts, details on the stability of the SEI composition and its influence on the battery capacity are still controversial. This book carefully analyzes and discusses the most recent findings and advances on this topic./a
Author: Xinyue Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In the domain of modern lithium-ion batteries, the anode material plays a critical role in ensuring safe and reliable storage of the battery's capacity for efficient rechargeability. However, the commercial graphite material currently utilized is constrained by its limited volumetric and gravimetric capacity, as well as its proximity to Li plating hazards. With the growing demand for increased energy storage capacity and power density, there is a significant focus on exploring new electrode materials that offer higher specific and areal capacity, scalable synthesis methods, faster charging capabilities, improved safety standards, stable cycling performance, and lower cost. Also, with the development of microscopic techniques, the knowledge gap between battery performance and microscopic changings in cell configuration, such as solid-electrolyte interphase, can be further investigated. This works aims to explore the relevant criteria through the examination of surface-modified (graphitic carbon coated) silicon as a potential anode material and the investigation of a multifunctional solid electrolyte interface (SEI) as a solid-state electrolyte. The primary objective is to advance the understanding of these key components and their interactions, ultimately driving innovation in the field of high-performance batteries. Throughout this thesis, the cyclability of bare Si anode is improved and the electrochemical properties of SEI can be quantitatively measured and correlated to battery performance.
Author: Joseph Woicik
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319240439
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 576
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Book Description
This book provides the first complete and up-to-date summary of the state of the art in HAXPES and motivates readers to harness its powerful capabilities in their own research. The chapters are written by experts. They include historical work, modern instrumentation, theory and applications. This book spans from physics to chemistry and materials science and engineering. In consideration of the rapid development of the technique, several chapters include highlights illustrating future opportunities as well.
Author: Yue Gao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a nanoscale composite layer of organic and inorganic lithium (Li) salts formed on the electrode surface by electrolyte decomposition. It is ionically conductive and electrically insulating, thus allowing facile Li-ion transport and preventing further electrolyte decomposition. Owing to these features, SEI stability is crucial to the performance of rechargeable Li batteries. Unfortunately, SEI layer are unstable for most advanced battery materials, including high-capacity anodes materials (e.g., silicon (Si) and Li) in liquid electrolyte and Li anodes in solid electrolytes (e.g., Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS)). An unstable SEI layer may cause poor battery performance including consumption of active materials and electrolyte, capacity fading, resistance increase., etc. The structure and property of SEI have generally eluded rational control since its formation and growth processes involve a series of complex and competitive electrochemical reactions. The main efforts to addressing this issue have been made on the development of new electrolyte systems to form alternative SEI layers and preformed artificial SEI layers on the electrode surface to replace the electrolyte-derived SEI.This dissertation focuses on intrinsically regulating the chemical composition and nanostructure of SEI for advanced battery materials in conventional electrolyte systems, which enables not only optimized chemical and physical properties of SEI but improved battery performance. This is realized by developing chemical and electrochemical reactive materials and allowing them to participate in the SEI formation. These materials can contribute functional components in the SEI layer and therefore alter the structure and property of the SEI deliberately. The design of functional material is based on the requirement of SEI layers for different anodes. In Chapters 2 and 3, I presented approaches to manipulating the formation process, chemical composition, and morphology of SEI for nano-sized and micro-sized Si anodes, respectively. The SEI layers were fabricated through a covalent anchoring of multiple functional components onto the Si surface, followed by electrochemical decomposition of the functional components and conventional electrolyte. We showed that to covalently bond organic oligomeric species at the surface of nano-sized Si anodes can effectively increase its SEI flexibility and realized an intimate contact between SEI and Si surface (Chapter 2). In the case of micro-sized Si anodes, we reported that to covalently bond a functional salt, N-methyl-N-propyl pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (PYR13FSI), at the surface of micro-sized Si anodes can effectively stabilize the interface and SEI (Chapter 3). In Chapters 4 and 5, we designed chemically and electrochemically active organic polymer, namely poly((N-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methyl)-5-norbornene-exo-2,3-dicarboximide), and polymeric composite containing poly(vinylsulfonyl fluoride-ran-2-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets to alter SEI formation process and regulate the composition and nanostructure of SEI for Li metal anodes. The reactive organic polymer and polymeric composite can generate stable SEI layers in situ by reacting with Li to occupy surface sites and then electrochemically decomposing to form nanoscale SEI components. The formed SEI layers presented excellent surface passivation, homogeneity, and mechanical strength. Using the polymer, we can implant polymeric ether species in the electrolyte-derived SEI, enabling improved SEI flexibility and homogeneity. In the case of polymeric composite, the SEI is mainly generated by the composite instead of electrolyte. In this way, we realized an intrinsic control of SEI structure and property. The formed SEI presented excellent homogeneity, mechanical strength, ionic conductivity, and surface passivation.In Chapter 6, we reported a novel approach based on the use of a nanocomposite consisting of organic elastomeric salts (LiO-(CH2O)n-Li) and inorganic nanoparticle salts (LiF, -NSO2-Li, Li2O), which serve as an interphase to protect Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS), a highly conductive but reducible SSE. The nanocomposite is formed in situ on Li via the electrochemical decomposition of a liquid electrolyte, therefore possessing excellent chemical and electrochemical stability, affinity for Li and LGPS, and limited interfacial resistance. We concluded this dissertation work in Chapter 7 and briefly discussed the possible future work.
Author: Nacer Badi
Publisher: Eliva Press
ISBN: 9789994982172
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In this review, different types of electrolytes and their electrical and mechanical properties have been reported and studied to evaluate their effect on LIB performance. It was noticed that the electrolyte component and solvent in polymer electrolytes have a great influence on the ionic conductivity, Li+ migration, interfacial contact between electrolyte and electrode, mechanical properties, and the performance of the entire battery. The morphology of incorporated additive materials (nanoparticles, nanowires, nanofillers, salt, etc.) may well contribute to the amelioration of the ion transport pathway, which raises the lithium-ion conductivity. A basic understanding of the chemical reaction routes and the electrolyte structure would facilitate innovation in the battery. The structural, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of new promising materials should be investigated in advance for application in advanced lithium-ion batteries. The electrochemical behavior is inextricably related to the structure. IL-based solid polymer electrolytes appear as a promising material for long-term lithium-ion batteries despite showing low ionic conductivity but exhibiting more advantages than conventional carbonate electrolytes such as good safety, stability, good electrochemical performance, good mechanical stability, and enhanced energy density. Since solid electrolytes exhibit low ionic conductivity, ILs used in SPEs increased their conductivity. In a battery, porous materials appear to offer good properties in terms of lithium ionic conductivity, with no leakage and low interface resistance, and gel-based LIBs demonstrate a good working performance, long cycling life, and high energy density. Good polymer electrolytes need to be highly conductive, safe, highly mechanically and thermally stable, and easy for film formation.
Author: Masataka Wakihara
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527611983
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : de
Pages : 261
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Book Description
Rechargeable Batteries with high energy density are in great demand as energy sources for various purposes, e.g. handies, zero emission electric vehicles, or load leveling in electric power. Lithium batteries are the most promising to fulfill such needs because of their intrinsic discharbe voltage with relatively light weight. This volume has been conceived keeping in mind selected fundamental topics together with the characteristics of the lithium ion battery on the market. It is thus a comprehensive overview of the new challenges facing the further development of lithium ion batteries from the standpoint of both materials science and technology. It will be useful for any scientist involved in the research and development of batteries in academia and industry, and also for graduate students entering the field, since it covers important topics from both fundamental and application points of view.
Author: Roya Naderi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Materials science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
While the electrochemical energy storage systems are paving their ways to solve the existing theoretical energy and power challenges, alternative cell chemistries are highly desirable. Lithium-Ion Capacitors (LIC) and Hybrid Lithium-Ion Capacitors (HLIC) incorporate the fundamental properties of intercalation/deintercalation-based Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB) materials and adsorption/desorption-based Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) materials. The combination of battery and capacitor components assist in bridging the gap between the high power-low energy EDLCs, and high energy-low power LIBs. The presence of the battery-like material is essential for providing energy in a sustained period of time; however, these materials impose long-term capacity fade based on their extent of utilization during the redox reactions. In this report, initially, the importance of a balanced design for the anode to cathode capacity ratio in the LIC consisting of Activated Carbon (AC) cathode and Hard Carbon (HC) anode was studied. We showed that increasing the HC:AC capacity ratio from 1.1. to 3 promoted higher capacity retention at both low and high current rates (C-rates). Also, the EIS characterization at different State of Charges (SOCs) was conducted to help us elucidate the Lithium-ion (Li+) kinetics inside the LICs with different HC:AC capacity ratios. The finding from the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) characteristics was further verified using the 3-electrode galvanostatic tests and showed a direct correlation between the HC:AC capacity ratio and HC's degree of utilization. It was demonstrated that battery-like HC anode can maintain better long-term capacity retention, EIS characteristics, and potential swings if its capacity ratio is at least three times larger than that of the AC cathode. Furthermore, the anode/cathode matching capacity technique was used in a HLIC based on battery-like Lithium Ferro Phosphate (LiFePO4 abbreviated as LFP) and highly porous capacitor-like AC hybrid cathode and HC anode. Investigating the impedance characteristics of the HLIC allowed us to gain a better understanding of the synergies between the AC-LFP composite materials. In particular, different active materials dominated the impedance response of the hybrid cell at different voltages, highlighting the need for analyzing individual components' contributions. The use of the Lithium metal electrode (Li-metal) in half-cells enabled the quantitative measurements of the counter-electrode. However, our results indicated that the presence of the Li-metal perturbed the EIS response due to the continuous reconstruction of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) layer at different SOCs. Using the aforementioned capacity design, a novel EIS measurement approach based on full-cells was introduced, where anode to cathode capacity ratio was accurately designed to minimize or maximize anode's contribution to the cell impedance. Namely, the Li-metal in half-cell was replaced by a carbon-based anode that only operated in its pre-deintercalation potential region. We demonstrated that the absence of the redox reactions in this region allowed for the HC anode to act as a neutral electrode. Moreover, our Electric Circuit Models (ECM) showed that a parallel LFP-AC impedance unit in the hybrid cell was a reasonable model to visualize the synergy between the LFP and AC materials.
