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Author: Nahid Ali
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288919552X
Category : Immunologic diseases. Allergy
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar is the most dreadful of all forms of leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani in Old World and Leishmania chagasi and/or Leishmania infantum in New World affecting millions of people worldwide. In active VL, macrophages host the replicating amastigotes in phagolysosomal compartments leading to splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, hyperglobulinemia, anemia, weight-loss, incessant fever and ultimately death if not treated. Treatments available against the disease are limited by increased incidence of resistance, serious side-effects, high cost and long course of treatment. Immuno-chemotherapy is an alternative to overcome the limitations of the drugs against VL. Combination of one or more of immunotherapeutic agents like BCG, Alum, IFN-?, antigen-pulsed dendritic cells (DC), etc. with chemotherapeutic drugs have been tested raising hopes for a suitable immuno-chemotherapy against VL and Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL). Antagonists of IL-10, TGF-ß, IL-13 have been effectively used with pentavalent antimonials in treatment of experimental VL. Some parasitic antigens and liposomal formulations have also been shown to impart superior therapeutic effectiveness to antileishmanial drugs. For socio-economic reasons prophylaxis is always more desirable than therapy. Although no vaccine against any form of leishmaniasis in humans is available, patients successfully treated show considerable protection from reinfection highlighting the possibility of developing prophylactic measures against the disease. Subsequently a lot of interest has been focused recently towards developing vaccines against VL and many potential vaccine candidates like whole cell (attenuated or heat killed), crude fractions, purified subunits, DNAs, recombinant proteins, fusion proteins, and genetically modified live attenuated parasites etc. have been reported. These vaccine candidates are either activators of CD4+Th1 cells and/or CD8+ T cells or neutralizers of immuno-suppression. Cationic liposomal formulations, nanoparticle and virosome delivery systems, etc. have been used to increase potency and durability of various vaccine candidates. Immuno-modulators like TLR agonists have been shown to be promising adjuvants in enhancing efficacy and overcoming the challenge of human administrable vaccine formulations. Recently role of sand fly salivary gland proteins as immune-modulators also has been explored. Various strategies such as heterologous prime boosting, targeted antigen delivery, adjuvant mediated protection, have been undertaken. Likewise, precise role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in VL disease progression needs to be investigated and exploited to develop both immuno-therapeutic and prophylactic methods. A breakthrough in immunotherapy and prophylactic strategy would help in eradication of the parasites from the pool of natural reservoirs namely VL and PKDL patients, asymptomatic carrier individuals and infected dogs ensuring success of global VL control programs.
Author: Nahid Ali
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288919552X
Category : Immunologic diseases. Allergy
Languages : en
Pages : 146
Get Book Here
Book Description
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar is the most dreadful of all forms of leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani in Old World and Leishmania chagasi and/or Leishmania infantum in New World affecting millions of people worldwide. In active VL, macrophages host the replicating amastigotes in phagolysosomal compartments leading to splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, hyperglobulinemia, anemia, weight-loss, incessant fever and ultimately death if not treated. Treatments available against the disease are limited by increased incidence of resistance, serious side-effects, high cost and long course of treatment. Immuno-chemotherapy is an alternative to overcome the limitations of the drugs against VL. Combination of one or more of immunotherapeutic agents like BCG, Alum, IFN-?, antigen-pulsed dendritic cells (DC), etc. with chemotherapeutic drugs have been tested raising hopes for a suitable immuno-chemotherapy against VL and Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL). Antagonists of IL-10, TGF-ß, IL-13 have been effectively used with pentavalent antimonials in treatment of experimental VL. Some parasitic antigens and liposomal formulations have also been shown to impart superior therapeutic effectiveness to antileishmanial drugs. For socio-economic reasons prophylaxis is always more desirable than therapy. Although no vaccine against any form of leishmaniasis in humans is available, patients successfully treated show considerable protection from reinfection highlighting the possibility of developing prophylactic measures against the disease. Subsequently a lot of interest has been focused recently towards developing vaccines against VL and many potential vaccine candidates like whole cell (attenuated or heat killed), crude fractions, purified subunits, DNAs, recombinant proteins, fusion proteins, and genetically modified live attenuated parasites etc. have been reported. These vaccine candidates are either activators of CD4+Th1 cells and/or CD8+ T cells or neutralizers of immuno-suppression. Cationic liposomal formulations, nanoparticle and virosome delivery systems, etc. have been used to increase potency and durability of various vaccine candidates. Immuno-modulators like TLR agonists have been shown to be promising adjuvants in enhancing efficacy and overcoming the challenge of human administrable vaccine formulations. Recently role of sand fly salivary gland proteins as immune-modulators also has been explored. Various strategies such as heterologous prime boosting, targeted antigen delivery, adjuvant mediated protection, have been undertaken. Likewise, precise role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in VL disease progression needs to be investigated and exploited to develop both immuno-therapeutic and prophylactic methods. A breakthrough in immunotherapy and prophylactic strategy would help in eradication of the parasites from the pool of natural reservoirs namely VL and PKDL patients, asymptomatic carrier individuals and infected dogs ensuring success of global VL control programs.
Author: Carlos Brisola Marcondes
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319138847
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 642
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Book Description
Arthropod borne diseases cause enormous morbidity and mortality in most countries, mostly in those situated in tropical areas, but also in temperate regions. This book provides organized information on all arthropod related diseases, to prevent suffering and deaths, for medical students and professionals. Since arthropod borne diseases are present in many regions of the world and can even surprise professionals and lays in non-endemic regions, like malaria in UK and Canada, the author and its many expert collaborators are sure that it will be essential in all hospitals, clinics and medical libraries around the world. As arthropod borne diseases of domesticated animals are very numerous and in some cases related to human diseases, they are also included in the book.
Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190628634
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 705
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Book Description
THE ESSENTIAL WORK IN TRAVEL MEDICINE -- NOW COMPLETELY UPDATED FOR 2018 As unprecedented numbers of travelers cross international borders each day, the need for up-to-date, practical information about the health challenges posed by travel has never been greater. For both international travelers and the health professionals who care for them, the CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel is the definitive guide to staying safe and healthy anywhere in the world. The fully revised and updated 2018 edition codifies the U.S. government's most current health guidelines and information for international travelers, including pretravel vaccine recommendations, destination-specific health advice, and easy-to-reference maps, tables, and charts. The 2018 Yellow Book also addresses the needs of specific types of travelers, with dedicated sections on: · Precautions for pregnant travelers, immunocompromised travelers, and travelers with disabilities · Special considerations for newly arrived adoptees, immigrants, and refugees · Practical tips for last-minute or resource-limited travelers · Advice for air crews, humanitarian workers, missionaries, and others who provide care and support overseas Authored by a team of the world's most esteemed travel medicine experts, the Yellow Book is an essential resource for travelers -- and the clinicians overseeing their care -- at home and abroad.
Author: Alicia Ponte-Sucre
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3709111250
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 458
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Book Description
One of the main problems concerning therapeutic tools for the treatment of parasitic diseases, including leishmaniasis, is that some field parasites are naturally resistant to the classical drugs; additionally, current therapies may select parasites prone to be resistant to the applied drugs. These features are (at least partially) responsible for the disappointing persistence of the disease and resultant deaths worldwide. This book provides a comprehensive view of the pathology of the disease itself, and of parasitic drug resistance, its molecular basis, consequences and possible treatments. Scientists both from academic fields and from the industry involved in biomedical research and drug design, will find in this book a valuable and fundamental guide that conveys the knowledge needed to understand and to improve the success in combating this disease worldwide.
Author: Prati Pal Singh
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811315779
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 424
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Book Description
Infectious Diseases and Your Health has the potential to impact and improve your life, and the lives of your loved ones. Every day, nearly 40, 000 people including small children and women die of infectious diseases. Many of these innocent lives could be saved. Your journey through the pages of this book will take you to an amazing world of infectious diseases. You will learn about various infectious diseases, how they can affect your life, the problems associated with their treatment and prevention, and how to overcome these problems. Additionally, you will hear the success story of new drug research, be introduced to the hard facts, and find fascinating pictures of microorganisms and parasites. The book provides instant solutions to several of your concerns about infectious diseases, and you will learn to live a highly productive, long and healthy life. So, join thousands of readers of this book worldwide, enhance your life and the lives of your loving family, become an informed healthy citizen, and contribute to achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. Let us never forget: life and quality of life are very precious.
Author: Farhat Afrin
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789841011
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
Leishmania parasites plague the mammalian host causing high morbidity and mortality. The parasites persist in the hostile milieu, crippling its defensive arsenal. In the face of mounting resistance to an antiquated drug arsenal, new approaches are urgently desired to keep the infection at bay. Furthermore, to strengthen the leishmaniasis elimination drive, particular emphasis has to be laid on identification of new targets and vaccination strategies. This book gives a brief glimpse of the epidemiology of leishmaniasis, immune evasion, vaccination, and therapeutic modalities that may work by untangling the immunological cross-wires of pathogenic cross-talk. The Conventional treatment and its drawbacks, the prospects of phytotherapy and nanomedicines, are also discussed. The identification of drug targets with the aim of designing inhibitors is also exemplified.
Author: Gauri Misra
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128213973
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
Molecular Advancements in Tropical Diseases Drug Discovery presents in-depth knowledge relating to the detection of infection, epidemiology, drugs against various tropical diseases, new target sites for drug discovery and multidrug resistance issues using bioinformatics tools and approaches. The book's chapters are written by experts in their respective fields so that each disease is covered in a rational manner and with a solid foundation on existing facts and prospective research ideas. - Updates knowledge about tropical diseases with recent advancements in the field - Presents an overview of new research covering detection, infection, epidemiology and risk factors of the most common tropical diseases using bioinformatics tools - Encompasses a detailed description of developments in drug discovery, new drugs and their molecular mechanisms of action
Author: Hussein Abdelhay Essayed Kaoud
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535128310
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
There is a possibility that during a pet's lifetime, medication may be recommended to treat medical conditions or problems. This book Canine Medicine - Recent Topics and Advanced Research provides the knowledge in diagnosis and treatment of some important diseases and problems that the canines face. I believe that this book offers broader perspective to the readers in the recent advances in canine medicine, starting from recent topics to application in clinical diagnosis and therapeutics for practitioners and veterinarians. The main purpose of the book is to point out the interest of some important topics of canine medicine and the progress in this field and to clear its importance in veterinary medicine.
Author: Günter Burg
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642607527
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 418
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Book Description
Recent progress in the fields of pharmacology and immunology has provided us with new possibilities for treating dermatological diseases. This book reviews the most important immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory drugs and gives helpful, practical information on the treatment of various dermatoses, including autoimmundiseases, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vasculitis, contact dermatitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, infectious diseases, and neoplasms of the skin - in particular, malignant melanoma.
Author: Roberto Arenas
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498712754
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 378
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Book Description
Tropical diseases are not merely a group of nosologic diseases indigenous to the intertropical zone. Many are diseases of poor public health originating from poverty, ignorance, and population upheaval. Tropical dermatoses represent a public health problem in 127 countries with a population of 3 billion people who do not have access to health care.
