Contribution of Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Xenobiotics Implicated in Cases of Drug-facilitated Crimes and the Quantitation of Urinary Metabolites of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Contribution of Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Xenobiotics Implicated in Cases of Drug-facilitated Crimes and the Quantitation of Urinary Metabolites of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PDF Author: Mohammed K.S. Shbair
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Les méthodes actuelles d'analyse pour rechercher des xénobiotiques et/ou leurs métabolites dans les liquides biologiques peuvent dans certaines occasions manquer de sensibilité. Ainsi, il est souvent difficile de mettre en évidence les substances utilisées par des agresseurs pour commettre des actes délictuels sur leurs victimes (vols ou encore viols), parce que ces substances administrées en très faibles quantités ont généralement des demi-vies courtes, ou que les recherches de ces substances se font plusieurs jours après l'agression. De même dans le cadre de l'exposition aux polluants de l'environnement et particulièrement aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques, il est difficile de mettre en évidence l'importance de l'exposition de salariés ou encore de la population générale à ces composés. Dans le cadre de la soumission chimique, l'utilisation de la chromatographie en phase liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem (MS / MS) permet d'obtenir une sensibilité suffisante notamment en mode MRM pour détecter des substances ou leurs métabolites dans les liquides biologiques de victimes. L'utilisation de la même technologie permet de rechercher les métabolites hydroxylés des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques. Les objectifs du travail ont été de montrer l'applicabilité de la spectrométrie de masse dans deux domaines. Le premier se rapporte à la soumission chimique, domaine dans lequel après avoir rappelé, les définitions, la prévalence des cas de soumission chimique en Europe et dans les pays anglophones, la liste des substances psychoactives incriminées, les difficultés couramment rencontrées lors des investigations et les recommandations pour améliorer la détection des substances aux niveau des analyses toxicologiques, est rapporté un cas de soumission chimique par le diéthylamide de l'acide lysergique ou LSD, par mise en évidence de ce composé et de son métabolite principal par UPLC-MS/MS. Au cours du travail sur la mise en évidence des substances de la soumission chimique, nous avions préparé les extraits biologiques en mélangeant des extraits effectués à pH acide et alcalin et en ionisant les molécules en mode électrospray négatif et positif. Il est vite apparu que certaines molécules avaient une limite de détection trop élevée. Nous avons alors développé une méthode spécifique pour ces molécules afin d'améliorer leur détection. Le second domaine d'application a été la mise en évidence des métabolites hydroxylés des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques. Dans un premiers temps, nous avons réalisé une revue générale de ces substances polluantes de l'environnement, puis nous avons validé par chromatographie liquide de haute performance couplée à la spectrométrie de masse une méthode qui permet d'identifier et de doser ces métabolites dans l'urine de sujets exposés ou non à ces HAP.

Contribution of Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Xenobiotics Implicated in Cases of Drug-facilitated Crimes and the Quantitation of Urinary Metabolites of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Contribution of Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Xenobiotics Implicated in Cases of Drug-facilitated Crimes and the Quantitation of Urinary Metabolites of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PDF Author: Mohammed K.S. Shbair
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Les méthodes actuelles d'analyse pour rechercher des xénobiotiques et/ou leurs métabolites dans les liquides biologiques peuvent dans certaines occasions manquer de sensibilité. Ainsi, il est souvent difficile de mettre en évidence les substances utilisées par des agresseurs pour commettre des actes délictuels sur leurs victimes (vols ou encore viols), parce que ces substances administrées en très faibles quantités ont généralement des demi-vies courtes, ou que les recherches de ces substances se font plusieurs jours après l'agression. De même dans le cadre de l'exposition aux polluants de l'environnement et particulièrement aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques, il est difficile de mettre en évidence l'importance de l'exposition de salariés ou encore de la population générale à ces composés. Dans le cadre de la soumission chimique, l'utilisation de la chromatographie en phase liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem (MS / MS) permet d'obtenir une sensibilité suffisante notamment en mode MRM pour détecter des substances ou leurs métabolites dans les liquides biologiques de victimes. L'utilisation de la même technologie permet de rechercher les métabolites hydroxylés des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques. Les objectifs du travail ont été de montrer l'applicabilité de la spectrométrie de masse dans deux domaines. Le premier se rapporte à la soumission chimique, domaine dans lequel après avoir rappelé, les définitions, la prévalence des cas de soumission chimique en Europe et dans les pays anglophones, la liste des substances psychoactives incriminées, les difficultés couramment rencontrées lors des investigations et les recommandations pour améliorer la détection des substances aux niveau des analyses toxicologiques, est rapporté un cas de soumission chimique par le diéthylamide de l'acide lysergique ou LSD, par mise en évidence de ce composé et de son métabolite principal par UPLC-MS/MS. Au cours du travail sur la mise en évidence des substances de la soumission chimique, nous avions préparé les extraits biologiques en mélangeant des extraits effectués à pH acide et alcalin et en ionisant les molécules en mode électrospray négatif et positif. Il est vite apparu que certaines molécules avaient une limite de détection trop élevée. Nous avons alors développé une méthode spécifique pour ces molécules afin d'améliorer leur détection. Le second domaine d'application a été la mise en évidence des métabolites hydroxylés des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques. Dans un premiers temps, nous avons réalisé une revue générale de ces substances polluantes de l'environnement, puis nous avons validé par chromatographie liquide de haute performance couplée à la spectrométrie de masse une méthode qui permet d'identifier et de doser ces métabolites dans l'urine de sujets exposés ou non à ces HAP.

Toxicology in the Use, Misuse, and Abuse of Food, Drugs, and Chemicals

Toxicology in the Use, Misuse, and Abuse of Food, Drugs, and Chemicals PDF Author: European Society of Toxicology. Meeting
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 426

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Book Description
Many chemotherapeutic agents introduced for use in humans are carcinogenic in laboratory animals (Conklin et al. 1965; Shimkin et al. 1966; Griswold et al. 1968; Harris 1976). However, initially their beneficial effect in disseminated cancer was of such short duration that the inevitable death of the patient from his primary disease precluded any clinical manifestation of the carcinogenic potential. During the last decade, chemotherapy has radically changed the outlook for many patients with cancer. Combinations of drugs, administered as the primary treatment, have resulted in high rates of cure in patients with disseminated malignancies, such as stage IV Hodgkin's disease or childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. In other disseminated forms of neoplasia, induction of a remission, a substantial palliation and a prolongation of survival have been achieved. In many instances of localised disease, where surgery with or without radiotherapy are the primary form of treatment, anticancer drugs have been used with success as adjuvant therapy for distant microscopic disease. With these spectacular achievements, secondary malignancies, in particular acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), has become of major concern. Incidence Acute leukemia is the most frequent form of secondary neoplasia in patients treated for cancer (Penn 1981). In one large series, 5. 9% of all ANLL could be attributed to previous chemotherapy (Kapadia et al. 1980).

Handbook of Drug Monitoring Methods

Handbook of Drug Monitoring Methods PDF Author: Amitava Dasgupta
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1588297802
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 441

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Book Description
Written in a handbook style with specific methods and tips on eliminating false positive and false negative results, this book is a practical guide to the detailed mechanisms of such occurrences.

Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, Tenth Edition (ebook)

Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, Tenth Edition (ebook) PDF Author: Robert S. Hoffman
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 0071801855
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1909

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Book Description
The standard-setting reference in medical toxicology—trusted as the leading evidencebased resource for poison emergencies A Doody's Core Title for 2017! For decades, one name has been synonymous with the most respected, rigorous perspectives on medical toxicology and the treatment of poisoned and overdosed patients: Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies. Presented in full color, Goldfrank’s delivers essential, patientcenteredcoverage of every aspect of poison management. The editors and authors are recognized as preeminent scholars in their specialties and provide unmatched coverage of all aspects of toxicologic emergencies, from pharmacology and clinical presentation to cutting-edge treatment strategies. Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, Tenth Edition begins with an examination of medical toxicology principles and techniques. It then reviews the biochemical, molecular, and pathophysiologic basis of toxicology, followed by an intense focus on toxicologic principles related to special patient populations. Features Case studies enhance your understanding of the clinical application of the text material Practical focus on the pathophysiologic basis of medical toxicology The Antidotes in Depth sections delivers the expertise of toxicologists across the world as they present treatments for critically ill poisoned and overdosed patients and allow you to easily identify key issues relating to the use of complex and often unfamiliar therapies The principles of risk management, medicolegal decision making, patient safety, post mortem toxicology and the assessment of ethanol induced impairment described in chapters and Special Considerations emphasize the interface between medical toxicology, the law, and quality care

The Pharmacology of LSD

The Pharmacology of LSD PDF Author: Annelie Hintzen
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0199589828
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 231

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Book Description
LSD has a controversial and extraordinary reputation, due to the special effects it can induce on human consciousness.This book is the first ever comprehensive review of the psychological and pharmacological effects of LSD. It draws on data from more than 3000 experimental and clinical studies.

Essentials of Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Essentials of Pharmaceutical Chemistry PDF Author: Donald Cairns
Publisher: Pharmaceutical Press
ISBN: 0853699798
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 321

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Book Description
An introduction to pharmaceutical chemistry for undergraduate pharmacy, chemistry and medicinal chemistry students. Essentials of Pharmaceutical Chemistry is a chemistry introduction that covers all of the core material necessary to provide an understanding of the basic chemistry of drug molecules. Now a core text on many university courses, it contains numerous worked examples and problems

Tattooed Skin and Health

Tattooed Skin and Health PDF Author: J. Serup
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3318027774
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 270

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Book Description
With about 10–20% of the adult population in Europe being tattooed, there is a strong demand for publications discussing the various issues related to tattooed skin and health. Until now, only a few scientific studies on tattooing have been published. This book discusses different aspects of the various medical risks associated with tattoos, such as allergic reactions from red tattoos, papulo-nodular reactions from black tattoos as well as technical and psycho-social complications, in addition to bacterial and viral infections. Further sections are dedicated to the composition of tattoo inks, and a case is made for the urgent introduction of national and international regulations. Distinguished authors, all specialists in their particular fields, have contributed to this publication which provides a comprehensive view of the health implications associated with tattooing. The book covers a broad range of topics that will be of interest to clinicians and nursing staff, toxicologists and regulators as well as laser surgeons who often face the challenge of having to remove tattoos, professional tattooists and producers of tattoo ink.

Antibiotic Discovery and Development

Antibiotic Discovery and Development PDF Author: Thomas J. Dougherty
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461414008
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1119

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Book Description
This volume covers all aspects of the antibiotic discovery and development process through Phase II/III. The contributors, a group of highly experienced individuals in both academics and industry, include chapters on the need for new antibiotic compounds, strategies for screening for new antibiotics, sources of novel synthetic and natural antibiotics, discovery phases of lead development and optimization, and candidate compound nominations into development. Beyond discovery , the handbook will cover all of the studies to prepare for IND submission: Phase I (safety and dose ranging), progression to Phase II (efficacy), and Phase III (capturing desired initial indications). This book walks the reader through all aspects of the process, which has never been done before in a single reference. With the rise of antibiotic resistance and the increasing view that a crisis may be looming in infectious diseases, there are strong signs of renewed emphasis in antibiotic research. The purpose of the handbook is to offer a detailed overview of all aspects of the problem posed by antibiotic discovery and development.

Food Safety Handbook

Food Safety Handbook PDF Author: Ronald H. Schmidt
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 047143227X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 866

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Book Description
As with the beginning of the twentieth century, when food safety standards and the therapeutic benefits of certain foods and supplements first caught the public’s attention, the dawn of the twenty-first century finds a great social priority placed on the science of food safety. Ronald Schmidt and Gary Rodrick’s Food Safety Handbook provides a single, comprehensive reference on all major food safety issues. This expansive volume covers current United States and international regulatory information, food safety in biotechnology, myriad food hazards, food safety surveillance, and risk prevention. Approaching food safety from retail, commercial, and institutional angles, this authoritative resource analyzes every step of the food production process, from processing and packaging to handling and distribution. The Handbook categorizes and defines real and perceived safety issues surrounding food, providing scientifically non-biased perspectives on issues for professional and general readers. Each part is divided into chapters, which are then organized into the following structure: Introduction and Definition of Issues; Background and Historical Significance; Scientific Basis and Implications; Regulatory, Industrial, and International Implications; and Current and Future Implications. Topics covered include: Risk assessment and epidemiology Biological, chemical, and physical hazards Control systems and intervention strategies for reducing risk or preventing food hazards, such as Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) Diet, health, and safety issues, with emphasis on food fortification, dietary supplements, and functional foods Worldwide food safety issues, including European Union perspectives on genetic modification Food and beverage processors, manufacturers, transporters, and government regulators will find the Food Safety Handbook to be the premier reference in its field.

Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer

Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 537

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Book Description