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Author: Mr.Andreas A. Jobst
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1475557531
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 93
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Book Description
The recent global financial crisis has forced a re-examination of risk transmission in the financial sector and how it affects financial stability. Current macroprudential policy and surveillance (MPS) efforts are aimed establishing a regulatory framework that helps mitigate the risk from systemic linkages with a view towards enhancing the resilience of the financial sector. This paper presents a forward-looking framework ("Systemic CCA") to measure systemic solvency risk based on market-implied expected losses of financial institutions with practical applications for the financial sector risk management and the system-wide capital assessment in top-down stress testing. The suggested approach uses advanced contingent claims analysis (CCA) to generate aggregate estimates of the joint default risk of multiple institutions as a conditional tail expectation using multivariate extreme value theory (EVT). In addition, the framework also helps quantify the individual contributions to systemic risk and contingent liabilities of the financial sector during times of stress.
Author: Mr.Andreas A. Jobst
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1475557531
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 93
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Book Description
The recent global financial crisis has forced a re-examination of risk transmission in the financial sector and how it affects financial stability. Current macroprudential policy and surveillance (MPS) efforts are aimed establishing a regulatory framework that helps mitigate the risk from systemic linkages with a view towards enhancing the resilience of the financial sector. This paper presents a forward-looking framework ("Systemic CCA") to measure systemic solvency risk based on market-implied expected losses of financial institutions with practical applications for the financial sector risk management and the system-wide capital assessment in top-down stress testing. The suggested approach uses advanced contingent claims analysis (CCA) to generate aggregate estimates of the joint default risk of multiple institutions as a conditional tail expectation using multivariate extreme value theory (EVT). In addition, the framework also helps quantify the individual contributions to systemic risk and contingent liabilities of the financial sector during times of stress.
Author: Kenneth D. Garbade
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262072236
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 442
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Book Description
Bringing together developments from the past 30years in contingent valuation, this book examines the relative value of securities in a corporation's capital structure, including debt of different priorities, convertible debt, common stock, and warrants.
Author: Dan Galai
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
ISBN: 9789814730723
Category : Corporations
Languages : en
Pages : 2036
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Book Description
Black and Scholes (1973) and Merton (1974) (hereafter referred to as BSM) introduced the contingent claim approach (CCA) to the valuation of corporate debt and equity. The BSM modeling framework is also named the 'structural' approach to risky debt valuation. The CCA approach considers all stakeholders of the corporation as holding contingent claims on the assets of the corporation. Each claim holder has different priorities, maturities and conditions for payouts. It is based on the principle that all the assets belong to all the liability holders.In the structural approach the arrival of the default event relies on economic arguments for why firms default as it is explicitly related to the dynamics of the economic value of the firm. A standard structural model of default timing assumes that a corporation defaults when its assets drop to a sufficiently low level relative to its liabilities.The BSM modeling framework gives the basic fundamental version of the structural model where default is assumed to occur when the net asset value of the firm at the maturity of the pure-discount debt becomes negative, i.e., market value of the assets of the firm falls below the market value of the firm's liabilities. In a regime of limited liability, the shareholders of the firm have the option to default on the firm's debt. Equity can be viewed as a European call option on the firm's assets with a strike price equal to the face value of the firm's debt. Actually, CCA can be used to value all the components of the firm's liabilities. Option pricing models are used to value stocks, bonds, and many other types of corporate claims.Different versions of the model correspond to different assumptions about the conditions when a firm defaults. Merton (1974) assumes that the firm only defaults at the maturity date of the firm's outstanding debt when the net asset value of the firm, in market value terms, is negative. Others introduce other conditions for default. Also, different authors introduce more complicated capital structure with different kinds of bonds (e.g. senior and junior), warrants, corporate taxes, ESOP, and more. Volume 1: Foundations of CCA and Equity ValuationVolume 1 presents the seminal papers of Black and Scholes (1973) and Merton (1973, 1974). This volume also includes papers that specifically price equity as a call option on the corporation. It introduces warrants, convertible bonds and taxation as contingent claims on the corporation. It highlights the strong relationship between the CCA and the Modigliani-Miller (M&M) Theorems, and the relation to the Capital Assets Pricing Model (CAPM). Volume 2: CCA Approach to Corporate Debt ValuationVolume 2 concentrates on corporate bond valuation by introducing various types of bonds with different covenants as well as introducing various conditions that trigger default. While empirical evidence indicates that the simple Merton's model underestimates the credit spreads, additional risk factors like jumps can be used to resolve it. Volume 3: Issues in Corporate Finance with CCA ApproachVolume 3 includes papers that look at issues in corporate finance that can be explained with the CCA approach. These issues include the effect of dividend policy on the valuation of debt and equity, the pricing of employee stock options and many other issues of corporate governance. Volume 4: CCA Approach to Banking and Financial IntermediationVolume 4 focuses on the application of the contingent claim approach to banks and other financial intermediaries. Regulation of the banking industry led to the creation of new financial securities (e.g., CoCos) and new types of stakeholders (e.g., deposit insurers).
Author: Manuel Ammann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662064251
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 259
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Book Description
This book offers an advanced introduction to models of credit risk valuation, concentrating on firm-value and reduced-form approaches and their application. Also included are new models for valuing derivative securities with credit risk. The book provides detailed descriptions of the state-of-the-art martingale methods and advanced numerical implementations based on multivariate trees used to price derivative credit risk. Numerical examples illustrate the effects of credit risk on the prices of financial derivatives.
Author: Aswath Damodaran
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
ISBN: 1601980140
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
Valuation lies at the heart of much of what we do in finance, whether it is the study of market efficiency and questions about corporate governance or the comparison of different investment decision rules in capital budgeting. In this paper, we consider the theory and evidence on valuation approaches. We begin by surveying the literature on discounted cash flow valuation models, ranging from the first mentions of the dividend discount model to value stocks to the use of excess return models in more recent years. In the second part of the paper, we examine relative valuation models and, in particular, the use of multiples and comparables in valuation and evaluate whether relative valuation models yield more or less precise estimates of value than discounted cash flow models. In the final part of the paper, we set the stage for further research in valuation by noting the estimation challenges we face as companies globalize and become exposed to risk in multiple countries.
Author: Ioannis Karatzas
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387948392
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 427
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Book Description
This monograph is a sequel to Brownian Motion and Stochastic Calculus by the same authors. Within the context of Brownian-motion- driven asset prices, it develops contingent claim pricing and optimal consumption/investment in both complete and incomplete markets. The latter topic is extended to a study of equilibrium, providing conditions for the existence and uniqueness of market prices which support trading by several heterogeneous agents. Although much of the incomplete-market material is available in research papers, these topics are treated for the first time in a unified manner. The book contains an extensive set of references and notes describing the field, including topics not treated in the text. This monograph should be of interest to researchers wishing to see advanced mathematics applied to finance. The material on optimal consumption and investment, leading to equilibrium, is addressed to the theoretical finance community. The chapters on contingent claim valuation present techniques of practical importance, especially for pricing exotic options. Also available by Ioannis Karatzas and Steven E. Shreve, Brownian Motion and Stochastic Calculus, Second Edition, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 1991, 470 pp., ISBN 0-387- 97655-8.
Author: N. M. Chuong
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 981238944X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 579
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Book Description
This volume takes up various topics in Mathematical Analysis including boundary and initial value problems for Partial Differential Equations and Functional Analytic methods.Topics include linear elliptic systems for composite material ? the coefficients may jump from domain to domain; Stochastic Analysis ? many applied problems involve evolution equations with random terms, leading to the use of stochastic analysis.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in: ? Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)? CC Proceedings ? Engineering & Physical Sciences
Author: Hans Föllmer
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110463458
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 608
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Book Description
This book is an introduction to financial mathematics. It is intended for graduate students in mathematics and for researchers working in academia and industry. The focus on stochastic models in discrete time has two immediate benefits. First, the probabilistic machinery is simpler, and one can discuss right away some of the key problems in the theory of pricing and hedging of financial derivatives. Second, the paradigm of a complete financial market, where all derivatives admit a perfect hedge, becomes the exception rather than the rule. Thus, the need to confront the intrinsic risks arising from market incomleteness appears at a very early stage. The first part of the book contains a study of a simple one-period model, which also serves as a building block for later developments. Topics include the characterization of arbitrage-free markets, preferences on asset profiles, an introduction to equilibrium analysis, and monetary measures of financial risk. In the second part, the idea of dynamic hedging of contingent claims is developed in a multiperiod framework. Topics include martingale measures, pricing formulas for derivatives, American options, superhedging, and hedging strategies with minimal shortfall risk. This fourth, newly revised edition contains more than one hundred exercises. It also includes material on risk measures and the related issue of model uncertainty, in particular a chapter on dynamic risk measures and sections on robust utility maximization and on efficient hedging with convex risk measures. Contents: Part I: Mathematical finance in one period Arbitrage theory Preferences Optimality and equilibrium Monetary measures of risk Part II: Dynamic hedging Dynamic arbitrage theory American contingent claims Superhedging Efficient hedging Hedging under constraints Minimizing the hedging error Dynamic risk measures
Author: Jonathan E. Ingersoll
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 9780847673599
Category : Finance
Languages : en
Pages : 506
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Book Description
Based on courses developed by the author over several years, this book provides access to a broad area of research that is not available in separate articles or books of readings. Topics covered include the meaning and measurement of risk, general single-period portfolio problems, mean-variance analysis and the Capital Asset Pricing Model, the Arbitrage Pricing Theory, complete markets, multiperiod portfolio problems and the Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model, the Black-Scholes option pricing model and contingent claims analysis, 'risk-neutral' pricing with Martingales, Modigliani-Miller and the capital structure of the firm, interest rates and the term structure, and others.
Author: Jerome Detemple
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420034863
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Book Description
Focusing on recent developments in the field, American-Style Derivatives provides an extensive treatment of option pricing with emphasis on the valuation of American options on dividend-paying assets. This book reviews valuation principles for European contingent claims and extends the analysis to American contingent claims. It presents basic valuation principles for American options including barrier, capped, and multi-asset options. It also reviews numerical methods for option pricing and compares their relative performance. Ideal for students and researchers in quantitative finance, this material is accessible to those with a background in stochastic processes or derivative securities.
