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Author: Xing Zheng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
Flooding is the most threatening natural disaster worldwide considering the fatalities and property damage it causes. Recent flood disasters have raised concerns for accurate and responsive inundation forecast due to the rapid spread and astonishing destructive power of these events. Although recent development in large scale hydrologic simulation has enabled the real-time streamflow simulation operating on millions of river reaches, a framework for converting the forecast discharge into corresponding water surface elevation and inundation maps at a continental-scale is absent to better support local flood response. To accurately map flood inundation extent, a comprehensive description of the geometry of the channel is indispensable. As such, this dissertation presents an innovative approach for estimating river geometry and conducting inundation mapping at a continental-scale with a high spatial resolution. This approach is based on the concept of Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND). Advanced hydrologic terrain analysis workflows have been designed to derive channel hydraulic properties, stage-discharge rating curves, and inundation extents using HAND. After the mechanism being presented, the implementation of this approach across the contiguous United States has been demonstrated using the 10-meter National Elevation Dataset. The integrity of the outputs has been validated through the comparison with best available references at multiple test sites. Considering the increasingly availability of high-resolution topographic data derived from lidar technology, the dissertation further presents how advanced geomorphic feature extraction tools are integrated into the proposed approach to overcome the challenges associated with the enrichment of terrain details. At last, this dissertation presents how banklines, an essential piece of river geometry characteristic as the boundary differentiates channel zone from floodplain, is detected with enhanced geomorphic feature extraction tools for improving large-scale hydrologic simulation and inundation mapping accuracy.
Author: Xing Zheng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
Flooding is the most threatening natural disaster worldwide considering the fatalities and property damage it causes. Recent flood disasters have raised concerns for accurate and responsive inundation forecast due to the rapid spread and astonishing destructive power of these events. Although recent development in large scale hydrologic simulation has enabled the real-time streamflow simulation operating on millions of river reaches, a framework for converting the forecast discharge into corresponding water surface elevation and inundation maps at a continental-scale is absent to better support local flood response. To accurately map flood inundation extent, a comprehensive description of the geometry of the channel is indispensable. As such, this dissertation presents an innovative approach for estimating river geometry and conducting inundation mapping at a continental-scale with a high spatial resolution. This approach is based on the concept of Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND). Advanced hydrologic terrain analysis workflows have been designed to derive channel hydraulic properties, stage-discharge rating curves, and inundation extents using HAND. After the mechanism being presented, the implementation of this approach across the contiguous United States has been demonstrated using the 10-meter National Elevation Dataset. The integrity of the outputs has been validated through the comparison with best available references at multiple test sites. Considering the increasingly availability of high-resolution topographic data derived from lidar technology, the dissertation further presents how advanced geomorphic feature extraction tools are integrated into the proposed approach to overcome the challenges associated with the enrichment of terrain details. At last, this dissertation presents how banklines, an essential piece of river geometry characteristic as the boundary differentiates channel zone from floodplain, is detected with enhanced geomorphic feature extraction tools for improving large-scale hydrologic simulation and inundation mapping accuracy.
Author: Fernando Aristizábal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
with a unit Horton-Strahler stream order to reduce the influence of neighboring tributaries on flood extents. This novel implementation of HAND enabled streamflow models such the NWM to produce high quality and resolution inundation extents in both space and time across very large continental scales. It was found that computing HAND at finer spatial scales produced higher quality inundation extents due to larger catchments and improved stage-discharge relationships represented by an increase in critical success index (CSI) of nearly 5% points. Lastly, the latest Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) RS derived DEMs were incorporated into the HAND computation at varying spatial resolutions to examine their effects on catchment scale performance of FIM extents. Incorporating these LiDAR derived elevations led to significant improvement in skill at over 80% of the catchments evaluated with increases in Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), CSI, and TPR of approximately 8 to 9% points with de
Author: Guy J-P. Schumann
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119217903
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
Global Flood Hazard Subject Category Winner, PROSE Awards 2019, Earth Science Selected from more than 500 entries, demonstrating exceptional scholarship and making a significant contribution to the field of study. Flooding is a costly natural disaster in terms of damage to land, property and infrastructure. This volume describes the latest tools and technologies for modeling, mapping, and predicting large-scale flood risk. It also presents readers with a range of remote sensing data sets successfully used for predicting and mapping floods at different scales. These resources can enable policymakers, public planners, and developers to plan for, and respond to, flooding with greater accuracy and effectiveness. Describes the latest large-scale modeling approaches, including hydrological models, 2-D flood inundation models, and global flood forecasting models Showcases new tools and technologies such as Aqueduct, a new web-based tool used for global assessment and projection of future flood risk under climate change scenarios Features case studies describing best-practice uses of modeling techniques, tools, and technologies Global Flood Hazard is an indispensable resource for researchers, consultants, practitioners, and policy makers dealing with flood risk, flood disaster response, flood management, and flood mitigation.
Author: Joseph L. Jones
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Flood forecasting
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Author: Michael Gomez Sanchez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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We investigate the ability to enhance flood inundation medium-range (0-7 days) forecast maps through weather ensembles and statistically water surface elevation (WSEL) postprocessing. To generate the flood forecast maps, a one-dimensional hydraulic model (HEC-RAS) is coupled to a regional hydrological ensemble prediction system (RHEPS). The RHEPS is in this case comprised by: i) weather ensembles from the National Center for Environmental Prediction Global Ensemble Forecast System Reforecast version 2 program; ii) distributed hydrological model (HL-RDHM); iii) quantile regression (QR) as the statistical postprocessor and iv) verification strategy. The coupled hydrometeorological-hydraulic system is tested in the riverine-estuarine transition zone of the Delaware River near the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The approach is used to generate 2-hourly high-resolution flood inundation forecast maps at lead times from 0 to 7 days, over the period 2008-2013. To comprehensively and rigorously verify the forecast maps, the following four different sets of flood maps are generated: i) observed, ii) deterministic, iii) raw ensemble, and iv) postprocessed ensemble. The observed map is generated by forcing the hydraulic model with streamflow and water level observations at the boundary conditions and tributaries of the model. The deterministic and raw ensemble maps use hydrometeorological deterministic and ensemble medium-range forecasts as the forcing, respectively. Given that tide and storm surge forecast were not available for the study period, we force the hydraulic model with observed water levels at the downstream boundary for the deterministic and raw ensemble forecast maps. Lastly, the postprocessed maps are generated by using QR to postprocess the raw ensemble forecasts at individual cross-sections of the hydraulic model. Results show that the tidal fluctuations of the estuary are highly influential on the forecast skill in the transition zone. Nevertheless, upstream of the head of the tide hydrometeorologic uncertainties are dominant and can cause relatively high errors and biases in the flood inundation forecasts, especially for the later lead times. Moreover, the raw ensembles flood inundation forecasts show higher skill than the deterministic flood inundation forecasts, with higher improvement at lead times from 3 to 7 days. Furthermore, statistical postprocessing improves the skill of the raw ensemble flood inundation forecasts, with an evident improvement across all lead times but is higher at the later lead times. In conclusion, we find that the medium-range flood forecast maps can be skillful and thus provide an alternative for representing and communicating medium-range forecasts. We find that statistical postprocessing can improve the skill of the forecast maps. This may turn out to be a viable approach for bias correcting flood maps in ungauged reaches, which is required for continental scale flood mapping.
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428961038
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Author: Alec Carruthers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Book Description
GeoFlood is a flood inundation mapping package that utilizes a geodesic, cost minimization algorithm to extract channel networks from high resolution terrain data along with National Water Model forecasts and a Height Above Nearest Drainage approach to create near real time flood inundation maps. Earlier work has applied the GeoFlood framework at the scale of a single Hydrologic Unit Code 12 watershed, but this work extended the application to seven counties across the state of Texas. One meter resolution lidar digital elevation models were generated for each county and segmented by watershed, resulting in approximately 400 gigabytes of input data. Two cost functions were found to improve the channel network extraction capabilities. The unique aspect of the first cost function was the inclusion of a cost threshold, which served to increase the penalty for pixels that had a cost above a given limit, thereby restricting the extracted channel to only the minimum cost path and preventing shortcuts. A second cost function, featuring a binary representation of the National Hydrography Data high resolution flowlines, was used to improve the performance of the threshold based cost function in the presence of artificial features or within low relief topography. Four variations of a channel bed slope calculation were tested, two that were end point based and two that utilized a linear regression. The end point based methods were shown to have synthetic rating curves with a smaller percent error and variance across the first three meters of stage height, as well as less area separation from the corresponding United States Geological Survey synthetic rating curves than the regression based methods. Identification of the reaches in which the slope calculation method was most significant was conducted by analyzing the variance and standard deviation across the four computed slopes. Artificial and canal reaches at a low level (1 - 2) and high stream order (5 - 7) were found to have the most variance across their computed slopes. A reach being hydro-flattened was determined to most likely not be the sole limiting factor when it comes to the accuracy of GeoFlood derived products. An approximately equal number of low and high error synthetic rating curves were produced from hydro-flattened reaches. While improvement to the model can always be made, the application of GeoFlood across seven counties in Texas, using high resolution terrain data, was a step forward in regard to showing that GeoFlood can be applied to larger study areas than just a single watershed, including the potential for statewide and or national implementation
Author: Robert Anthony Schomp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Recent flood disasters, such as Hurricane Harvey in 2017, have emphasized the need for computationally quick simulations of flood inundation over large spatial scales. The purpose of this study is to address the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's priority goal by enhancing inundation mapping with the GeoFlood workflow. The GeoFlood flood inundation mapping approach integrates the GeoNet and Height Above Nearest Drainage methods. GeoNet utilizes high-resolution topographic data and geodesic minimization principles to extract channel networks. Then, the Height Above Nearest Drainage method is used to determine synthetic rating curves and channel hydraulic properties. Finally, the National Water Model discharge forecasts are correlated with stage heights to produce real-time flood inundation extent and depth maps. For this study, GeoFlood's computational advantages were leveraged at the Texas Advanced Computing Center to produce Hurricane Harvey flood inundation maps across seven Texas counties on a Hydrologic Unit Code 12 watershed scale. Improvement was quantified by comparing a traditional medium-resolution Height Above Nearest Drainage approach versus the GeoFlood workflow. The most significant channel and terrain characteristics used to quantify improvements were topographic relief, slope, and stream order. Performance was measured by comparing the 10-meter resolution Height Above Nearest Drainage and 1-meter resolution GeoFlood inundation maps versus the Federal Emergency Management Agency Hurricane Harvey flood depths grid and United States Geological Service Hurricane Harvey High Water Mark benchmarks. GeoFlood performance enhancements were greatest in low relief, low slope, and densely developed regions as well as across a majority of Strahler stream orders. GeoFlood increased inundation mapping performance in both extent and depth. Limitations of the approach included segment catchment filling as well as the lack of pluvial and coastal flood hazard components. Overall, this study supports the integration of high-resolution terrain data into flood inundation mapping via the GeoFlood workflow
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780660040493
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Author: Valentina Prigiobbe
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889744558
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 165
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Book Description
