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Author: Karl Hammar
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 917685454X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 261
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Book Description
Ontologies are formal knowledge models that describe concepts and relationships and enable data integration, information search, and reasoning. Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs) are reusable solutions intended to simplify ontology development and support the use of semantic technologies by ontology engineers. ODPs document and package good modelling practices for reuse, ideally enabling inexperienced ontologists to construct high-quality ontologies. Although ODPs are already used for development, there are still remaining challenges that have not been addressed in the literature. These research gaps include a lack of knowledge about (1) which ODP features are important for ontology engineering, (2) less experienced developers' preferences and barriers for employing ODP tooling, and (3) the suitability of the eXtreme Design (XD) ODP usage methodology in non-academic contexts. This dissertation aims to close these gaps by combining quantitative and qualitative methods, primarily based on five ontology engineering projects involving inexperienced ontologists. A series of ontology engineering workshops and surveys provided data about developer preferences regarding ODP features, ODP usage methodology, and ODP tooling needs. Other data sources are ontologies and ODPs published on the web, which have been studied in detail. To evaluate tooling improvements, experimental approaches provide data from comparison of new tools and techniques against established alternatives. The analysis of the gathered data resulted in a set of measurable quality indicators that cover aspects of ODP documentation, formal representation or axiomatisation, and usage by ontologists. These indicators highlight quality trade-offs: for instance, between ODP Learnability and Reusability, or between Functional Suitability and Performance Efficiency. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a need for ODP tools that support three novel property specialisation strategies, and highlight the preference of inexperienced developers for template-based ODP instantiation---neither of which are supported in prior tooling. The studies also resulted in improvements to ODP search engines based on ODP-specific attributes. Finally, the analysis shows that XD should include guidance for the developer roles and responsibilities in ontology engineering projects, suggestions on how to reuse existing ontology resources, and approaches for adapting XD to project-specific contexts.
Author: Karl Hammar
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 917685454X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 261
Get Book Here
Book Description
Ontologies are formal knowledge models that describe concepts and relationships and enable data integration, information search, and reasoning. Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs) are reusable solutions intended to simplify ontology development and support the use of semantic technologies by ontology engineers. ODPs document and package good modelling practices for reuse, ideally enabling inexperienced ontologists to construct high-quality ontologies. Although ODPs are already used for development, there are still remaining challenges that have not been addressed in the literature. These research gaps include a lack of knowledge about (1) which ODP features are important for ontology engineering, (2) less experienced developers' preferences and barriers for employing ODP tooling, and (3) the suitability of the eXtreme Design (XD) ODP usage methodology in non-academic contexts. This dissertation aims to close these gaps by combining quantitative and qualitative methods, primarily based on five ontology engineering projects involving inexperienced ontologists. A series of ontology engineering workshops and surveys provided data about developer preferences regarding ODP features, ODP usage methodology, and ODP tooling needs. Other data sources are ontologies and ODPs published on the web, which have been studied in detail. To evaluate tooling improvements, experimental approaches provide data from comparison of new tools and techniques against established alternatives. The analysis of the gathered data resulted in a set of measurable quality indicators that cover aspects of ODP documentation, formal representation or axiomatisation, and usage by ontologists. These indicators highlight quality trade-offs: for instance, between ODP Learnability and Reusability, or between Functional Suitability and Performance Efficiency. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a need for ODP tools that support three novel property specialisation strategies, and highlight the preference of inexperienced developers for template-based ODP instantiation---neither of which are supported in prior tooling. The studies also resulted in improvements to ODP search engines based on ODP-specific attributes. Finally, the analysis shows that XD should include guidance for the developer roles and responsibilities in ontology engineering projects, suggestions on how to reuse existing ontology resources, and approaches for adapting XD to project-specific contexts.
Author: E. Blomqvist
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1643681753
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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Book Description
Ontologies are the corner stone of data modeling and knowledge representation, and engineering an ontology is a complex task in which domain knowledge, ontological accuracy and computational properties need to be carefully balanced. As with any engineering task, the identification and documentation of common patterns is important, and Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs) provide ontology designers with a strong connection to requirements and a better communication of their semantic content and intent. This book, Advances in Pattern-Based Ontology Engineering, contains 23 extended versions of selected papers presented at the annual Workshop on Ontology Design and Patterns (WOP) between 2017 and 2020. This yearly event, which attracts a large number of researchers and professionals in the field of ontology engineering and ontology design patterns, covers issues related to quality aspects of ontology engineering and ODPs for data and knowledge representation, and is usually co-located with the International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC), apart from WOP 2020, which was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Topics covered by the papers collected here focus on recent advances in ontology design and patterns, and range from a method to instantiate content patterns, through a proposal on how to document a content pattern, to a number of patterns emerging in ontology modeling in various situations and applications. The book provides an overview of important advances in ontology engineering and ontology design patterns, and will be of interest to all those working in the field.
Author: Steffen Staab
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540247505
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 661
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Book Description
An ontology is a description (like a formal specification of a program) of concepts and relationships that can exist for an agent or a community of agents. The concept is important for the purpose of enabling knowledge sharing and reuse. The Handbook on Ontologies provides a comprehensive overview of the current status and future prospectives of the field of ontologies. The handbook demonstrates standards that have been created recently, it surveys methods that have been developed and it shows how to bring both into practice of ontology infrastructures and applications that are the best of their kind.
Author: B. Séroussi
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1643682857
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1018
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Book Description
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare promises to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and screening, support clinical care, and assist in various public health interventions such as disease surveillance, outbreak response, and health system management. But the increasing importance of AI in healthcare means that trustworthy AI is vital to achieve the beneficial impacts on health anticipated by both health professionals and patients. This book presents the proceedings of the 32nd Medical Informatics Europe Conference (MIE2022), organized by the European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI) and held from 27 - 30 May 2022 in Nice, France. The theme of the conference was Challenges of Trustable AI and Added-Value on Health. Over 400 submissions were received from 43 countries, and were reviewed in a thorough process by at least three reviewers before being assessed by an SPC co-chair, with papers requiring major revision undergoing further review. Included here are 147 full papers (acceptance rate 54%), 23 short papers and 79 posters from the conference. Topics covered include the usual sub-domains of biomedical informatics: decision support and clinical information systems; clinical research informatics; knowledge management and representation; consumer health informatics; natural language processing; public health informatics; and privacy, ethical and societal aspects, but also innovative approaches to the collection, such as organization and analysis of data and knowledge related to health and wellbeing, as well as theoretical and applied contributions to AI methods and algorithms. Providing an overview of the latest developments in medical informatics, the book will be of interest to all those involved in the development and provision of healthcare today.
Author: G. Cota
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1643681435
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Semantic Web technologies enable people to create data stores on the Web, build vocabularies, and write rules for handling data. They have been in use for several years now, and knowledge extraction and knowledge discovery are two key aspects investigated in a number of research fields which can potentially benefit from the application of semantic web technologies, and specifically from the development and reuse of ontologies. This book, Applications and Practices in Ontology Design, Extraction, and Reasoning, has as its main goal the provision of an overview of application fields for semantic web technologies. In particular, it investigates how state-of-the-art formal languages, models, methods, and applications of semantic web technologies reframe research questions and approaches in a number of research fields. The book also aims to showcase practical tools and background knowledge for the building and querying of ontologies. The first part of the book presents the state-of-the-art of ontology design, applications and practices in a number of communities, and in doing so it provides an overview of the latest approaches and techniques for building and reusing ontologies according to domain-dependent and independent requirements. Once the data is represented according to ontologies, it is important to be able to query and reason about them, also in the presence of uncertainty, vagueness and probabilities. The second part of the book covers some of the latest advances in the fields of ontology, semantics and reasoning, without losing sight of the book’s practical goals.
Author: Valentina Ivanova
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9176854035
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
The abundance of data at our disposal empowers data-driven applications and decision making. The knowledge captured in the data, however, has not been utilized to full potential, as it is only accessible to human interpretation and data are distributed in heterogeneous repositories. Ontologies are a key technology unlocking the knowledge in the data by providing means to model the world around us and infer knowledge implicitly captured in the data. As data are hosted by independent organizations we often need to use several ontologies and discover the relationships between them in order to support data and knowledge transfer. Broadly speaking, while ontologies provide formal representations and thus the basis, ontology alignment supplies integration techniques and thus the means to turn the data kept in distributed, heterogeneous repositories into valuable knowledge. While many automatic approaches for creating alignments have already been developed, user input is still required for obtaining the highest-quality alignments. This thesis focuses on supporting users during the cognitively intensive alignment process and makes several contributions. We have identified front- and back-end system features that foster user involvement during the alignment process and have investigated their support in existing systems by user interface evaluations and literature studies. We have further narrowed down our investigation to features in connection to the, arguably, most cognitively demanding task from the users’ perspective—manual validation—and have also considered the level of user expertise by assessing the impact of user errors on alignments’ quality. As developing and aligning ontologies is an error-prone task, we have focused on the benefits of the integration of ontology alignment and debugging. We have enabled interactive comparative exploration and evaluation of multiple alignments at different levels of detail by developing a dedicated visual environment—Alignment Cubes—which allows for alignments’ evaluation even in the absence of reference alignments. Inspired by the latest technological advances we have investigated and identified three promising directions for the application of large, high-resolution displays in the field: improving the navigation in the ontologies and their alignments, supporting reasoning and collaboration between users.
Author: Chiara Ghidini
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030307964
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 583
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Book Description
The two-volume set of LNCS 11778 and 11779 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2019, held in Auckland, New Zealand, in October 2019. The ISWC conference is the premier international forum for the Semantic Web / Linked Data Community. The total of 74 full papers included in this volume was selected from 283 submissions. The conference is organized in three tracks: for the Research Track 42 full papers were selected from 194 submissions; the Resource Track contains 21 full papers, selected from 64 submissions; and the In-Use Track features 11 full papers which were selected from 25 submissions to this track. The chapter "The SEPSES knowledge graph: An integrated resource for cybersecurity" is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.
Author: Arian Maghazeh
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9176851753
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 81
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Book Description
Modern embedded systems deploy several hardware accelerators, in a heterogeneous manner, to deliver high-performance computing. Among such devices, graphics processing units (GPUs) have earned a prominent position by virtue of their immense computing power. However, a system design that relies on sheer throughput of GPUs is often incapable of satisfying the strict power- and time-related constraints faced by the embedded systems. This thesis presents several system-level software techniques to optimize the design of GPU-based embedded systems under various graphics and non-graphics applications. As compared to the conventional application-level optimizations, the system-wide view of our proposed techniques brings about several advantages: First, it allows for fully incorporating the limitations and requirements of the various system parts in the design process. Second, it can unveil optimization opportunities through exposing the information flow between the processing components. Third, the techniques are generally applicable to a wide range of applications with similar characteristics. In addition, multiple system-level techniques can be combined together or with application-level techniques to further improve the performance. We begin by studying some of the unique attributes of GPU-based embedded systems and discussing several factors that distinguish the design of these systems from that of the conventional high-end GPU-based systems. We then proceed to develop two techniques that address an important challenge in the design of GPU-based embedded systems from different perspectives. The challenge arises from the fact that GPUs require a large amount of workload to be present at runtime in order to deliver a high throughput. However, for some embedded applications, collecting large batches of input data requires an unacceptable waiting time, prompting a trade-off between throughput and latency. We also develop an optimization technique for GPU-based applications to address the memory bottleneck issue by utilizing the GPU L2 cache to shorten data access time. Moreover, in the area of graphics applications, and in particular with a focus on mobile games, we propose a power management scheme to reduce the GPU power consumption by dynamically adjusting the display resolution, while considering the user's visual perception at various resolutions. We also discuss the collective impact of the proposed techniques in tackling the design challenges of emerging complex systems. The proposed techniques are assessed by real-life experimentations on GPU-based hardware platforms, which demonstrate the superior performance of our approaches as compared to the state-of-the-art techniques.
Author: Ivan Ukhov
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9176854264
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
One major problem for the designer of electronic systems is the presence of uncertainty, which is due to phenomena such as process and workload variation. Very often, uncertainty is inherent and inevitable. If ignored, it can lead to degradation of the quality of service in the best case and to severe faults or burnt silicon in the worst case. Thus, it is crucial to analyze uncertainty and to mitigate its damaging consequences by designing electronic systems in such a way that they effectively and efficiently take uncertainty into account. We begin by considering techniques for deterministic system-level analysis and design of certain aspects of electronic systems. These techniques do not take uncertainty into account, but they serve as a solid foundation for those that do. Our attention revolves primarily around power and temperature, as they are of central importance for attaining robustness and energy efficiency. We develop a novel approach to dynamic steady-state temperature analysis of electronic systems and apply it in the context of reliability optimization. We then proceed to develop techniques that address uncertainty. The first technique is designed to quantify the variability of process parameters, which is induced by process variation, across silicon wafers based on indirect and potentially incomplete and noisy measurements. The second technique is designed to study diverse system-level characteristics with respect to the variability originating from process variation. In particular, it allows for analyzing transient temperature profiles as well as dynamic steady-state temperature profiles of electronic systems. This is illustrated by considering a problem of design-space exploration with probabilistic constraints related to reliability. The third technique that we develop is designed to efficiently tackle the case of sources of uncertainty that are less regular than process variation, such as workload variation. This technique is exemplified by analyzing the effect that workload units with uncertain processing times have on the timing-, power-, and temperature-related characteristics of the system under consideration. We also address the issue of runtime management of electronic systems that are subject to uncertainty. In this context, we perform an early investigation of the utility of advanced prediction techniques for the purpose of finegrained long-range forecasting of resource usage in large computer systems. All the proposed techniques are assessed by extensive experimental evaluations, which demonstrate the superior performance of our approaches to analysis and design of electronic systems compared to existing techniques.
Author: Mohamed Ben Ahmed
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030111962
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1239
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Book Description
This book highlights cutting-edge research presented at the third installment of the International Conference on Smart City Applications (SCA2018), held in Tétouan, Morocco on October 10–11, 2018. It presents original research results, new ideas, and practical lessons learned that touch on all aspects of smart city applications. The respective papers share new and highly original results by leading experts on IoT, Big Data, and Cloud technologies, and address a broad range of key challenges in smart cities, including Smart Education and Intelligent Learning Systems, Smart Healthcare, Smart Building and Home Automation, Smart Environment and Smart Agriculture, Smart Economy and Digital Business, and Information Technologies and Computer Science, among others. In addition, various novel proposals regarding smart cities are discussed. Gathering peer-reviewed chapters written by prominent researchers from around the globe, the book offers an invaluable instructional and research tool for courses on computer and urban sciences; students and practitioners in computer science, information science, technology studies and urban management studies will find it particularly useful. Further, the book is an excellent reference guide for professionals and researchers working in mobility, education, governance, energy, the environment and computer sciences.
