Computational Analysis of Vehicle Occupants Dynamic Response in Side Impact Accidents with Tempered Glass in Side Windows Replaced by Laminated Glazing PDF Download
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Author: Lavanya Vemuri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Vehicle occupants involved in automobile side impact crashes are three times more likely to experience head injuries than occupants involved in frontal or other types of collisions. The most frequent contact source for an occupant in side impact crashes is the side window. In side impacts, failure of the side window glass affects the potential for the occupant head injury. Tempered glass in side window is easily shattered by exposing the occupant head into environment, where it can be directly impacted by the intruding or striking vehicle. In order to reduce the injury potential for occupant head in a collision, windows with laminated glass have been developed, which are gradually replacing the tempered glass. This study is mainly focused on understanding the dynamic response of the human head in side impact scenarios, when the tempered glass in the side windows is replaced with laminated glass. Quasi-static experiments are performed in this study with a free-motion headform impacting a laminated glass. The laminated glass is composed of two layers of glass separated by Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) interlayer. A Finite Element (FE) model of the laminated glass window is created and impacted with the FE headform at the same velocity as in the experiment, and the model is validated against experimental results. The properties of validated glass model are implemented into the side windows of a small car model to determine the performance of laminated glass in a typical side impact scenario. The responses of the occupant with the tempered and laminated glazing with and without restraints are compared. Based on the performance of the laminated glazing in side impact scenario, the laminated glass has shown to reduce the possibility of failure of the glass and thus contains the occupant from ejecting with virtually no change in injury potential values.
Author: Lavanya Vemuri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Vehicle occupants involved in automobile side impact crashes are three times more likely to experience head injuries than occupants involved in frontal or other types of collisions. The most frequent contact source for an occupant in side impact crashes is the side window. In side impacts, failure of the side window glass affects the potential for the occupant head injury. Tempered glass in side window is easily shattered by exposing the occupant head into environment, where it can be directly impacted by the intruding or striking vehicle. In order to reduce the injury potential for occupant head in a collision, windows with laminated glass have been developed, which are gradually replacing the tempered glass. This study is mainly focused on understanding the dynamic response of the human head in side impact scenarios, when the tempered glass in the side windows is replaced with laminated glass. Quasi-static experiments are performed in this study with a free-motion headform impacting a laminated glass. The laminated glass is composed of two layers of glass separated by Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) interlayer. A Finite Element (FE) model of the laminated glass window is created and impacted with the FE headform at the same velocity as in the experiment, and the model is validated against experimental results. The properties of validated glass model are implemented into the side windows of a small car model to determine the performance of laminated glass in a typical side impact scenario. The responses of the occupant with the tempered and laminated glazing with and without restraints are compared. Based on the performance of the laminated glazing in side impact scenario, the laminated glass has shown to reduce the possibility of failure of the glass and thus contains the occupant from ejecting with virtually no change in injury potential values.
Author: Naman Gupta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 71
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Book Description
The occupant injuries in the side impact crash and rollover are more severe than those in frontal impacts as the occupant is partially or fully ejected through the side window and comes in contact with foreign objects such as poles, trees, other vehicles, etc. Since ejections are mainly caused by failure of side window glass conventionally made of tempered glass, the vehicle side window glass is increasingly being replaced with laminated glazing by the automotive industry. Laminated glass does not break upon impact and helps in keeping the occupant from ejecting out of the car in side impact or rollover. In this research, the impact injury potential to the human head is studied and quantified for both tempered glass and laminated glass windows. First, the finite element (FE) models of tempered glass and laminated glass are developed in Hypermesh. These FE models are quasi-statically tested with a hybrid III dummy free-motion head-form (FMH). Force versus displacement graphs are plotted and validated with the results obtained from a physical static experiment. A series of impact test simulations are conducted on both tempered and laminated glass with the H-III FMH at varying impact speeds. Acceleration and the head injury criteria (HIC) values are determined for each impact test simulation. The simulations clearly indicate that the tempered glass fails upon impact and the FMH ejects; however the laminated glass does not break and contains the FMH. A second series of impact test simulations involve a FE model of a rigid pole placed behind the two glass types to study the secondary head impacts. The results show that the tempered glass breaks and allows head to strike the pole with high head injury potential, whereas the laminated glass contains the head. Based on the results, this study demonstrates the laminated glass acts as a shield between the occupant and the surrounding objects and protects the occupant from ejecting.
Author: Shuangmei Zhao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
"Head impact safety is a significant consideration in the design of passenger vehicles, so it is necessary to investigate the mechanical behavior of automotive glazing subjected to occupant head impact. Most of the previous work on laminated glass under head impact has primarily concerned the dynamic response of head rather than the laminated glazing. Any attempt to design glazing that minimizes injury to and death of occupants during a vehicle accident requires a thorough understanding of the mechanical behavior of automotive glazing subjected to head impact loads. An analytical solution based on the large-deflection plate theory is presented to characterize the dynamic response of a laminated automotive glazing subjected to simulated head impact and the results are compared with those obtained using a 3-D nonlinear finite element model"--Abstract, leaf iv.
Author: Jorge A.C. Ambrósio
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401157960
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 624
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Book Description
A systematic treatment of current crashworthiness practice in the automotive, railroad and aircraft industries. Structural, exterior and interior design, occupant biomechanics, seat and restraint systems are dealt with, taking account of statistical data, current regulations and state-of-the-art design tool capabilities. Occupant kinematics and biomechanics are reviewed, leading to a basic understanding of human tolerance to impact and of the use of anthropometric test dummies and mathematical modelling techniques. Different types of restraining systems are described in terms of impact biomechanics. The material and structural behaviour of vehicle components is discussed in relation to crash testing. A variety of commonly used techniques for simulating occupants and structures are presented, in particular the use of multibody dynamics, finite element methods and simplified macro-elements, in the context of design tools of increasing complexity, which can be used to model both vehicles and occupants. Audience: An excellent reference for researchers, engineers, students and all other professionals involved in crashworthiness work.
Author: Durga Venkata Suresh Koppisetty
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
According to the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), side-impact car accidents are the second leading cause of fatalities in the United States. Compared to all other accidents, side-impact crashes are quite dangerous to the occupants because of their limited ability to absorb the crash energy and less space for intrusion. NHTSA and IIHS have developed safety standards to prevent fatalities by conducting several experiments using anthropomorphic test dummies (ATDs). Although the regulations are based on the use of crash dummies, there might be differences between actual human crash performance and dummy crash performance. In recent years, technology has improved in such a way that crash scenarios can be modeled in various computational software, and human dynamic responses can be studied using active human body models, which are a combination of rigid bodies, finite elements, and kinematic joints, thus making them flexible to use in all crash test scenarios. In this research, nearside occupants were considered because they are more likely to be injured in a side-impact crash. Vehicle side-impact crash simulations were carried out using LS-DYNA finite element (FE) software, and the occupant response simulations were conducted with Mathematical Dynamic Models (MADYMO) software. Because the simulation of an entire FE model of a car and occupant is quite time consuming and expensive, a prescribed structural motion (PSM) technique was utilized and applied to the side-door panel with an occupant positioned in the driver seat of the car using the MADYMO code. Regular side-impact deformable barrier and pole test simulations were performed with belted and unbelted occupant models considering two different target vehicles—a mid-size sedan and a small compact car. Responses from dummy and human body models were compared in order to quantify the noticeable differences between the two performances in nearside-impact accidents.
Author: James E. Greene
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Author: James E. Greene
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Author: Dario Vangi
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0128127511
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
Vehicle Collision Dynamics provides a unified framework and timely collection of up-to-date results on front crash, side crash and car to car crashes. The book is ideal as a reference, with an approach that's simple, clear, and easy to comprehend. As the mathematical and software-based modelling and analysis of vehicle crash scenarios have not been systematically investigated, this is an ideal source for further study. Numerous academic and industry studies have analyzed vehicle safety during physical crash scenarios, thus material responses during crashes serve as one of the most important performance indices for mechanical design problems. In addition to mathematical methodologies, this book provides thorough coverage of computer simulations, software-based modeling, and an analysis of methods capable of providing more flexibility. Unifies existing and emerging concepts concerning vehicle crash dynamics Provides a series of latest results in mathematical-based modeling from front and oblique perspectives Contains almost everything needed to capture the essence of model development and analysis for vehicle crash Includes both numerical and simulation results given in each chapter Presents a comprehensive, up-to-date reference that encourages further study
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computer simulation
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
