Competition and Cooperation in the Communally Breeding Acorn Woodpecker (melanerpes Formicivorus) PDF Download
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Author: Ronald Lane Mumme
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
Author: Ronald Lane Mumme
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
Author: Walter D. Koenig
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691209626
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 458
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Book Description
Ever since the acorn woodpecker was observed and described by Spanish explorers, its behavior--particularly the unique habit of caching acorns in specialized storage trees or granaries--has impressed observers. Acorn woodpeckers are also one of the few temperate zone species in which young are reared communally in family groups. This demographic study investigates the complexities of acorn storage and group living in acorn woodpeckers at Hastings Reservation in central coastal California. It is one of the most thorough studies of any avian social system to date.
Author: Pepper Trail
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Acorn woodpecker
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
Author: Philip Norman Hooge
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Acorn woodpecker
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Author: Robert Chadwick Roberts
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Woodpeckers
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Author: Philip Norman Hooge
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wildlife conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 530
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Author: Lauren Ashley Wilkerson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Acorn woodpecker
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Natural history
Languages : en
Pages : 1140
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Author: Justyn T. Stahl
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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ABSTRACT: Cooperative breeding in birds occurs when more than two individuals provide care for a single nest. In many species, the additional adults present are offspring from a previous year who have delayed dispersal, and provision young who are non-descendant kin. Delaying dispersal and age of first breeding can influence the demography and fitness of individuals, but the fitness and demographic consequences of helping behavior are poorly understood. Using long-term data (1972-2004), I examined the demographic and fitness consequences of helping behavior in acorn woodpeckers Melanerpes formicivorus. Using a multi-state capture-mark-recapture framework, I found that the apparent survival of breeders was higher than helpers, and the survival of males was higher than females. Juveniles were much more likely to become helpers rather than breeders following fledging, and helpers were more likely to remain helpers rather than becoming a breeder. Both survival and transition rates varied annually and were positively influenced by the acorn crop. For fitness estimation, I focused only on reproductive females who were banded as juveniles. Although helpers began reproduction significantly later and lived significantly longer than breeders, there was no significant difference in lifetime reproductive success or individual fitness between the two groups. However, birds that successfully bred at age 1 without helping had a significantly higher fitness than those who helped and successfully bred at age 2 or older. My results suggest that delayed dispersal and reproduction in the acorn woodpecker lead to a loss of fitness when conditions are favorable for successful reproduction. However, if constraints in the environment prevent an individual from breeding at age 1, helping is a viable option until reproduction is possible.
