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Author: Martin J. Wainwright
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
ISBN: 1601981767
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Book Description
The formalism of probabilistic graphical models provides a unifying framework for capturing complex dependencies among random variables, and building large-scale multivariate statistical models. Graphical models have become a focus of research in many statistical, computational and mathematical fields, including bioinformatics, communication theory, statistical physics, combinatorial optimization, signal and image processing, information retrieval and statistical machine learning. Many problems that arise in specific instances-including the key problems of computing marginals and modes of probability distributions-are best studied in the general setting. Working with exponential family representations, and exploiting the conjugate duality between the cumulant function and the entropy for exponential families, Graphical Models, Exponential Families and Variational Inference develops general variational representations of the problems of computing likelihoods, marginal probabilities and most probable configurations. It describes how a wide variety of algorithms- among them sum-product, cluster variational methods, expectation-propagation, mean field methods, and max-product-can all be understood in terms of exact or approximate forms of these variational representations. The variational approach provides a complementary alternative to Markov chain Monte Carlo as a general source of approximation methods for inference in large-scale statistical models.
Author: Martin J. Wainwright
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
ISBN: 1601981767
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Book Description
The formalism of probabilistic graphical models provides a unifying framework for capturing complex dependencies among random variables, and building large-scale multivariate statistical models. Graphical models have become a focus of research in many statistical, computational and mathematical fields, including bioinformatics, communication theory, statistical physics, combinatorial optimization, signal and image processing, information retrieval and statistical machine learning. Many problems that arise in specific instances-including the key problems of computing marginals and modes of probability distributions-are best studied in the general setting. Working with exponential family representations, and exploiting the conjugate duality between the cumulant function and the entropy for exponential families, Graphical Models, Exponential Families and Variational Inference develops general variational representations of the problems of computing likelihoods, marginal probabilities and most probable configurations. It describes how a wide variety of algorithms- among them sum-product, cluster variational methods, expectation-propagation, mean field methods, and max-product-can all be understood in terms of exact or approximate forms of these variational representations. The variational approach provides a complementary alternative to Markov chain Monte Carlo as a general source of approximation methods for inference in large-scale statistical models.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309306590
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 413
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Book Description
Created in 1982 through the Small Business Innovation Development Act, the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program remains the nation's single largest innovation program for small business. The SBIR program offers competitive awards to support the development and commercialization of innovative technologies by small private-sector businesses. At the same time, the program provides government agencies with technical and scientific solutions that address their different missions. SBIR at the Department of Defense considers ways that the Department of Defense SBIR program could work better in addressing the congressional objectives for the SBIR program to stimulate technological innovation, use small businesses to meet federal research and development (R & D) needs, foster and encourage the participation of socially and economically disadvantaged small businesses, and increase the private sector commercialization of innovations derived from federal R&D. An earlier report, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program at the Department of Defense, studied how the SBIR program has stimulated technological innovation and used small businesses to meet federal research and development needs. This report builds on the previous one, with a revised survey of SBIR companies. SBIR at the Department of Defense revisits some case studies from the 2009 study and develops new ones, and interviews agency managers and other stakeholders to provide a second snapshot of the program's progress toward achieving its legislative goals.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030943792X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 435
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Book Description
The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program is one of the largest examples of U.S. public-private partnerships, and was established in 1982 to encourage small businesses to develop new processes and products and to provide quality research in support of the U.S. government's many missions. The Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program was created in 1992 by the Small Business Research and Development Enhancement Act to expand joint venture opportunities for small businesses and nonprofit research institutions by requiring small business recipients to collaborate formally with a research institution. The U.S. Congress tasked the National Research Council with undertaking a comprehensive study of how the SBIR and STTR programs have stimulated technological innovation and used small businesses to meet federal research and development needs, and with recommending further improvements to the programs. In the first round of this study, an ad hoc committee prepared a series of reports from 2004 to 2009 on the SBIR and STTR programs at the five agencies responsible for 96 percent of the programs' operations-including the Department of Energy (DoE). Building on the outcomes from the first round, this second round presents the committee's second review of the DoE SBIR program's operations. Public-private partnerships like SBIR and STTR are particularly important since today's knowledge economy is driven in large part by the nation's capacity to innovate. One of the defining features of the U.S. economy is a high level of entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurs in the United States see opportunities and are willing and able to assume risk to bring new welfare-enhancing, wealth-generating technologies to the market. Yet, although discoveries in areas such as genomics, bioinformatics, and nanotechnology present new opportunities, converting these discoveries into innovations for the market involves substantial challenges. The American capacity for innovation can be strengthened by addressing the challenges faced by entrepreneurs.
Author: Karl Wennberg
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030942732
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
The 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic have made the authorities to increasingly turn inward and use ethnocentrism, protectionism, and top-down approaches to guide policy on trade, competition, and industrial development. The continuing aftereffects of such policies range from the rise and seeming success of authoritarian states, rise of populist and protectionist trends, and evolving academic agendas inspiring the reemergence of top-down industrial policies across the world. This open access edited volume contains contributions from over 30 scholars with expertise in economics, innovation, management, and economic history. The chapters offer unique theoretical and empirical contributions discussing topics such as how industrial policies affect risk, incentives, and information for investments. They also address the policy perspectives on new technologies such as AI and its implications for market entry, the role for independent entrepreneurship in increasingly regulated markets, and whether governments should focus on market interventions or institutional capacity-building. Questioning the Entrepreneurial State initiates a much sought-after debate on the notion of an Entrepreneurial State. It discusses the dangers of top-down approaches to industrial policy, examines lessons from such approaches for future policy design, and calls attention to the progress of open and contestable markets in a sound economy and society. “Creative destruction, innovation and entrepreneurship are at the core of economic growth. The government has a clear role, to provide the basic fabric of a dynamic society, but industrial policy and state-owned companies are the boulevard of broken dreams and unrealized visions. This important message is convincingly stated in Questioning the Entrepreneurial State.” Anders Borg, former Minister of Finance, Sweden “Misreading the dynamism of American entrepreneurship, European intellectuals and policy makers have embraced a dangerous fantasy: catching up requires constructing an entrepreneurial state. This book provides a vital antidote: The entrepreneur comes first: The state may support. It cannot lead.” Amar Bhidé, Thomas Schmidheiny Professor of International Business, Tufts University “This important new book subjects the emergence of the entrepreneurial state, which reflects a shift in the locus of entrepreneurship from the individual to the public sector, to the scrutiny of rigorous analysis. The resulting concerns, flaws and biases inherent in the entrepreneurial state exposed are both alarming and sobering. The skill and scholarly craftsmanship brought to bear in this crucial analysis is evident throughout the book, along with the even, but ultimately consequential thinking of the authors. A must read for researchers and thought leaders in business and policy." David Audtretsch, Distinguished Professor, Ameritech Chair of Economic Development, Indiana University
Author: John Kuada
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137534451
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 287
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Book Description
Private Enterprise-Led Development in Sub-Saharan Africa provides a novel theoretical and conceptual model to guide research into Africa's economic development. It endorses the view that private enterprise-led growth will help reduce poverty since it strengthens individuals' capacity to care for themselves and their families.
Author: Salman, Syed Ahmed
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 583
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Book Description
Modern business's fast-paced, ever-evolving nature presents a significant challenge for entrepreneurs and business leaders. Staying abreast of emerging trends, technologies, and consumer preferences is crucial for maintaining a competitive edge. However, with the constant influx of information and the rapid pace of change, many struggle to keep up. This can lead to missed opportunities, outdated strategies, and, ultimately, stagnation or failure in the market. New Practices for Entrepreneurship Innovation offers a solution to this challenge by providing a comprehensive guide to navigating the complexities of the modern business landscape. It equips readers with the knowledge and tools they need to thrive, offering not just theoretical concepts but practical insights and real-world examples. This emphasis on practicality makes the book a valuable and applicable resource, ensuring that the audience feels that they are gaining actionable knowledge.
Author: Jay Mitra
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134864035
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 633
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Book Description
The fields of entrepreneurship, innovation and regional development are inextricably linked, with people, organisations and the environment or their location, forming the main building blocks in an integrated model of value creation. This second edition of a key textbook draws on the diversity of approaches in these areas to produce a unified understanding of this important subject and its sub-sets. The author connects theory and practice using references to academic studies as well as industry sources. The importance of technology is highlighted throughout to demonstrate the value of new technology-based ventures and the role of technology for innovation in both organisational and spatial contexts. The economic and social contexts of entrepreneurship are covered in dedicated chapters offering an appreciation of multiple perspectives on key themes of growth and development. Drawing on insights and concepts from a wide range of disciplines such as business, sociology, economics, geography and management, this unique textbook introduces entrepreneurship to students from different backgrounds and varied interests. With a range of new case studies and coverage of emerging themes such as smart cities, ecosystems, female entrepreneurship and social and human capital, this book provides an expert exposition of the elaborate empire of entrepreneurship.
Author: Khakhonova, N.N.
Publisher: MCNIP
ISBN: 5906223436
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 169
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Book Description
This collection includes materials of the international scientific conference "Formation mechanisms for the sustainable economic development of industries, facilities, businesses," held in Munich, 8-10 July 2013. The main objective of the conference - the development of the community of scholars and practitioners in the field of economics and management. The conference brought together scholars and practitioners from Russia, Belarus, Latvia, Kazakhstan. The international scientific conference was supported by the Publishing House of the International Centre of research projects, editors of peer-reviewed scientific journals "Modern control technology", "Regional Economics and Management: Electronic scientific journal", "Economic growth and development», «Social & economic innovations».
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309373557
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 141
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Book Description
The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs provide federal research and development funding to small businesses. One of the the goals of these programs is to foster and encourage participation by minority and disadvantaged persons in technological innovation. Innovation, Diversity, and Success in the SBIR/STTR Programs is the summary of a workshop convened in February 2013 that focused on the participation of women, minorities, and both older and younger scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs in the SBIR and STTR programs, with the goal of reviewing current efforts to expand the pool of SBIR/STTR-funded researchers and of identifying mechanisms for improving participation rates. This report is a record of the presentation and discussions of the event.
Author: David B. Audretsch
Publisher: Oxford Handbooks
ISBN: 0199993300
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 529
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Book Description
"An analysis of what influences and shapes local competitiveness and what places can do to enhance their economic performance"--
