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Author: Shady Mounir Shazbak
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
This thesis presents a comparison of static and dynamic traffic assignment models describing the different considerations in both approaches and the impact of different assumptions that are adopted on simulation results. The comparison uses the Greater Beirut Area road network as a platform for analysis. Different traffic management schemes were simulated in both static (EMME/2) and dynamic (DYNASMART) models and their air qualtiy implications were estimated. Implications of the traffic modeling assumptions on the total emissions are also presented in this thesis.
Author: Shady Mounir Shazbak
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
This thesis presents a comparison of static and dynamic traffic assignment models describing the different considerations in both approaches and the impact of different assumptions that are adopted on simulation results. The comparison uses the Greater Beirut Area road network as a platform for analysis. Different traffic management schemes were simulated in both static (EMME/2) and dynamic (DYNASMART) models and their air qualtiy implications were estimated. Implications of the traffic modeling assumptions on the total emissions are also presented in this thesis.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air quality management
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
Author: Rohan Jayesh Shah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
Transportation planning and urban development in the United States have synchronously emerged over the past few decades to encompass goals associated with sustainability, improved connectivity, complete streets and mitigation of environmental impacts. These goals have evolved in tandem with some of the relatively more traditional objectives of supply-side improvements such as infrastructure and capacity expansion. Apart from the numerous federal regulations in the US transportation sector that reassert sustainability motivations, metropolitan planning organizations and civic societies face similar concerns in their decision-making and policy implementation. However, overall transportation planning to incorporate these wide-ranging objectives requires characterization of large-scale transportation systems and traffic flow through them, which is dynamic in nature, computationally intense and a non-trivial problem. Thus, these contemporary questions lie at the interface of transportation planning, urban development and sustainability planning. They have the potential of being effectively addressed through state-of-the-art transportation modeling tools, which is the main motivation and philosophy of this thesis. From the research standpoint, some of these issues have been addressed in the past typically from the urban design, built-environment, public health and vehicle technology and mostly qualitative perspectives, but not as much from the traffic engineering and transportation systems perspective---a gap in literature which the thesis aims to fill. Specifically, it makes use of simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) to develop modeling paradigms and integrated frameworks to seamlessly incorporate these in the transportation planning process. In addition to just incorporating them in the planning process, DTA-based paradigms are able to accommodate numerous spatial and temporal dynamics associated with system traffic, which more traditional static models are not able to. Besides, these features are critical in the context of the planning questions of this study. Specifically, systemic impacts of suburban and urban street pattern developments typically found in US cities in past decades of the 20th century have been investigated. While street connectivity and design evolution is mostly regulated through local codes and subdivision ordinances, its impacts on traffic and system congestion requires modeling and quantitative evidence which are explored in this thesis. On the environmental impact mitigation side, regional emission inventories from the traffic sector have also been quantified. Novel modeling approaches for the street connectivity-accessibility problem are proposed. An integrated framework using the Environmental Protection Agency's regulatory MOVES model has been developed, combining it with mesoscopic-level DTA simulation. Model demonstrations and applications on real and large-sized study areas reveal that different levels of connectivity and accessibility have substantial impacts on system-wide traffic---as connectivity levels reduce, traffic and congestion metrics show a gradually increasing trend. As regards emissions, incorporation of dynamic features leads to more realistic emissions inventory generation compared to default databases and modules, owing to consideration of the added dynamic features of system traffic and region-specific conditions. Inter-dependencies among these sustainability planning questions through the common linkage of traffic dynamics are also highlighted. In summary, the modeling frameworks, analyses and findings in the thesis contribute to some ongoing debates in planning studies and practice regarding ideal urban designs, provisions of sustainability and complete streets. Furthermore, the integrated emissions modeling framework, in addition to sustainability-related contributions, provides important tools to aid MPOs and state agencies in preparation of state implementation plans for demonstrating conformity to national ambient air-quality standards in their regions and counties. This is a critical condition for them to receive federal transportation funding.
Author: Gunwoo Lee
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267079824
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
Due to environmental concerns, transportation studies have extensively evaluated emission impacts associated with traffic operational strategies and transportation policies. However, the impact studies mainly relied on emission impacts found using demand forecasting models. Such planning models cannot capture individual vehicles. interactions (i.e., lane changes or stop-and-go movements) or detailed traffic operations such as with traffic signals. These limitations often lead to under-estimated emissions while evaluating several policies. Even though many studies utilized microscopic traffic models to better estimate emissions, the studies have not considered further steps such as air quality estimation and health impact studies. This research develops an integrated framework for evaluating air quality and health impacts of transportation corridors using a microscopic traffic model, a micro-scale emissions model, a non-steady state dispersion model, and a health impact model. The main advantage of this approach is to better estimate air quality and health impacts from vehicle interactions and detailed traffic management strategies. As a case study, we evaluate air quality and health impacts of several scenarios associated with major transportation corridors accessing the San Pedro Bay Ports (SPBP) complex, California. The study context consists of two 20 miles-long major freight freeway corridors and nearby arterials, as well as line-haul rail along the Alameda corridor and several rail yards associated with the SPBP complex. For the scenarios, we consider a clean truck program, cleaner locomotives, and modal shifts compared to the 2005 baseline. All scenarios performed with the integrated framework have provided larger improvements of air quality and health impacts associated with transportation corridors than conventional frameworks using transportation planning models. However, the difference in air quality and health impacts from modal shift scenarios between clean trucks and locomotives are minor. As exploratory research, pollution response surface models are developed. The main objective of the pollution response surface model is to avoid the high computational cost of the microscopic traffic model, which makes it difficult to estimate traffic for multiple days needed for evaluating emissions and health impacts over longer periods such a climate season. A conceptual framework for estimating pollution response surface models is proposed. Using a hypothetical network, response surfaces of NOX and PM are estimated.
Author: Nathan H. Gartner
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642796419
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
The problems of urban traffic in the industrially developed countries have been at the top of the priority list for a long time. While making a critical contribution to the economic well being of those countries, transportation systems in general and highway traffic in particular, also have detrimental effects which are evident in excessive congestion, high rates of accidents and severe pollution problems. Scientists from different disciplines have played an important role in the development and refinement of the tools needed for the planning, analysis, and control of urban traffic networks. In the past several years, there were particularly rapid advances in two areas that affect urban traffic: 1. Modeling of traffic flows in urban networks and the prediction of the resulting equilibrium conditions; 2. Technology for communication with the driver and the ability to guide him, by providing him with useful, relevant and updated information, to his desired destination.
Author: Nikolaos Tsanakas
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9176850927
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 131
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Book Description
Traffic congestion increases travel times, but also results in higher energy usage and vehicular emissions. To evaluate the impact of traffic emissions on environment and human health, the accurate estimation of their rates and location is required. Traffic emission models can be used for estimating emissions, providing emission factors in grams per vehicle and kilometre. Emission factors are defined for specific traffic situations, and traffic data is necessary in order to determine these traffic situations along a traffic network. The required traffic data, which consists of average speed and flow, can be obtained either from traffic models or sensor measurements. In large urban areas, the collection of cross-sectional data from stationary sensors is a costefficient method of deriving traffic data for emission modelling. However, the traditional approaches of extrapolating this data in time and space may not accurately capture the variations of the traffic variables when congestion is high, affecting the emission estimation. Static transportation planning models, commonly used for the evaluation of infrastructure investments and policy changes, constitute an alternative efficient method of estimating the traffic data. Nevertheless, their static nature may result in an inaccurate estimation of dynamic traffic variables, such as the location of congestion, having a direct impact on emission estimation. Congestion is strongly correlated with increased emission rates, and since emissions have location specific effects, the location of congestion becomes a crucial aspect. Therefore, the derivation of traffic data for emission modelling usually relies on the simplified, traditional approaches. The aim of this thesis is to identify, quantify and finally reduce the potential errors that these traditional approaches introduce in an emission estimation analysis. According to our main findings, traditional approaches may be sufficient for analysing pollutants with global effects such as CO2, or for large-scale emission modelling applications such as emission inventories. However, for more temporally and spatially sensitive applications, such as dispersion and exposure modelling, a more detailed approach is needed. In case of cross-sectional measurements, we suggest and evaluate the use of a more detailed, but computationally more expensive, data extrapolation approach. Additionally, considering the inabilities of static models, we propose and evaluate the post-processing of their results, by applying quasi-dynamic network loading.
Author: Aaron Gene Grilliot
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Author: Antonella Ferrara
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319759612
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
This monograph provides an extended overview of modelling and control approaches for freeway traffic systems, moving from the early methods to the most recent scientific results and field implementations. The concepts of green traffic systems and smart mobility are addressed in the book, since a modern freeway traffic management system should be designed to be sustainable. Future perspectives on freeway traffic control are also analysed and discussed with reference to the most recent technological advancements The most widespread modelling and control techniques for freeway traffic systems are treated with mathematical rigour, but also discussed with reference to their performance assessment and to the expected impact of their practical usage in real traffic systems. In order to make the book accessible to readers of different backgrounds, some fundamental aspects of traffic theory as well as some basic control concepts, useful for better understanding the addressed topics, are provided in the book. This monograph can be used as a textbook for courses on transport engineering, traffic management and control. It is also addressed to experts working in traffic monitoring and control areas and to researchers, technicians and practitioners of both transportation and control engineering. The authors’ systematic vision of traffic modelling and control methods developed over decades makes the book a valuable survey resource for freeway traffic managers, freeway stakeholders and transportation public authorities with professional interests in freeway traffic systems. Advances in Industrial Control reports and encourages the transfer of technology in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of new work in all aspects of industrial control.
Author: California. Department of Transportation. Office of Computer Systems
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author: Martin Treiber
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642324592
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 505
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Book Description
This textbook provides a comprehensive and instructive coverage of vehicular traffic flow dynamics and modeling. It makes this fascinating interdisciplinary topic, which to date was only documented in parts by specialized monographs, accessible to a broad readership. Numerous figures and problems with solutions help the reader to quickly understand and practice the presented concepts. This book is targeted at students of physics and traffic engineering and, more generally, also at students and professionals in computer science, mathematics, and interdisciplinary topics. It also offers material for project work in programming and simulation at college and university level. The main part, after presenting different categories of traffic data, is devoted to a mathematical description of the dynamics of traffic flow, covering macroscopic models which describe traffic in terms of density, as well as microscopic many-particle models in which each particle corresponds to a vehicle and its driver. Focus chapters on traffic instabilities and model calibration/validation present these topics in a novel and systematic way. Finally, the theoretical framework is shown at work in selected applications such as traffic-state and travel-time estimation, intelligent transportation systems, traffic operations management, and a detailed physics-based model for fuel consumption and emissions.
