Community Water Supply and Excreta Disposal Situation in the Developing Countries PDF Download
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Author: Charles S. Pineo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Author: Charles S. Pineo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Christine van Wijk-Sijbesma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Developing countries
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
Author: Robert J. Saunders
Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
The great majority of persons in rural areas of the developing world do not have access to a safe and convenient source of water, and where this is available, acceptable sewage disposal facilities are normally lacking. The authors examine a wide range of factors - physical, social, and economic - that are involved in improving the adequacy of water supply and sanitation in the coming years. Among the principal topics covered in detail are: (a) the character and extent of the problems connected with water supply and sanitation; (b) the goal of improved health, with specific reference to the relation between water supply and water-borne disease, on the one hand, and social and economic activity, on the other; (c) the effects of improved water supply and sanitation on productivity, incomes, rural-to-urban migration, and overall development; (d) problems of, and strategies for, program planning and administration; (e) the special problems of operation and maintenance; and (f) the importance of recovering program costs from beneficiaries. The book also contains a summary of findings of the study and lists a number of recommendations for improving rural water supply and sanitation.
Author: World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
Author: George Willard Reid
Publisher: Ann Arbor Science Publishers
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economic assistance, American
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author: David Howell Jones
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780821302767
Category : Sanitary engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
Author: John Briscoe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
Efforts to improve the water supplies used by people in rural areas of developing countries have run into serious obstacles: not only are public funds not available to build facilities for all, but many newly constructed facilities have fallen into disrepair and disuse. Along with the numerous failures there are also successes in this sector. From these successes a new view has begun to emerge of what the guiding principles of rural water supply strategies should be. This book brings together and spells out the constituents of this emerging view. The central message is that it is the local people themselves, not those trying to help them, who have the most important role to play. The community itself must be the primary decisionmaker, the primary investor, the primary organizer, and the primary overseer. The authors examine the implications of this primary principle for the main policy issues - the level of service to be provided in different settings, the level and mechanisms for cost recovery, the roles for the private and public sectors, and the role of women. The potential advantages of proceeding from this outlook, instead of the older top-down approaches, are considerable. Improvement efforts are more likely to meet felt needs, new facilities are more likely to be kept in service, and more communities are more likely to get safe water sooner.
Author: Zaini Ujang
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1843390302
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Municipal Wastewater Management in Developing Countries discusses various approaches to municipal wastewater management in order to protect both public health and the environment, with the major focus being on waterborne diseases. Developing countries can be divided into two main categories, i.e. countries in transition with higher growth rates where industrialisation and urbanisation are taking place rapidly, and countries with slower growth rates. It is important, therefore, that approaches should be tailor-made and site-specific. In general, the major trends of water pollution control have significantly contributed to the development of ?conventional sanitation? approaches in terms of legal and financial frameworks, as well as technological enhancement. Despite advances in the science, engineering and legal frameworks, 95 per cent of the wastewater in the world is released into the environment without treatment. Only five per cent of global wastewater is properly treated using the ?standard? sanitation facilities, mainly in developed countries. As a result, the majority of the world?s population is still exposed to waterborne diseases, and the quality of water resources has been rapidly degraded, particularly in poor developing countries. The challenge now is to provide the world?s population, especially the poor, with adequate water and sanitation facilities. Despite billions of dollars of investment spent every year, billions of poor people are still suffering and dying because of poor sanitation. At the beginning of this century, about 1.1 billion people lived without access to clean water (compared to about the same number in 1990), 2.4 billion without appropriate sanitation (compared to 2.3 billion in 1990) and four billion without sound wastewater disposal. The future scenario, that water resources will be further depleted by a growing world population, will be coupled with environmental degradation due to poor pollution control, particularly in most of the developing countries. In order to address the issue of water and wastewater management in developing countries it is necessary to take into consideration the segments of the society itself, particularly the types of housing areas. The segments will indicate the level of socio-economic, mentality and knowledge, which is important for any planned changes in their life style and social engineering. It is also important to segregate the funding framework of any proposed projects. High-income urban communities, for instance, are generally willing to pay for sewerage services and higher water supply tariffs, therefore a designated system can be accordingly provided. Over the past 10 years, serious criticism has been given to the ?conventional sanitation? approach, consequently many definitions, concepts and characteristics have been proposed on ?sustainable sanitation?. Sustainable sanitation is a relevant concept in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015 of providing water supply and adequate sanitation for developing countries. Sustainable sanitation is flexible in approach any community ? poor or rich, urban or rural, water-rich or water-poor country ? and requires lower investment costs compared to conventional sanitation approaches. It is also important to note that the framework of sustainable sanitation is much easier to adopt in developing countries where water supply and sanitation infrastructures are still in the developing stages. In some developing countries, no public facilities are available therefore it is an ideal condition to start a new infrastructure with a new framework. This comprehensive reference, prepared by leading international authorities, will provide an invaluable reference for all those concerned with the management of sanitation services in developing countries worldwide.
