Author: Mohamed Nabil Gamie
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3640947916
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 53

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Book Description
Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2011 in the subject Sociology - Culture, Technology, Peoples / Nations, grade: none, University of Alexandria (College of agriculture), course: Rural sociology, language: English, abstract: The findings of a sample study of 257 villages in Egypt illustrate the salience of social and cultural variables in shaping community level of development. Existence and efficiency of organizations in Egypt ranked at the top of predictors with regard to direct causal effect on village development level. These organizations include the local governance unit, the social unit including a government directed community development association, village bank, schools, mosques and churches, agricultural cooperative, veterinary unit, youth and women associations (also governmentally directed), health units or village hospital, police unit (security organization), ... etc. A very small indirect effect is also played by these organizations through their being a small part of a complex, titled here, "social engineering, or social technology." Such complex includes, in addition to the above mentioned organizations, the degree of organizational coordination, proportion of population employed in village organizations and degree of organizational variety.

Author: Sahar Attia
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319778757
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 273

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Book Description
This book seeks to push forward the boundaries of current practices and knowledge to embrace innovative solutions, novel approaches, and grounded technologies within realistic comprehension of economic risks and environmental implications. It investigates different scales and situations, various urban forms and morphology, and various localities and totalities. The book presents a platform of recent research, findings, and answers to pressing issues of building new cities and expanding existing ones in the Middle East and Egypt, within their ecological limits, formulating images, architecture, and public spaces to create liveable, working, and productive cities. At the time of transformation, people continue to influence their habitat and beyond. While facing the compelling challenges of the present, innovative development poses itself as an inevitable response to future demands. In socio-economic disparities and environmental crises, innovation necessitates a mode of action to act responsibly in addressing issues in unconventional manners. The production of space becomes a responsibility towards the development of human resources, promoting their needs, capacities, and advancing a decent quality of life.

Author: Hala Omar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sewage
Languages : en
Pages : 516

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Book Description
Abstract: Many environmental issues are facing rural villages in Egypt. The main problems rural villages are suffering from are lack of adequate sewage system, absence of wastewater treatment plants, poor agricultural and municipal solid waste management. These problems are causing environmental, economic and social issues in rural villages. Rural communities’ residents suffer from many disease, unemployment as well as poor living conditions. It becomes imperative to find solutions to this tragic situation facing rural villages associated with dumping and burning waste. Unfortunately, not enough research is published to propose solutions to approach full utilization of all types of wastes generated in rural villages and reach sustainability. The main goal of this research work is to develop and propose a concept to help rural communities in Egypt approach full utilization of all types of wastes generated. This research work is divided into three parts as follows: (1) developing a model to help rural villages in Egypt reach full utilization of waste, (2) recycling of organic waste, (3) recycling of rejects. In the first part of this research work desk research method is used. From the data analysis it is proposed to use the concepts developed in industrial sector to reach sustainable development such as the concept of cradle-to-cradle, industrial ecology, eco-industrial park, environmental balanced industrial complex and green economy in the development of rural villages. The concept of Waste to Business Model (W2B) is developed. It consists of developing a facility in each rural village that groups simple and obtainable technologies in one area to fully utilize all types of wastes generated from the rural village and transform it into useful products. The two following parts of this research work focus on two types of wastes that cause huge problems in rural villages in Egypt which are: (1) organic waste and (2) rejects. There are several types of organic waste and this research focuses on rice straw and animal manure. It is estimated that around 2.5million tons/year of rice straw and 63milliom ton/year of animal manure are generated in Egypt. Composting process is and easy and cheap solution to recycle organic waste. However, this method is not widely practiced in developing countries because it is time consuming and the quality of product can be unstable. There have been increasing attention on improving composting process. The aim of this part is to transform rice straw into high quality soil amendments and organic fertilizer. This part is divided into two sets of experiments. The objective of the first set of experiment is to transform rice straw into soil amendment and evaluate the effect of different additives on the produced compost. In the first set of experiment rice straw is inoculated with animal manure, Chinese starter, cellulose decomposer and starter from the Egyptian Ministry of agriculture. The results of the first set of experiments revealed that the application of different additives in composting of rice straw exhibited an improvement of compost quality and results indicated that a higher decomposition rate of treatment having animal manure, compared to other treatments. Therefore, a second set of experiment has been conducted with substrate rice straw and animal manure inoculated with different types of additives (Effective – micro-organisms, biochar, Chinese starter) and mixture of natural rocks (rock phosphate, feldspar, sulfur, dolomite, bentonite) to produce organic fertilizer. The results revealed that the application of different additives in composting of rice straw exhibit an improvement in maturation time and final product quality. The highest decomposition rate and highest organic fertilizer quality was obtained in pile containing rice straw and 40% of animal manure mixed with natural rocks (2.5% of rock phosphate, 2.5% feldspar, 2.5% sulfur, 2.5% dolomite and 10% bentonite) and inoculated with 1L of activated EM and 10% biochar compared to other treatments. The pile reached maturation after around 42 days. All analysis of the properties of the final product indicated that it was in the range of the matured level and can be used without any limitation as an organic fertilizer as it has met all the requirements by the Egyptian Specifications of Organic fertilizers. The price of the produced high-quality organic fertilizer is 330LE/ton compared to chemical fertilizer market price ranging from 1,700LE/ton to 12,000LE/ton (non-subsidized price). In addition to the direct cost, the use of chemical fertilizer damages the atmosphere and the water. This damage has an unforeseen relatively high cost. Therefore, organic fertilizer produced from organic waste can substitute expensive chemical fertilizer The second major issue tackled in this research work is recycling of rejects. Rural villages in Egypt suffer from poor recycling of the huge amount of MSW. Some types of MSW can be easily recycled such as metals, glass, thermoplastics, etc., while others are perceived as difficult or impossible to recycle. These un-recyclables are usually referred to as rejects. This research focus on three types of rejects including (1) thermosets including melamine- formaldehyde (a hard thermoset) and ethylene-propylene-diene- monomer rubber (EPDM rubber an elastic thermoset), (2) multi-layer flexible packaging material, and (3) contaminated plastic bags. This part of the research work proposes two techniques to recycle rejects: (1) hot technology and (2) a cold technology. In the hot technology compression molding technique is used to produce the composite material from waste multi-layer packaging material as the matrix and melamine-formaldehyde as the filling material. In compression molding, the sample is subject to 50bar pressure and heat for 30min. A full design of experiment is conducted to study the effect of the following three factors on the property of the produced materials: (1) temperature, (2) %wt. of filling material, and (3) particle size of filling material. For higher accuracy samples are produced at random order using Design Expert software. The experimental results indicate that the highest mechanical properties are obtained in samples produced using molding temperature of 145°C, melamine-formaldehyde having a particle size of sieve 20 and 30%wt. fraction of melamine-formaldehyde. The resulting product is found to be competitive to commercial MX and NX types of Light Traffic Paving units in terms of cost and mechanical performance. In fact, the cost of produced material is 1.2LE/m2 compared to 150LE/m2 for interlock market price. Also, substituting melamine-formaldehyde with other filling material like EPDM rubber waste or sand and substituting the packaging material with contaminated plastic bags waste showed to produce material slightly lower mechanical properties but can still be a competitive substitute to produce interlocks. In the second part, an innovative cold technology is proposed to produce cement bricks. This technique consists of mixing contaminated plastic bags as coarse aggregates with sand, marble powder and melamine-formaldehyde as fine aggregates with cement. The mix is then pressed using a manual pressing machine without applying heat for few minutes to take the shape of the mold. Then the brick is left to cure at ambient conditions and water is added every day. The experimental results indicated that the highest properties are obtained after 28days of curing in the mix made of 25%cement, 30% contaminated plastic bags, 15% sand, 15% marble powder, 15% melamine-formaldehyde. The resulting product is found to be competitive to the commercial non-load bearing masonry brick in terms of mechanical performance and cost. In fact, the cost of produced material is 0.6LE/brick compared to 0.9 LE/brick for cement bricks. The results of the research work indicate that applying the concept of W2B model in rural villages will help these communities produce useful good that can substitute the use of imported expensive products. Also, it will lead to creation of new job opportunities, conservation of natural resources, and reduction of environmental and health problems related to poor waste management..

Author:
Publisher: GEF Evaluation Office
ISBN: 1933992239
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 176

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Book Description

Author: Paola de Salvo
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1839686170
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 124

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Book Description
The book brings together a series of contributions with a common goal of reflecting the links between economic development and rural development. The scenario is dotted not only with old and new wounds but also with innovative strategies in an attempt to overcome existing delays. The chapters of the book are composed of scenarios full of case studies. The plans to be adopted to help the countries that have lagged behind fueled an intense debate since the obstacles to development, as evidenced by the extensive scientific literature available, now appeared to be the realities present in the socio-economic structures of a large number of villages. Although the data available are still few, it is assumed that the Covid-19 pandemic will make a landscape already full of criticalities even more fragile.

Author: Michel Petit
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331917813X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 334

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Book Description
This book provides an up-to-date assessment of sustainable agri-food systems and rural development in the Mediterranean countries. It examines and reviews the impact of EU and national policies on environmental and trade issues in agricultural and rural organizations in the southern and eastern Mediterranean region. The book also reflects key socio-economic and political issues such as resource management, income distribution, employment and migration trends, and sustainability aspects. It demonstrates technical and methodological tools used for the analysis and explains their application. The book presents the collective work of a research consortium funded by an EU (FP7) project.

Author: Ramesh Chandra Das
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN: 1801178720
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 275

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Book Description
Globalization, Income Distribution and Sustainable Development: A theoretical and empirical investigation focuses on the impact of globalization on income distribution in a wider perspective and exploring the impact of globalization on sustainable development in a range of countries across the globe.

Author: Department of Economic & Social Affairs
Publisher: United Nations Publications
ISBN: 9789211045871
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 295

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Book Description
This book presents an overview of the key debates that took place during the Economic and Social Council meetings at the 2007 High-level Segment, at which ECOSOC organized its first biennial Development Cooperation Forum. The discussions also revolved around the theme of the second Annual Ministerial Review, "Implementing the internationally agreed goals and commitments in regard to sustainable development."--P. 4 of cover.

Author: Salaheldin Mahmoud El-Zoghby
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Community development
Languages : en
Pages : 380

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Book Description

Author:
Publisher: JEC PUBLICATION
ISBN: 9361754548
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 140

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Book Description
Thank you to the participants “Co- Author’s “ for accepting the invitation to participate in this important BOOK NAME “ sustainable development” COMPILED BY Dr. mervat massoud Gaballah Aly kATOUSH and that important and indispensable issue in our current time. The green economy and sustainable development have become a key element in raising individuals’ awareness of sustainable development and achieving a sustainable future. Sustainable.And I thinking that its means that individuals are able to have the necessary skills to provide creative solutions to environmental problems in order to preserve them. ccording to the importance of the book Sustainable Development, “Sustainable development is the ability to ensure the satisfaction of the needs of the present without sacrificing the needs of future generations. Sustainable development also focuses on the two concepts of needs and the specifics of the basic needs of the world’s poor, according to the Third Millennium Declaration - which defines the parameters of (60) goals of For peace, development, the environment, human rights, and vulnerability, it is based on a core set of values that are articulated as follows. We take into account the core values to be fundamental in international relations during the 21st century, which included 1- Freedom: for men and women without discrimination 2- Equality: a right for all individuals in society 3- Solidarity: Global challenges should be dealt with in a way that includes equitable distribution of resources 4- Tolerance: Individuals should be respected and a culture of peace should be promoted 5- Shared responsibility: Protecting society from all threats facing international peace and security is a shared responsibility among nations in the world. My wishes: to All the Readers: An Enjoyable Reading.