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Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerospace industries
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerospace industries
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerospace industries
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. Senate
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Satellite insurance
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Author: Tim Brennan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Using rockets to launch communications satellites and other spacecraft poses risks to the uninvolved public, including persons and property under the flight path of the launch vehicle. The federal government plays a pivotal technical role during the actual launch by carrying out certain risk-related procedures, thus causing third-party risk to be jointly produced by the company and the government. In addition, under the Commercial Space Launch Act, the government partially indemnifies commercial launch companies for third-party damages. We compare the indemnification policy to optimal liability rules under public-private co-production of risk. Under modest assumptions, shared liability created by the indemnification rules decreases the incentive of both parties to take care relative to the optimum. If care were observable, it would be preferable for the government to fully indemnify companies that take due care. The role of the government as an agent for third parties may qualify these findings.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Artificial satellites
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Author: United States Government Accountability Office
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781482052442
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
GAO's work to date work indicates the United States provides less indemnification for third party losses than China, France, and Russia, according to studies. These countries put no limit on the amount of government indemnification coverage currently available through the Commercial Space Launch Act Amendments of 1988 (CSLA) which is about $2.7 billion per launch. These commitments to pay have never been tested because there has never been a third party claim that exceeded the launch company's insurance and thus reached the level of government indemnification. The potential cost to the federal government of indemnification for third party losses is currently unclear. This is because it depends in part on the method used by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to calculate the amount of insurance that launch companies must purchase, which may not be sound. FAA has used the same method since 1988 and has not updated crucial components, such as the cost of a casualty. Estimating probable losses from a rare catastrophic event is difficult, and insurance industry officials and risk modeling experts said that FAA's method is outdated. FAA, however, has not had outside experts or risk modelers review its appropriateness. An inaccurate calculation that understates the amount of insurance a launch provider must obtain would increase the likelihood of costs to the federal government, whereas a calculation that overstates the amount of insurance would decrease the likelihood of federal costs. FAA officials said that their method was reasonable and conservative, but they agreed that a review could be beneficial and that involvement of outside experts might be helpful for improving their methodology. Overall, they said use of more sophisticated methodologies would have to be balanced with the additional costs to both FAA and the launch companies that would result from requiring and analyzing additional data. The insurance market is generally willing and able to provide up to $500 million per launch as coverage for third party liability, according to industry representatives GAO contacted. Because the amount of insurance FAA requires launch providers to obtain averages about $99 million per launch, and coverage available through CSLA is about $2.7 billion above that, insurers could provide some of the coverage currently available through CSLA. However, the amount and price of insurance that could be provided could change quickly if a large loss were to occur, according to insurance industry representatives. The actual effects on competition of eliminating CSLA indemnification are currently unknown. However, launch companies and customers GAO contacted believe that ending federal indemnification could lead to higher launch prices for U.S. launch companies, making them less competitive than foreign launch companies. Although the cost of third party liability insurance coverage for launch companies has been about 1 percent the dollar amount of coverage they purchased, how much this cost might increase in the absence of federal coverage is not clear. Launch customers said that price and vehicle reliability were key factors in their choice of a launch company. Launch companies reported that additional costs would be passed along to customers, but whether this increase alone would be sufficient reason for a launch customer to choose a foreign launch company over a U.S. company is also not clear.
Author: Gerald L. Dillingham
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437926428
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Launch vehicles (Astronautics)
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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