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Author: Tatjana Aue
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128166614
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
Cognitive Biases in Health and Psychiatric Disorders: Neurophysiological Foundations focuses on the neurophysiological basis of biases in attention, interpretation, expectancy and memory. Each chapter includes a review of each specific bias, including both positive and negative information in both healthy individuals and psychiatric populations. This book provides readers with major theories, methods used in investigating biases, brain regions associated with the related bias, and autonomic responses to specific biases. Its end goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the neural, autonomic and cognitive mechanisms related to processing biases. - Outlines neurophysiological research on diverse types of information processing bias, including attention bias, expectancy bias, interpretation bias, and memory bias - Discusses both normal and pathological forms of each cognitive biases - Provides specific examples on how to translate research on cognitive biases to clinical applications
Author: Tatjana Aue
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128166614
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 308
Get Book Here
Book Description
Cognitive Biases in Health and Psychiatric Disorders: Neurophysiological Foundations focuses on the neurophysiological basis of biases in attention, interpretation, expectancy and memory. Each chapter includes a review of each specific bias, including both positive and negative information in both healthy individuals and psychiatric populations. This book provides readers with major theories, methods used in investigating biases, brain regions associated with the related bias, and autonomic responses to specific biases. Its end goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the neural, autonomic and cognitive mechanisms related to processing biases. - Outlines neurophysiological research on diverse types of information processing bias, including attention bias, expectancy bias, interpretation bias, and memory bias - Discusses both normal and pathological forms of each cognitive biases - Provides specific examples on how to translate research on cognitive biases to clinical applications
Author: Geoffrey Ellis
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319958313
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 185
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Book Description
This book brings together the latest research in this new and exciting area of visualization, looking at classifying and modelling cognitive biases, together with user studies which reveal their undesirable impact on human judgement, and demonstrating how visual analytic techniques can provide effective support for mitigating key biases. A comprehensive coverage of this very relevant topic is provided though this collection of extended papers from the successful DECISIVe workshop at IEEE VIS, together with an introduction to cognitive biases and an invited chapter from a leading expert in intelligence analysis. Cognitive Biases in Visualizations will be of interest to a wide audience from those studying cognitive biases to visualization designers and practitioners. It offers a choice of research frameworks, help with the design of user studies, and proposals for the effective measurement of biases. The impact of human visualization literacy, competence and human cognition on cognitive biases are also examined, as well as the notion of system-induced biases. The well referenced chapters provide an excellent starting point for gaining an awareness of the detrimental effect that some cognitive biases can have on users’ decision-making. Human behavior is complex and we are only just starting to unravel the processes involved and investigate ways in which the computer can assist, however the final section supports the prospect that visual analytics, in particular, can counter some of the more common cognitive errors, which have been proven to be so costly.
Author: Juárez Ramos, Verónica
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1522529799
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
Decision making or making judgments is an essential function in the ordinary life of any individual. Decisions can often be made easily, but sometimes, it can be difficult due to conflict, uncertainty, or ambiguity of the variables required to make the decision. As human beings, we constantly have to decide between different activities such as occupational, recreational, political, economic, etc. These decisions can be transcendental or inconsequential. Analyzing the Role of Cognitive Biases in the Decision-Making Process presents comprehensive research focusing on cognitive shortcuts in the decision-making process. While highlighting topics including jumping to conclusion bias, personality traits, and theoretical models, this book is ideally designed for mental health professionals, psychologists, sociologists, managers, academicians, researchers, and upper-level students seeking current research on cognitive biases that affect individual decision making in daily life.
Author: E. Scott Fruehwald
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781546902683
Category : Cognition
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Book Description
Comedian Bill Maher recently declared, "Apple, Google, Facebook, they are essentially drug dealers." Similarly, 60 Minutes had a segment on "brain hacking." What were Maher and 60 Minutes talking about? Brain biases that clog up our thinking and allow us to be manipulated by others. The human thinking process is imperfect. The brain evolved. Parts of our brains today are remnants of the brains our early ancestors had, brains which had developed to survive under very different conditions from today. These remnants produce cognitive biases-ways of thinking that are different from reality. Individuals need to overcome their cognitive biases in order to think more clearly and avoid being manipulated by others. I have written this book for anyone who wants to understand cognitive biases and begin to overcome them. First, I give you the big picture. I discuss the basics of cognitive biases and the dangers of biased thinking. Then, I ask you to look at your inner self through a series of questions and exercises. Next, I deal with specific cognitive biases, such as optimism biases, negativity biases, biases concerning others, and behavioral economic biases, and I help you deal with these biases through a series of exercises. Then, I ask you to apply what you have learned in more complicated exercises. Finally, the Epilogue shows you how Uber is using brain biases to control their drivers and how smartphone and social media are employing these biases to get you to stay on-line longer.
Author: Henry Priest
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN: 9781078432313
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 173
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Book Description
Powerful Hidden Forces (Biases) Impair Our Decisions. Here is a Comprehensive Collection Biases to Help You Understand How They Work and How to Overcome Them Are you a manager in the financial services sector, and wish to avoid a situation like the recent financial crisis? Do you know that all of us have mental blind spots which prevent us from being rational? If you have seen or read about the recent financial crisis that straddled across the globe and brought down some of the oldest and most venerated financial institutions in the world, then you need this book! In this book, I share authentic research findings on cognitive biases and how they impact our judgment. These are powerful biases that you must avoid in order to succeed. Improve Your Judgment by Knowing How Biases Work This book is a comprehensive guide on cognitive biases, with inputs from real academic research with full references. If you are a financial sector executive and want to learn how to improve decisions, then this book is for you. In this book you will: * Identify the most powerful cognitive biases that impair business and financial decisions * Understand how cognitive biases work * Learn techniques to overcome them Here are the answers to some questions you might have about this book: Q: What is this book about? A: This book is a guide on how to identify cognitive biases. In this book, you learn about powerful biases which afflict the world of business and banking. Understanding how biases work (Bias-in-Action) can help avoid these biases, and at times even use the presence of biases in our competitors to our advantage. Q: What kind of techniques will I get to learn in this book? A: This is a comprehensive collection of all empirically proven cognitive biases that impair our decisions. In this book, I bring out the most powerful cognitive biases that impair judgment. You will also get to learn about more biases that impair decisions in business and banking. Q: Do I need to have prior qualifications before I read this book? A: The only thing that is required is your keenness to learn. Some experience in the financial sector or knowledge of basic economics can make the grasping faster, but it is not a prerequisite. Every day that you delay is another day that you stagnate in your growth as a manager-leader. Take action now and buy this book by clicking the 'Buy now with 1-click' button
Author: Dominic D. P. Johnson
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691210608
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
"A very timely book."—Anne-Marie Slaughter, CEO of New America How cognitive biases can guide good decision making in politics and international relations A widespread assumption in political science and international relations is that cognitive biases—quirks of the brain we all share as human beings—are detrimental and responsible for policy failures, disasters, and wars. In Strategic Instincts, Dominic Johnson challenges this assumption, explaining that these nonrational behaviors can actually support favorable results in international politics and contribute to political and strategic success. By studying past examples, he considers the ways that cognitive biases act as “strategic instincts,” lending a competitive edge in policy decisions, especially under conditions of unpredictability and imperfect information. Drawing from evolutionary theory and behavioral sciences, Johnson looks at three influential cognitive biases—overconfidence, the fundamental attribution error, and in-group/out-group bias. He then examines the advantageous as well as the detrimental effects of these biases through historical case studies of the American Revolution, the Munich Crisis, and the Pacific campaign in World War II. He acknowledges the dark side of biases—when confidence becomes hubris, when attribution errors become paranoia, and when group bias becomes prejudice. Ultimately, Johnson makes a case for a more nuanced understanding of the causes and consequences of cognitive biases and argues that in the complex world of international relations, strategic instincts can, in the right context, guide better performance. Strategic Instincts shows how an evolutionary perspective can offer the crucial next step in bringing psychological insights to bear on foundational questions in international politics.
Author: Rüdiger F Pohl
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 113584495X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 452
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Book Description
Cognitive Illusions investigates a wide range of fascinating psychological effects in the way we think, judge and remember in our everyday lives. At the beginning of each chapter, leading researchers in the field introduce the background to phenomena such as illusions of control, overconfidence and hindsight bias. This is followed by an explanation of the experimental context in which these illusions can be investigated and a theoretical discussion drawing conclusions about the wider implications of these fallacy and bias effects. Written with researchers and instructors in mind, this tightly edited, reader-friendly text provides both an overview of research in the area and many lively pedagogic features such as chapter summaries, further reading lists and suggestions for classroom demonstrations.
Author: Thomas Gilovich
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521796798
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 884
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Book Description
This book, first published in 2002, compiles psychologists' best attempts to answer important questions about intuitive judgment.
Author: Daniel Kahneman
Publisher: Little, Brown
ISBN: 031645138X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 429
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Book Description
From the Nobel Prize-winning author of Thinking, Fast and Slow and the coauthor of Nudge, a revolutionary exploration of why people make bad judgments and how to make better ones—"a tour de force” (New York Times). Imagine that two doctors in the same city give different diagnoses to identical patients—or that two judges in the same courthouse give markedly different sentences to people who have committed the same crime. Suppose that different interviewers at the same firm make different decisions about indistinguishable job applicants—or that when a company is handling customer complaints, the resolution depends on who happens to answer the phone. Now imagine that the same doctor, the same judge, the same interviewer, or the same customer service agent makes different decisions depending on whether it is morning or afternoon, or Monday rather than Wednesday. These are examples of noise: variability in judgments that should be identical. In Noise, Daniel Kahneman, Olivier Sibony, and Cass R. Sunstein show the detrimental effects of noise in many fields, including medicine, law, economic forecasting, forensic science, bail, child protection, strategy, performance reviews, and personnel selection. Wherever there is judgment, there is noise. Yet, most of the time, individuals and organizations alike are unaware of it. They neglect noise. With a few simple remedies, people can reduce both noise and bias, and so make far better decisions. Packed with original ideas, and offering the same kinds of research-based insights that made Thinking, Fast and Slow and Nudge groundbreaking New York Times bestsellers, Noise explains how and why humans are so susceptible to noise in judgment—and what we can do about it.
Author: Martha Whitesmith
Publisher: Edinburgh University Press
ISBN: 1474466362
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
This book critiques the reliance of Western intelligence agencies on the use of a method for intelligence analysis developed by the CIA in the 1990s, the Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH).
