Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation: Assessment of Hydroaromatic Content and Hydrogen Donor Ability of Coal Liquefaction Intermediates by Means of Catalytic Dehydrogenation PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 782
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Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Deactivation of the second-stage supported catalyst dominated most of the properties over the course of the run. Consequences of increased catalyst age were increases in aromaticity and phenolic -OH concentration and decreases in hydrogen donor content and paraffinic hydrogen content in most process streams, including product distillates. Donor solvent quality of the whole PFL increased through the early part of the run until Period 8 when it apparently stabilized. The properties of the net product oil and its distillate fractions, as determined by NIPER, show that the coal-derived material has some desirable qualities. The whole crude has a low sulfur content and boils below the maximum temperature allowed for the production of transportation fuels. The naphtha fraction (IBP-380°F) is highly naphthenic and has a low benzene content. The naphtha fraction appears to be amenable to mild hydrotreating to produce a good gasoline blendstock. The kerosene (380--510°F) fraction is much too cyclic for use as aviation fuel and it is recommended that this fraction be distributed into the two cuts on either end of it (diesel and gasoline feedstocks). The 510--680°F fraction met most specifications as a heating fuel and diesel fuel. It appears that this material, after moderate hydroprocessing, could make a good diesel blendstock. Both the FIMS and CP/MAS 13C-NMR methods, currently being used to analyze the suite of twelve samples from HRI Run CC-15, are expected to provide chemical/molecular information to augment and extend the information provided by the base analyses. Preliminary information is encouraging.
Author: Energy Library
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Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 612
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Languages : en
Pages : 103
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This is the third Quarterly Technical Progress Report under DOE Contract DE-AC22-89PC89883. Three major topics are reported: (1) Feed coals and process oils form Wilsonville Run 259 were analyzed to provide information on process performance. Run 259 was operated in the catalytic/catalytic Close-Coupled Integrated Two-Stage Liquefaction (CC-ITSL) mode with ash recycle. Feed coals were conventionally cleaned and deep cleaned coal from the Ireland Mine (Pittsburgh seam). The catalyst used in both reactors was Shell 324 for most of the run; Amocat IC was used for start-up and (unstable) period A. (2) A special set of samples from Wilsonville Runs 258 and 259 was analyzed to provide clues for the cause of interstage deposition problems during Run 258, which was operated with subbituminous coal. (3) Eight technical sites were visited to provide input to the Analytical Needs Assessment and to refine ideas for proposed research under the Participants Program. The site visits are summarized. 11 refs., 18 figs., 27 tabs.
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Languages : en
Pages : 131
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This study evaluated the use of a novel laboratory-scale batch reactor, designed by the University of Delaware, to study the kinetics of coal liquefaction resid reactivity. The short time batch reactor (STBR) is capable of conducting reactions at temperatures up to 450°C and pressures up to 2500 psi at well-defined reaction times from a few seconds to 30 min or longer. Sixty experiments were conducted with the STBR in this project. The products of the resid/tetralin/hydrogen reaction were separated by solubility, and several analytical procedures were used to evaluate the reaction products, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Changes were monitored in the boiling ranges of the products, as a function of process conditions (time, temperature, and tetralin donor solvent-to-resid ratio), with and without catalysts. Two distillation resid samples were studied; Sample 1 is the resid of the second stage product stream from Wilsonville Run 259 which used Pittsburgh seam coal (Ireland mine) bituminous coal, and Sample 2 is the resid of the same streak from Wilsonville Run 260 which used Wyodak and Anderson (Black Thunder Mine) subbituminous coal. It was determined that the resid reactivity was different for the two samples studied. The results demonstrate that further development of this experimental method is warranted to empirically assess resid reactivity and to provide data for use in the construction of an empirical model of coal conversion in the direct liquefaction process.
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Languages : en
Pages : 74
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This is the Sixteenth Quarterly Technical Progress Report under DOE Contract DE-AC22-89PC89883. Major topics reported are: Fifty-eight process samples from HRI CTSL Bench Unit Run CC-15 (227-75) were analyzed to provide information on process performance. Run CC-15 was operated for 14 periods (days) from October 21 through November 3, 1992 in the thermal/catalytic configuration with Black Thunder Mine (Wyodak and Anderson seams) coal and Shell S-317 Ni/Mo supported extrudate catalyst. The run was made to test performance with and without a dispersed hydrous iron hydroxide catalyst precursor impregnated in the coal. Results are compared with those of previous HRI CTSL bench unit Run CC-1, which was operated in the catalytic/catalytic configuration, also with Shell S-317 catalyst. Several HRI Run CC-15 product distillate fractions prepared by the National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research (NIPER) for petroleum inspection tests were further characterized by CONSOL. These characterization data are presented. MicroAutoclave tests and chemical analyses were performed to evaluate the solvent quality of two potential solvents for Alberta Research Council ARC. Eight product samples from catalytic dehydrogenation experiments were characterized for the University of Pittsburgh. A description is presented of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method for determination of resid concentration/resid conversion, which was adapted for use in-house from HRI's standard method. A brief summary of the status of the Participants Program is given.
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Languages : en
Pages : 39
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Under subcontract from CONSOL Inc. (US DOE Contract No. DE-AC22-89PC89883), the University of Pittsburgh studied the use of ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy for the characterization of coal liquefaction resids. This study suggests that with further development the UVRR spectroscopy method may prove useful for the examination of the aromatic and unsaturated species in distillation resid materials derived from direct coal liquefaction. The technique, which was previously used for the examination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in biomedical materials, petroleum, and polymer systems, was applied to the tetrahydrofuran (THF)-soluble portion of six 850°F distillation resids. The results of this study indicate that the UVRR method may, with additional development, become a useful tool for the analysis of the PAHs in coal-derived materials.
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Languages : en
Pages : 122
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This study was designed to demonstrate the use of two FTIR techniques for the analysis of direct coal liquefaction process-derived materials. The two methods were quantitative FTIR analysis and themogravimetric (TG) analysis with FTIR analysis of evolved products (TG-FTIR). The quantitative FTIR analyses of both whole resids and THF-soluble resids provided quantitation of total hydrogen, aliphatic and aromatic hydrogen, total carbon, total oxygen, hydroxyl and etheric oxygen, and ash contents. The FTIR results were usually in agreement with values derived by other, more conventional methods. However, the accuracies of specific measurements, in comparisons with results from conventional methods, ranged from good to poor. The TG-FTIR method provided approximate analyses of coals and resids. The data provided included the time dependent evolution profiles of the volatile species and the elemental composition of the char. Reproducible data of gaseous species and pyrolysis tar yields for whole resid samples larger than 10 mg were obtainable. The yields and evolution profiles of certain volatiles (tar, CO, and methane) provided structural information on the samples. There were some experimental and interpretational difficulties associated with both techniques. Optimization of the curve-resolving routine for coal-liquefaction samples would improve the quantitative FTIR accuracy. Aerosol formation limited the full application of the TG-FTIR technique with the THF-soluble resid samples. At this time, further development of these analytical methods as process development tools will be required before their use for that purpose can be recommended. The use of FTIR as an on-line analytical technique for coal liquefaction process streams requires demonstration before it can be recommended; however, such a demonstration may be warranted.
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Languages : en
Pages : 142
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This 4.5-year project consisted of routine analytical support to DOE's direct liquefaction process development effort (the Base Program), and an extensive effort to develop, demonstate, and apply new analytical methods for the characterization of liquefaction process streams (the Participants Program). The objective of the Base Program was to support the on-going DOE direct coal liquefaction process development program. Feed, process, and product samples were used to assess process operations, product quality, and the effects of process variables, and to direct future testing. The primary objective of the Participants Program was to identify and demonstrate analytical methods for use in support of liquefaction process develpment, and in so doing, provide a bridge between process design, development, and operation and analytical chemistry. To achieve this direct coal liquefaction-derived materials. CONSOL made an evaluation of each analytical technique. During the performance of this project, we obtained analyses on samples from numerous process development and research programs and we evaluated a variety of analytical techniques for their usefulness in supporting liquefaction process development. Because of the diverse nature of this program, we provide here an annotated bibliography of the technical reports, publications, and formal presentations that resulted from this program to serve as a comprehensive summary of contract activities.
